πολιτικός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ή, όν, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">of, for</b>, or <b class="b2">relating to citizens</b>, σύλλογος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>452e</span>; οἶκοι <span class="bibl">Isoc.2.21</span>; <b class="b3">αἱ π. λειτουργίαι</b>, opp. <b class="b3">αἱ τῶν μετοίκων</b>, <span class="bibl">D.20.18</span>; <b class="b3">π. κοινωνία, βίος</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1252a7</span>, <span class="bibl">1254b30</span>; π. νόμος <span class="title">IG</span>9 (1).32.22 (Stiris, ii B. C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHal.</span>1.79</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PPetr.</span>3p.49</span> (iii B. C.), Mitteis <span class="title">Chr.</span>31 vii 9 (ii B. C.); <b class="b3">π. χώρα</b>, Lat. <b class="b2">ager publicus</b>, <span class="bibl">Plb.6.45.3</span>; παῖδες π. <span class="title">IG</span>14.748 (Naples); <b class="b3">χορὸς π</b>. ib.7.1776 (Helice); at Rome, <b class="b3">π. στρατηγία</b> office of praetor <b class="b2">urbanus</b> (i. e. <b class="b2">qui inter cives ius dicit)</b>, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Brut.</span> 7</span>. Adv. <b class="b3">-κῶς, κινεῖν</b> bring a <b class="b2">civil</b> action, <span class="title">Cod.Just.</span>4.20.13.1. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b2">in a town</b>, <b class="b3">π. τόπος</b> a <b class="b2">city</b> site, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>2109.8</span> (iii A. D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">πολιτικός, ὁ,</b> <b class="b2">official</b>, PTeb.208 (i B. C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Sammelb.</span>286</span> (pl.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>34 iii 10</span> (pl., ii A. D.), etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">befitting a citizen, civic, civil</b>, ἰσονομία <span class="bibl">Th.3.82</span>; σχῆμα π. τοῦ λόγου <span class="bibl">Id.8.89</span>; ἀγῶνες <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.6.26</span>; π. ἀρετή <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lac.</span> 10.7</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ -ωτάτη ἔρις</b> ib.<span class="bibl">4.5</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ πολιτικά</b> <b class="b2">civil affairs</b>, opp. <b class="b3">τὰ πολεμικά</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Eq.</span>2.1</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Hier.</span>9.5</span>; πολιτικωτέρα ἐγένετο ἡ ὀλιγαρχία <b class="b2">more constitutionly</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1305b10</span>; <b class="b3">π. ἀρχή</b>, opp. <b class="b3">δεσποτική</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">1254b4</span>; <b class="b2">observant of social order</b>, <span class="bibl">Plb.34.14.2</span>. Adv. <b class="b3">-κῶς, ἔχειν</b> act <b class="b2">like a citizen, in a constitutional manner</b>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.79</span>; <b class="b3">οὐδὲ κοινῶς οὐδὲ π. ἐβίωσαν</b> ib. 151; οὐκ ἴσως οὐδὲ π. <span class="bibl">D.10.74</span>; <b class="b3">οὕτω… ἀρχαίως εἶχον, μᾶλλον δὲ π</b>. the Greek states were so much <b class="b2">like members of one state</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.9.48</span>; <b class="b3">π. ἄρχειν</b>, opp. <b class="b3">βασιλικῶς</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1259b1</span>; opp. <b class="b3">δεσποτικῶς</b>, ib. <span class="bibl">1324a37</span>; of animals, πολιτικώτερον χρῶνται τοῖς ἀπογόνοις <b class="b2">more socially</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HA</span> 589a2</span>: hence, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b2">civil, courteous</b>, <span class="bibl">Plb.23.5.7</span>. Adv. <b class="b2">civilly, courteously</b>, πράως καὶ π. μεμψιμοιρεῖν <span class="bibl">Id.18.48.7</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">consisting of citizens</b> or <b class="b2">of one's fellow-citizens</b>, <b class="b3">τὸ πολιτικόν</b> the <b class="b2">community</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.103</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.8.93</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ π. στράτευμα</b>, opp. <b class="b3">τὸ τῶν συμμάχων</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>4.4.19</span>: without <b class="b3">στράτευμα</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">5.3.25</span>, etc.; αἱ π. δυνάμεις <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.98</span>; opp. <b class="b3">οἱ σύμμαχοι</b>, <span class="bibl">D.18.237</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">9.48</span>; <b class="b3">π. δικαστήριον</b> a court <b class="b2">composed of</b> locally appointed <b class="b2">citizens</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ξενικὸν δ</b>. (one composed of foreigners invited from abroad), <span class="title">SIG</span>306.28 (Tegea, iv B. C.), 976.9 (Samos, ii B. C.); οἱ π. ἱππεῖς καὶ πεζοί <span class="bibl">Plb.1.9.4</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.S.19.106</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ π. σώματα</b> prob. cj. for <b class="b3">τὰ πολεμικὰ σ</b>. in <span class="bibl">Plb.4.52.7</span>, cf. <span class="title">SIG</span>588.64 (Milet., ii B. C.); σῶμα π. <span class="title">IG</span>12(7).386.25 (Aegiale, iii B. C.); <b class="b3">οἱ π</b>., = [[οἱ πολῖται]], ib.22.2316.54. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">living in a community</b>, ἄνθρωπος φύσει π. ζῷον <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1253a3</span>; πολιτικὰ δ' ἐστίν, ὧν ἕν τι καὶ κοινὸν γίγνεται πάντων τὸ ἔργον <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HA</span>488a7</span>; also, <b class="b2">fit for, characteristic of, free government</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1287b38</span>, <span class="bibl">1294b1</span>; <b class="b3">πλῆθος</b> ib.<span class="bibl">1288a12</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b2">secular</b>, opp. ecclesiastical, πρόσοδοι <span class="title">SIG</span>459.6 (Beroea, iii B. C.), cf. 526.35 (Itanus, iii B. C.), <span class="title">OGI</span>267.29 (Pergam., iii B. C.); <b class="b3">οἱ π</b>. the <b class="b2">laity</b>, <span class="bibl">Lyd. <span class="title">Mens.</span>3.10</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">of</b> or <b class="b2">befitting a statesman, statesmanlike</b>, δεινότητες <span class="bibl">Nausiph.2</span>; <b class="b3">ψυχαὶ -ώτεραι</b>, opp. <b class="b3">οἰκονομικώτεραι</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.2.14</span>, cf. Pl.<span class="title">Alc.</span>1.133e; ὁ πολιτικός <b class="b2">the statesman</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1252a7</span>, <span class="bibl">1274b36</span>, <span class="bibl">1276a34</span>; also, title of a dialogue by Plato. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">belonging to the state</b> or <b class="b2">its administration, political</b>, οἰκείων καὶ π. ἐπιμέλεια <span class="bibl">Th. 2.40</span>; τέχνη π. <span class="bibl">Democr.157</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>319a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Grg.</span>521d</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ π. ἐπιστήμη, ἡ π</b>., the science <b class="b2">of politics</b>, opp. <b class="b3">οἰκονομική, βασιλική</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Plt.</span>259c</span>, <span class="bibl">303e</span> (in Arist. <b class="b2">politics</b> includes ethics, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">EN</span>1094b11</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Rh.</span>1356a27</span>, and is divided into <b class="b3">πολιτική</b> (proper) <b class="b3">καὶ οἰκονομία καὶ φρόνησις</b>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">EE</span>1218b13</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">EN</span>1141b23</span> sq.); π. πράγματα <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.113</span>; πράξεις <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Hp.Ma.</span> 281c</span>; φρόνησις <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1141b26</span>; <b class="b3">λόγος</b>, title of work by Antipho Soph., <span class="bibl">Hermog.<span class="title">Id.</span>2.11</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">τὰ π</b>. <b class="b2">public matters</b>, γνῶναι <span class="bibl">Th.2.40</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">6.15</span>,<span class="bibl">89</span>; πράττειν τὰ π. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>521d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ap.</span>31d</span>, etc.; but <b class="b3">τὰ π. βλάπτειν</b> prejudice the <b class="b2">weal of the state</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>407d</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">civil, municipal</b>, opp. natural or general, οὐ γὰρ ἐκ π. αἰτίας <span class="bibl">D.21.218</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> generally, <b class="b2">having relation to public life, political, public</b>, opp. <b class="b3">κατ' ἰδίας</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.8.89</span>; π. τιμαί <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.6.24</span>; <b class="b3">λόγοι</b> <b class="b2">civil</b> oratory, <span class="bibl">Isoc.15.46</span>, <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Comp.</span>1</span>, al.; τίς π. καὶ κοινὴ βοήθεια; <span class="bibl">D.18.311</span>. Adv. Comp. <b class="b3">-ώτερον</b>, <b class="b2">litterae</b> π. <b class="b2">scriptae</b> <span class="bibl">Cic.<span class="title">Att.</span>5.12.2</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> <b class="b2">suited to a citizen's common life, ordinary</b>, κάνναθρον <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Ages.</span>8.7</span>; <b class="b2">belonging to common usage</b>, τῶν ὀνομάτων τὰ π. <span class="bibl">Isoc.9.10</span>; <b class="b2">drawn from ordinary life</b>, παραδείγματα Gal.5.221; <b class="b3">τὰς π.… χρείας [τοῦ σκέλους</b>] <b class="b2">ordinary</b>, opp. wrestling and dancing, Id.2.299; <b class="b3">ὁ π</b>., opp. <b class="b3">ὁ ποιητής</b>, Phryn.45. Adv. <b class="b3">-κῶς, λέγειν</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ῥητορικῶς</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Po.</span>1450b7</span>; ὁρίζεσθαι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pol.</span> 1275b25</span>; ἑρμηνεύειν Gal.18(1).415. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VI</span> <b class="b3">πολιτική, ἡ,</b> <b class="b2">concubine, mistress</b>, PGrenf.2.73 (iii A. D.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>903.37</span> (iv A. D.).</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0657.png Seite 657]] den Bürger betreffend, <b class="b2">bürgerlich</b>; ξύλλογος, Plat. Gorg. 452 e; οἶκοι, Bürgerhäuser, Isocr. 2, 21; [[στράτευμα]], aus Bürgern bestehend, im Ggstz von συμμάχων, Xen. Hell. 4, 4, 19 u. oft, wie οἱ πολιτικοὶ ἱππεῖς, Pol. 1, 9, 4; bes. im Ggstz von ξένοι, ξενικόν (so auch [[μάγειρος]] [[πολιτικός]] im Ggstz des [[ἐκτόπιος]], Ath. XIV, 659 a, u. nach B. A. 99 stehen den ἄγρια θηρία die πολιτικά, Hausthiere, entgegen). – Bes. aber = zur Staatsverwaltung geschickt, ὁ [[πολιτικός]], der <b class="b2">Staatsmann</b>, Plat. defin. 415 c πολιτικὸς [[ἐπιστήμων]] πόλεως κατασκευῆς; so ἐπιθυμεῖς πολιτικὸς εἶναι, Gorg. 513 b; Euthyd. 305 c u. öfter; vgl. Xen. Cyr. 2, 2, 14; πολιτικὴ [[ἐπιστήμη]], die Kunst der Staatsverwaltung, Plat. Polit. 303 e; [[τέχνη]], Gorg. 521 d; auch πολιτικὸς [[βίος]], Rep. VII, 521 b; πολιτικαὶ πράξεις, Hipp. mai. 281 c, u. sonst; auch πράττειν τὰ πολιτικά, Staatsgeschäfte treiben, Gorg. 521 d Apol. 31 d; im Ggstz von τὰ οἰκεῖα, Thuc. 2, 40; τὸ πολιτικόν, die Gesammtheit der Bürger, die Bürgerschaft, Her. 7, 103; – πολιτικὴ [[χώρα]], ager publicus, Pol. 6, 45, 3. – Ueberh. in Beziehung auf das Leben im Staate, <b class="b2">öffentlich</b>, [[λόγος]] u. dgl.; dem Staate nützlich, πολιτικώτατον [[κτῆμα]], Xen. Cyr. 1, 5, 12; auch den Bürgern angenehm, bürgerfreundlich, Pol. 24, 5, 7 u. öfter; u. so im adv., πολιτικῶς μεμψιμοιρεῖν, mild, freundlich, 18, 31, 7; vgl. noch οὐκ [[ἴσως]] οὐδὲ πολιτικῶς [[ἔνιοι]] πολιτεύονται, Dem. 10, 74; πολιτικῶς βιῶναι, Isocr. 4, 151. – Von der Sprache und dem Ausdrucke, wie sie im bürgerlichen Leben oder in öffentlichen Verhandlungen gelten, vgl. Schaef, zu D. Hal. de C. V. p. 6, 7.