κόσμος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">order</b>, <b class="b3">κατὰ κόσμον</b> in <b class="b2">order, duly</b>, εὖ κατὰ κ. <span class="bibl">Il.10.472</span>, al.; <b class="b3">οὐ κατὰ κ</b>. <b class="b2">shamefully</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.8.179</span>; μὰψ ἀτὰρ οὐ κατὰ κ. <span class="bibl">Il. 2.214</span>: freq. in dat., <b class="b3">κόσμῳ καθίζειν</b> to sit <b class="b2">in order</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.13.77</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.67</span>; οὐ κ.… ἐλευσόμεθα <span class="bibl">Il.12.225</span>; κ. θεῖναι τὰ πάντα <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.52</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">7.36</span>, etc.; διάθες τάδε κ. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>1331</span>; <b class="b3">κ. φέρειν</b> bear <b class="b2">becomingly</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>3.82</span>; δέξασθαί τινα κ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>521</span>; σὺν κόσμῳ <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.86</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mu.</span> 398b23</span>; ἐν κόσμῳ <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Mul.</span>1.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>223b</span>; <b class="b3">κόσμῳ οὐδενὶ κοσμηθέντες</b> <b class="b2">in</b> no sort of <b class="b2">order</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.59</span>; <b class="b3">φεύγειν, ἀπιέναι οὐδενὶ κ</b>., <span class="bibl">Id.3.13</span>, <span class="bibl">8.60</span>.<b class="b3">γ</b>, etc.; ἀτάκτως καὶ οὐδενὶ κ. <span class="bibl">Th.3.108</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>400</span>; <b class="b3">οὐκέτι τὸν αὐτὸν κ</b>. no longer <b class="b2">in</b> the same <b class="b2">order</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.66</span>; <b class="b3">οὐδένα κ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">65</span>, <span class="bibl">69</span>; ἦν δ' οὐδεὶς κ. τῶν ποιουμένων <span class="bibl">Th.3.77</span>: generally, of things, <b class="b2">natural order</b>, γίνεται τῶν τεταρταίων ἡ κατάστασις ἐκ τούτου τοῦ κ. <span class="bibl">Hp. <span class="title">Prog.</span>20</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">good order, good behaviour</b>, = [[κοσμιότης]] Phld.<span class="title">Mus.</span> p.43 K.; <b class="b2">discipline</b>, <span class="bibl">D.18.216</span>; οὐ κ., ἀλλ' ἀκοσμία <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>846</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">form, fashion</b>, ιππου κόσμον ἄεισον δουρατέου <span class="bibl">Od.8.492</span>; κ. ἐπέων ἀπατηλός <span class="bibl">Parm.8.52</span>; <b class="b3">ἐξηγεομένων… τὸν κ. αὐτοῦ</b> the <b class="b2">fashion</b> of it, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.22</span>; <b class="b3">κ. τόνδε… ὁ καταστησάμενος</b> who established this <b class="b2">order</b> or <b class="b2">from</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.1.99</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> of states, <b class="b2">order, government</b>, μεταστῆσαι τὸν κ. <span class="bibl">Th. 4.76</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.48</span>, <span class="bibl">67</span>; μένειν ἐν τῷ ὀλιγαρχικῷ κ. <span class="bibl">8.72</span>, etc.; esp. of the Spartan <b class="b2">constitution</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.65</span>, <span class="bibl">Clearch.3</span>: pl., πόλεων κόσμοι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span> 322c</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">ornament, decoration</b>, esp. of women, <span class="bibl">Il.14.187</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span> 76</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.92</span>.ή; γυναικεῖος κ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>373c</span>, etc.; of a horse, <span class="bibl">Il.4.145</span>; of men, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.123</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>397</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">γλαυκόχροα κόσμον ἐλαίας</b>, of an olive-wreath, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>3.13</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.83</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>2.10</span>, etc.; κ. κυνῶν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>6.1</span>; κ. καὶ ἔπιπλα <span class="bibl">Lys.12.19</span>; <b class="b3">κ. ἀργυροῦς</b> a <b class="b2">service</b> of plate, <span class="bibl">Ath.6.231b</span>; ἱερὸς κ. <span class="title">OGI</span>90.40 (Rosetta, ii B. C.): pl., <b class="b2">ornaments</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1271</span>; οἱ περὶ τὸ σῶμα κ. <span class="bibl">Isoc.2.32</span>: metaph., of ornaments of speech, such as <b class="b2">epithets</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.9.9</span> (pl.), <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1408a14</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Po.</span>1457b2</span>, <span class="bibl">1458a33</span>; <b class="b3">ἁδυμελῆ κ. κελαδεῖν</b> to sing sweet songs of <b class="b2">praise</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>11</span> (<span class="bibl">10</span>).<span class="bibl">13</span> (s.v.l.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> metaph., <b class="b2">honour, credit</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">N.</span>2.8</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">I.</span>6(5).69</span>; <b class="b3">κόσμον φέρει τινί</b> it does one <b class="b2">credit</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.60</span>, <span class="bibl">142</span>; γύναι, γυναιξὶ κόσμον ἡ σιγὴ φέρει <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>293</span>; κ. τοῦτ' ἐστὶν ἐμοί <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>914</span>; οἷς κόσμος [ἐστὶ] καλῶς τοῦτο δρᾶν <span class="bibl">Th.1.5</span>; ἐν κόσμῳ καὶ τιμῇ εἶναί τινι <span class="bibl">D.60.36</span>; of persons, σὺ ἔμοιγε μέγιστος κ. ἔσει <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>6.4.3</span>; ἡ μεγαλοψυχία οἷον κ. τις τῶν ἀρετῶν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span> 1124a1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">ruler, regulator</b>, title of chief magistrate in Crete, <span class="title">SIG</span>712.57, etc.; collectively, <b class="b2">body of</b> <b class="b3">κόσμοι</b>, ib.524.1; <b class="b3">τοῦ κ. τοῖς πλίασι</b> ib.527.74: also freq. in pl., ib.528.1, al., <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1272a6</span>, <span class="bibl">Str.10.4.18</span>, <span class="bibl">22</span>; cf. [[κόρμος]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> Philos., <b class="b2">world-order, universe</b>, first in Pythag., acc.to <span class="title">Placit.</span>2.1.1, <span class="bibl">D.L.8.48</span> (cf. [Philol.]<span class="bibl">21</span>), or Parm., acc. to Thphr. ap. D.L.l.c.; κόσμον τόνδε οὔτε τις θεῶν οὔτε ἀνθρώπων ἐποίησεν, ἀλλ' ἦν ἀεὶ καὶ ἔστιν καὶ ἔσται πῦρ <span class="bibl">Heraclit.30</span>; ὁ καλούμενος ὑπὸ τῶν σοφιστῶν κ. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.1.11</span>: freq. in <span class="bibl">Pl., <span class="title">Grg.</span>508a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ti.</span>27a</span>, al.; ἡ τοῦ ὅλου σύστασίς ἐστι κ. καὶ οὐρανός <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Cael.</span>280a21</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Ep.</span> 2p.37U.</span>, <span class="bibl">Chrysipp.Stoic.2.168</span>, etc.; ὁ κ. ζῷον ἔμψυχον καὶ λογικόν Posidon. ap. <span class="bibl">D.L.7.139</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>30b</span>: sts. of the <b class="b2">firmament</b>, γῆς ἁπάσης τῆς ὑπὸ τῷ κόσμῳ κειμένης <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.179</span>; ὁ περὶ τὴν γῆν ὅλος κ. <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Mete.</span>339a20</span>; <b class="b3">μετελθεῖν εἰς τὸν ἀέναον κ</b>., of death, <span class="title">OGI</span>56.48 (Canopus, iii B. C.); but also, of <b class="b2">earth</b>, as opp. heaven, ὁ ἐπιχθόνιος κ. Herm. ap. Stob.1.49.44; or as opp. the underworld, ὁ ἄνω κ. <span class="bibl">Iamb.<span class="title">VP</span>27.123</span>; of any <b class="b2">region</b> of the universe, ὁ μετάρσιος κ. Herm. ap. Stob.1.49.44; of the sphere whose centre is the earth's centre and radius the straight line joining earth and sun, <span class="bibl">Archim.<span class="title">Aren.</span>4</span>; of the sphere containing the fixed stars, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Epin.</span>987b</span>: in pl., <b class="b2">worlds</b>, coexistent or successive, Anaximand. et alii ap.<span class="title">Placit.</span>2.1.3, cf. Epicur.l.c.; also, of stars, Νὺξ μεγάλων κ. κτεάτειρα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>356</span> (anap.), cf. Heraclid.et Pythagorei ap.<span class="title">Placit.</span>2.13.15 (= <span class="bibl">Orph.<span class="title">Fr.</span>22</span>); <b class="b3">οἱ ἑπτὰ κ</b>. the Seven <b class="b2">planets</b>, <span class="bibl">Corp.Herm.11.7</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> metaph., <b class="b2">microcosm</b>, ἄνθρωπος μικρὸς κ. <span class="bibl">Democr. 34</span>; ἄνθρωπος βραχὺς κ. <span class="bibl">Ph.2.155</span>; of living beings in general, τὸ ζῷον οἷον μικρόν τινα κ. εἶναί φασιν ἄνδρες παλαιοί <span class="bibl">Gal.<span class="title">UP</span>3.10</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> in later Gr., = [[οἰκουμένη]], <b class="b2">the known</b> or <b class="b2">inhabited world</b>, <span class="title">OGI</span>458.40 (9 B.C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>1.8</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ὁ τοῦ παντὸς κ. κύριος</b>, of Nero, <span class="title">SIG</span>814.31, cf. <span class="title">IGRom.</span>4.982 (Samos); ἐὰν τὸν κ. ὅλον κερδήσῃ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>16.26</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">men in general</b>, φανέρωσον σεαυτὸν τῷ κ. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span>7.4</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">12.19</span>; esp. of the <b class="b2">world</b> as estranged from God by sin, ib.<span class="bibl">16.20</span>, <span class="bibl">17.9</span>, al., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Cor.</span> 1.21</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">οὗτος ὁ κ</b>. this present <b class="b2">world</b>, i.e. <b class="b2">earth</b>, opp. heaven, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span>13.1</span>; regarded as the kingdom of evil, <b class="b3">ὁ ἄρχων τοῦ κ. τούτου</b> ib.<span class="bibl">12.31</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> Pythag.name for <b class="b2">six</b>, Theol.Ar.37; for <b class="b2">ten</b>, ib.59.</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-1492.png Seite 1492]] ὁ (nach den Alten von [[κομέω]], vgl. aber [[κάδμος]], κέκασμαι, καίνυμαι), 1) <b class="b2">Schmuck</b>, Zierde; ἐπειδὴ πάντα περὶ χροῒ θήκατο κόσμον Il. 14, 187, von Frauenputz, wie Hes. O. 76; von Pferdeschmuck, Il. 4, 145; γλαυκόχροα κόσμον ἐλαίας Pind. Ol. 3, 13; αἰγλᾶντα κόσμον P. 2, 10, öfter; Tragg.; κόσμῳ τε χαίρων καὶ στολῇ Soph. Trach. 764; auch im plur., Aesch. Ag. 1244; οὐ στέφανοι οὐδ' ἐπίχρυσοι κόσμοι Plat. Legg. VII, 800 e; [[γυναικεῖος]] [[κόσμος]], Frauenputz, Rep. II, 373 c; übertr., γυναιξὶν κόσμον ἡ σιγὴ φέρει Soph. Ai. 286; so sagt die Panthea zu ihrem Manne σὺ γὰρ ἔμοιγε [[μέγιστος]] [[κόσμος]] ἔσει, Xen. Cyr. 6, 4, 2; οἷς [[κόσμος]] [[καλῶς]] τοῦτο δρᾶν, es gereicht ihnen zur Zierde, ist ihnen Ehre, Thuc. 1, 5, wie Her. οὐκ ἔφερέ οἱ κόσμον 8, 60, vgl. 142. Auch vom Schmuck der Rede, Arist. rhet. 3, 7 poet. 36. – 2) die <b class="b2">Ordnung</b>; οὐ κόσμῳ παρὰ ναῦφιν ἐλευσόμεθα, in Ordnung, Il. 12, 225; τοὶ δὲ κάθιζον ἐπὶ κληϊσιν ἕκαστοι κόσμῳ, sie saßen in geordneter Reihe, Od. 13, 77; διάθες [[τόδε]] κόσμῳ Ar. Av. 1331; in Prosa, ὡς δὲ κόσμῳ [[ἐπεξῆς]] ἵζοντο Her. 8, 67, κόσμῳ θέντες τὰ πάντα πρήγματα, von den Göttern, Alles anordnend, 2, 52, vgl. 7, 36; οἱ Αἰγύπτιοι ἔφευγον οὐδενὶ κόσμῳ, ohne alle Ordnung, 3, 13; auch οἱ Πέρσαι ἔφευγον οὐδένα κόσμον, 9, 65, öfter; auch τῶν Ἑλλήνων σὺν κόσμῳ ναυμαχεόντων κατὰ τάξιν, 8, 86; κόσμου καὶ τάξεως τυχοῦσα [[οἰκία]] Plat. Gorg. 504 a; Sp., wie Pol. 4, 71, 11; D. Hsl. 1, 24; ᾄδειν κατ' οὐδένα κόσμον Plut. Nicia. 3; ἀτάκτως καὶ οὐδενὶ κόσμῳ προσπίπτοντες verbindet Thuc. 3, 108, wie Aesch. τὸ δεξιὸν μὲν πρῶτον εὐτάκτως [[κέρας]] ἡγεῖτο κόσμῳ, Pers. 393; ἐν κόσμῳ πίνειν Plat. Conv. 223 b; οὐδένα κόσμον ἐμπιπλάμενοι, unmäßig, Her. 8, 117. – Bei Hom. oft κατὰ κόσμον der Ordnung, dem Anstand u. den guten Sitten gemäß, mit Anstand, nach Gebühr; εἰπὼν οὐ κατὰ κόσμον Od. 8, 179; μάψ, ἀτὰρ οὐ κατὰ κόσμον Il. 2, 214; auch verstärkt, εὖ κατὰ κόσμον, 10, 472 u. öfter; so auch εἴρηκας ἀμφὶ κόσμον ἀψευδῆ λόγον Aesch. Suppl. 243. – Daher = ordentliche Einrichtung, Anordnung; ἵππου κόσμον ἄεισον, des hölzernen Pferdes, Od. 8, 492; gesetzliche Ordnung, Staatseinrichtung, βουλομένων μεταστῆσαι τὸν κόσμον καὶ ἐς δημοκρατίαν τρέψαι Thuc. 4, 46; μένειν ἐν τῷ ὀλιγαρχικῷ κόσμῳ 9, 72, vgl. 64. 72; κόσμον τόνδε καταστησάμενος Her. 1, 99; τῆς πολιτείας Isocr. 12, 116. – 3) bei den Kretern eine Obrigkeit, den spartanischen Ephoren entsprechend, Arist. polit. 2, 8; Inscr. – 4) die <b class="b2">Weltordnung</b>, das Weltall, die <b class="b2">Welt</b>, weil sich in der wunderbaren Anordnung aller ihrer Theile die höchste Ordnung kund giebt; zuerst von Pythagoras so bezeichnet (Bentley opusc. philol. p. 347. 445); nach ihm von Empedocles, vgl. Sturz p. 526; als Kunstausdruck bei den Philosophen, bes. von Aristoteles an geläufig; ποταγορεύεται ὁ [[κόσμος]] ἀπὸ τᾶς τῶν πάντων διακοσμάσιος Callicrat. bei Stob. fl. 85, 17.; über den Begriff des Wortes bei den Stoikern vgl. D. L. 7, 137; – bes. der Himmel u. die Himmelskörper, vgl. Plat. Tim. 28 b Gorg. 508 a Epin. 977 b; ἅπασα γῆ ὑπὸ τῷ κόσμῳ κειμένη Isocr. 4, 179; vgl. Pol. 12, 25, 7; ὁ περὶ τὴν γῆν [[ὅλος]] [[κόσμος]] Arist. Meteorl. 1, 2; τὸν ὅλον κόσμον καὶ τὰ θεῖα καὶ τὰς καλουμένας ὥρας [[νόμος]] καὶ [[τάξις]] διοικεῖν φαίνεται Dem. 26, 27; auch Anth. oft, wie Nonn.; später bei den K. S., wo es wie im N. T. auch das Irdische im Gegensatz zum Göttlichen bezeichnet.