ξύλον: Difference between revisions

|Definition=[ῠ], τό (pl. spelt <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> ξύλεα <b class="b2">Abh. Berl. Akad</b>. 1928(6).32 (Cos, v B. C.)), <b class="b2">wood</b> cut and ready for use, <b class="b2">firewood, timber</b>, etc., Hom., mostly in pl., <span class="bibl">Il.8.507</span>,<span class="bibl">547</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.14.418</span> ; <b class="b3">ξ. νήϊα</b> ship-<b class="b2">timber</b>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span> 808</span> ; ξ. ναυπηγήσιμα <span class="bibl">Th.7.25</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>6.4.4</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>706b</span>, <span class="bibl">D.17.28</span> ; <b class="b3">ξ. τετράγωνα</b> <b class="b2">logs</b> cut square, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.186</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>325d</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span> 1109b7</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> in pl., also, <b class="b2">the wood-market</b>, ἐπὶ ξύλα ἰέναι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Fr.</span> 403</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> in sg., <b class="b2">piece of wood, log, beam, post</b>, once in Hom., ξ. αὖον… ἢ δρυὸς ἢ πεύκης <span class="bibl">Il.23.327</span> ; <b class="b3">ξ. σύκινον</b> <b class="b2">spoon made of</b> fig <b class="b2">wood</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Hp.Ma.</span>291c</span> ; <b class="b2">peg</b> or <b class="b2">lever</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">MA</span>701b9</span> ; <b class="b2">perch</b>, ἐπὶ ξύλου καθεύδειν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1431</span> : by poet. periphr., Ἀργοῦς ξύλον <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>20</span> ; <b class="b3">ἵπποιο κακὸν ξ</b>., of the Trojan horse, <span class="title">AP</span>9.152 (Agath.) : hence anything made of wood, as, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">cudgel, club</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.63</span>,<span class="bibl">4.180</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span>357</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHal.</span>1.187</span> (iii B.C.); μετὰ ξύλων εἰσπηδῆσαι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>304.10</span> (ii A.D.); ξύλοις συντρίψειν <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Demon.</span>50</span> ; of the <b class="b2">club</b> of Heracles, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Lyc.</span>30</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">an instrument of punishment</b>, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">a</span> <b class="b2">wooden collar</b>, put on the neck of the prisoner, ξύλῳ φιμοῦν τὸν αὐχένα <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>592</span> ; ἐς τετρημένον ξ. ἐγκαθαρμόσαι… τὸν αὐχένα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lys.</span>680</span> ; or, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b2">stocks</b>, in which the feet were confined, <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.37</span>, <span class="bibl">6.75</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>367</span>, <span class="bibl">D.18.129</span> ; ξ. ἐφέλκειν <span class="bibl">Polyzel.3</span> ; ἐν τῷ ξ. δεδέσθαι <span class="bibl">Lys.10.16</span> (v. <b class="b3">ποδοκάκκη</b>), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>16.24</span>, <span class="title">OGI</span>483.181 (Pergam., ii A.D.) : also in pl., ἔδησεν ἐν τοῖς ξ. <span class="bibl">And.1.45</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">πεντεσύριγγον ξύλον</b> (v. sub voc.) was a combination of both, with holes for the neck, arms, and legs, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>1049</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">d</span> <b class="b2">gallows</b>, κρεμάσαι τινὰ ἐπὶ ξύλου <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">De.</span>21.22</span> ; <b class="b3">ξ. δίδυμον</b> ib.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Jo.</span>8.29</span> : prov., <b class="b3">ἐξ ἀξίου τοῦ ξύλου κἂν ἀπάγξασθαι</b>, i.e. if one must be hanged, at least let it be on a noble tree, <span class="title">App.Prov.</span>2.67, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>736</span> ; in <b class="b2">NT</b>, of the <b class="b2">cross</b>, Act.Ap.5.30,10.39. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">e</span> <b class="b2">stake</b> on which criminals were impaled, <span class="bibl">Alex.222.10</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">bench, table</b>, esp. <b class="b2">money-changer's table</b>, <span class="bibl">D.45.33</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">πρῶτον ξύλον</b> front <b class="b2">bench</b> in the Athenian theatre, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>25</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">V.</span>90</span>, cf. Sch.adlocc. : hence <b class="b3">οὑπὶ τῶν ξύλων</b> the official who had to take care of the <b class="b2">seats</b>, <span class="bibl">Hermipp.9</span> (according to Meineke). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> the Hippocratic <b class="b2">bench</b>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Fract.</span>13</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Art.</span>72</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> of live wood, <b class="b2">tree</b>, [ὄρος] δασὺ πολλοῖς καὶ παντοδαποῖς καὶ μεγάλοις ξύλοις <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>6.4.5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Cer.</span>41</span>, <span class="bibl">Agatharch.55</span>, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Ca.</span>2.3</span>, al. : opp. <b class="b3">σάρξ</b>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>1.2.6</span>,al. ; τῷ ξ. τοῦ δένδρου ἀνάλογον τὴν λεγομένην εἶναι γῆν <span class="bibl">Plot.6.7.11</span> ; τὸ ξ. τῆς ἀμπέλου <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>572</span>; <b class="b3">εἴρια ἀπὸ ξύλου</b>, of cotton, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.47</span> ; εἵματα ἀπὸ ξύλων πεποιημένα <span class="bibl">Id.7.65</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">Poll.7.75</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> of persons, <b class="b2">blockhead</b>, APl.4.187 ; of a stubborn person, σίδηρός τις ἢ ξ. πρὸς τὰς δεήσεις <span class="bibl">Ach.Tat.5.22</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> <b class="b2">a measure oflength</b>, = <span class="bibl">3</span> (also <span class="bibl">2</span> <span class="bibl">2</span>/<span class="bibl">3</span>) cubits, the side of the <b class="b3">ναύβιον</b>, Hero <b class="b2">*Geom</b>.23.4,11, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>669.11</span>,<span class="bibl">28</span> (iii A.D.), <span class="bibl">1053</span> (vi/vii A.D.).</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0281.png Seite 281]] τό, das <b class="b2">Holz</b> (von [[ξύω]]), das abgehauen ist, zum Verbrennen oder zu anderer Benutzung für den Haus- und Schiffbau; ὑπὸ δὲ ξύλα κάγκανα κεῖται, Il. 21, 364; ὑπὸ δὲ ξύλα δαῖον, Il. 18, 347; oft so im plur., κέασε ξύλα νηλέϊ χαλκῷ, Od. 14, 418; nur einmal bei Hom. im singul., Il. 23, 327; [[ξύλον]] ξύλῳ ποτίκολλον, Pind. frg. 280; ἐν τομῇ ξύλου, Soph. Tr. 697; ξύλα νήϊα, Schiffbauholz, Hes. O. 810, vgl. [[νήϊος]]; ναυπηγήσιμα, Plat. Legg. IV, 706 b; ξύλα τετράγωνα, Balken, Her. 1, 186. Ganz allgemein, καὶ λίθῳ καὶ ξύλῳ καὶ ἀνθρώπῳ, Plat. Hipp. mai. 291 c; λίθους καὶ ξύλα Gorg. 468 a. – Uebh. alles aus Holz Gemachte, Stock, Knittel, Her. 2, 63. 4, 180, wie Sp., Pol. 6, 36, 3; Plut. vom Herakles [[δέρμα]] καὶ [[ξύλον]] ἔχων, Lycurg. 30; ξύλοις συντρίψειν, Luc. Demon. 50. – Besond. ein bei Sklaven gebrauchtes Zwangs-und Strafwerkzeug, in welches der Hals oder die Füße eingespannt wurden, τετρημένον, Ar. Lys. 680; ξύλῳ δῆσαί τινα, auch ἐν ξύλῳ, Equ. 367. 702; Her. 9, 37; Andoc. 1, 45; ἐν ξύλῳ δεδέσθαι, Lys. 10, 16, mit [[ποδοκάκη]] zusammen; Folgde; ξύλῳ φιμοῦν τὸν αὐχένα, Ar. Ran. 716; auch Wahnsinnige oder Tolle wurden in dies Holz gesteckt, Her. 6, 75. – Πρῶτον [[ξύλον]] ist im athenischen Theater die vorderste, unterste Sitzbank; denn die Sitze waren vor Alters von Holz, der Name blieb aber auch in dem von Stein gebau'ten Theater; es saßen die Prytanen und Magistrate darauf, Ar. Ach. 25 Vesp. 90. – Vom Kreuz, an das die Verbrecher geheftet werden, N. T.; vgl. auch Alexis bei Ath. IV, 134 a. – Von lebendigem Holze, der Baum, bei alexandrinischen Dichtern, Callim. u. A. Doch nennt Her. 3, 47 die Baumwolle schon εἴρια ἀπὸ ξύλου; vgl. Poll. 7, 75. Oefters der Baumwollenbaum bei Sp.; εἵματα ἀπὸ ξύλων bei Her. 7, 65 scheinen Kleider aus Bast, [[βίβλος]] zu sein. – Uebertr., ein hölzerner, stumpfsinniger Mensch, s. Iac. Ach. Tat. p. 815. – Auch ein bestimmtes Längenmaaß hieß so, = 3 πήχεις, 4¹/₂ Fuß, Mathem. vett.