σπάθη: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ἡ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">any broad blade</b>, of wood or metal: </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b2">flat wooden blade used by weavers</b> in the upright loom (instead of the comb (κτείς) used in the horizontal), for striking the threads of the woof home, so as to make the web close, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>232</span>, <span class="bibl">Philyll.12</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ly.</span>208d</span>; Dor. acc. pl. σπάθᾰς <span class="title">AP</span>6.288 (Leon.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">spattle</b> for stirring anything, <span class="bibl">Alex.60</span>; esp. for medical purposes, Gal. 13.378, Heraclid.Tar. ap. eund.13.812. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">blade of an oar</b>, Lyc. 23. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> pl., <b class="b2">broad ribs</b>, <span class="bibl">Poll.2.181</span>, Ruf.<span class="title">Oss.</span>25, and so prob. in <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Gland.</span>14</span>, <span class="title">PMag.Par.</span>1.3116, <span class="bibl">Paul.Aeg.3.78</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b2">broad blade of a sword</b>, Χαλκίδικαι σπάθαι <span class="bibl">Alc.15.6</span>; σπάθῃ κολούων φασγάνου <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Fr.</span>373</span>; σπάθην παραφαίνων . . χρυσένδετον <span class="bibl">Philem.70</span>; <b class="b3">χλαμὺς καὶ σ</b>. (cf. Ital. <b class="b2">capa e spada</b>) <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Pk.</span>165</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Sam.</span>314</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">Char.</span>25.4</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b2">scraper for currying horses</b>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PSI</span>4.430.6</span> (iii B.C.), <span class="bibl">Poll.1.185</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> <b class="b2">stem of a palm-frond</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.69</span>: also <b class="b2">spathe of the flower</b> in many plants, esp. of the palm kind, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>2.6.6</span>, <span class="bibl">2.8.4</span>, <span class="bibl">Poll. 1.244</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">8</span> pl., <b class="b2">flukes</b> of an anchor, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span>3.1164</span> (<b class="b2">h</b>).<span class="bibl">9</span> (iii A.D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">9</span> pl.,= ἀγκῶνες <span class="bibl">11.1</span>, in machines, <span class="bibl">Orib.49.4.10</span>.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: Des. of several flat and oblong oblects, e.g. <b class="b2">tool of a weaver for striking the threads of the woof home, blade (of a sword), blade of an oar, spatula, flat rib (shoulder-blade?), spathe, espec. of the palm, stalk of the palm leaf, harroweeder</b> (Alc., IA.).<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">σπαθ-ίς</b>, <b class="b3">-ίδος</b> f. <b class="b2">spatula, garment of closely-woven cloth</b> (com., inscr.). 2. <b class="b3">-ίας κτείς</b> <b class="b2">flat rib</b> (Opp.). 3. <b class="b3">-ίτης</b> m. <b class="b2">palm wine</b> (Alex. Trall.; Redard 99). 4. <b class="b3">-ινα</b> pl. [[garments]] (Aq.), <b class="b3">-ίνης</b> m. <b class="b2">young deer</b>, from the form of the horns (H., Eust., sch.; cf. <b class="b3">ἐλαφίνης</b> a. o.). 5. <b class="b3">-άριος</b> m. <b class="b2">guard (equipped with a σ.)</b> (Lyd., Cappadoc. inscr.), <b class="b3">-αρία</b> f. <b class="b2">fighting contest</b> (EM), <b class="b3">-αρικόν</b> n. <b class="b2">thin upper garment</b> (Sm.). 6. <b class="b3">-άω</b>, rarely w. <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b2">to strike with a σ., to seal up, to hatch, to dissipate, to waste</b> (Ar., D., hell. a. late) with <b class="b3">-ημα</b>, <b class="b3">-ησις</b>, <b class="b3">-ητός</b>. 7. <b class="b3">-ίζω</b> (<b class="b3">περι-</b> a. o.) <b class="b2">to stir up with a spatula</b> (Opp.) with <b class="b3">-ίσματα σπαδονίσματα</b> H.<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: Except for the stemformation <b class="b3">σπάθη</b> has been connected with the Germ. word for [[spade]], OS [[spado]] m., OE [[spade]], [[spadu]] f., NHG. [[Spaten]] m., PGm. <b class="b2">*spað-an</b>, <b class="b2">-ōn-</b>, but the Greek word cannot be connected as the Germ. word had an [[e]] (which implies a <b class="b2">h₁</b>, which would have given Gr. <b class="b3">ε</b>; see Pok. 980). Untenable on <b class="b3">σπάθη</b> Specht Ursprung 256 (<b class="b3">θ</b> from IE [[th]]). Hitt. [[išpatar]] <b class="b2">spear?, sprong ?</b> should better remain far; s. Kronasser 1, 283 w. lit. Further connection with a verb <b class="b2">draw in length</b> (s. [[σπάω]]; Persson Beitr. 1, 405ff.) seems possible (reserved WP. 2, 652f.). Lat. LW [loanword] [[spada]], [[spatha]], [[spatula]] s. W.-Hofmann s. vv. w. more details.