ἀντί: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Prep. governing gen.:—orig. sense, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">over against</b>. (Cf. Skt. <b class="b2">a/nti</b> 'opposite', 'facing', Lat. <b class="b2">ante</b>, etc.) </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> USAGE: </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> of Place, <b class="b2">opposite, over against</b>, formerly quoted from several places of Hom., as <span class="bibl">Il.21.481</span> <b class="b3">ἀντὶ ἐμεῖο</b> (where now <b class="b3">ἀντί' ἐμεῖο</b>, i.e. <b class="b3">ἀντία</b>) <b class="b3"> Τρώων ἄνθ' ἑκατόν</b> (i.e. <b class="b3">ἄντα</b>) <span class="bibl">8.233</span>; so <b class="b3">ἄντ' Αἴαντος</b> (i.e. <b class="b3">ἄντα</b>) <span class="bibl">15.415</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.4.115</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>727</span>; but <b class="b3">ἀντί</b> is so used in <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>4.7.6</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>2.835<b class="b2">c-l</b>68; <b class="b3">αἱ ὀπαὶ αἱ γιγνόμεναι ἀ. τόρμων</b> mortises <b class="b2">facing</b> tenons, <span class="bibl">Hero <span class="title">Bel.</span>97.5</span>; <b class="b3">ἀντὶ μαιτύρων</b> <b class="b2">in the presence of</b> witnesses, <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>1.40; ἀντὶ τῆς ὄψεως ἡμῶν <span class="bibl">Eudox.<span class="title">Ars</span>18</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> of Time, <b class="b3">ἀντὶ νυκτός</b> <b class="b2">the same</b> night, <span class="title">SIG</span>1025.43 (Cos); ἀντὶ ϝέτεος <span class="title">GDI</span>2561 <span class="title">A</span>45 (Delph.); ἀντ' ἐνιαυτοῦ <span class="title">IG</span>5(2).266.8 (Mantinea, i B.C.); <b class="b3">ἀνθ' ἡμέρας· δι' ὅλης τῆς ἡμέρας</b>, Hsch.; cf. [[ἀντετοῦς]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">instead, in the place of</b>, Ἕκτορος ἀντὶ πεφάσθαι <span class="bibl">Il.24.254</span>; ἀντὶ γάμοιο τάφον <span class="bibl">Od.20.307</span>; so later πολέμιος ἀντὶ φίλου καταστῆναι <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.87</span>; ἀντὶ ἡμέρης νὺξ ἐγένετο <span class="bibl">Id.7.37</span>; ἀντὶ φωτῶν σποδός <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>434</span>; τὸν πόλεμον ἀντ' εἰρήνης μεταλαμβάνειν <span class="bibl">Th.1.120</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">4.20</span>, <span class="bibl">7.75</span>; βασιλεύειν ἀντί τινος <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.1.4</span>; also ἀντὶ ἄρχεσθαι ὑπ' ἄλλων ἄρχειν ἁπάντων <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.210</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">6.32</span>, <span class="bibl">7.170</span> (where the usual constr. would be <b class="b3">ἀντὶ τοῦ ἄρχεσθαι</b>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.7.28</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>6.2.19</span>, etc.); ὀργίλοι ἀντὶ θυμοειδοῦς γεγένηνται <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>411c</span>: sts. used elliptically, <b class="b3">ἦ 'τολμήσατ' ἀντ' ἐμοῦ δοῦναί τινι;</b> i.e. <b class="b3">ἀντὶ τοῦ ἐμοὶ δοῦναι</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>369</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>448</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>58</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> in Hom. often to denote equivalence, <b class="b3">ἀντί νυ πολλῶν λαῶν ἐστιν ἀνήρ</b> he is <b class="b2">as good as</b> many men, <span class="bibl">Il.9.116</span>; <b class="b3">ἀντὶ κασιγνήτου ξεῖνος . . τέτυκται</b> a guest is <b class="b2">as much as</b> a brother, <span class="bibl">Od.8.546</span>; <b class="b3">ἀντί τοί εἰμ' ἱκέταο</b> I am <b class="b2">as</b> a suppliant, <span class="bibl">Il.21.75</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.163</span>; so later <b class="b3">τοῦτό σφι ἀντὶ λουτροῦ ἐστί</b> serves <b class="b2">as</b> a bath, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.75</span>; <b class="b3">ὑπάρχειν ἀντὶ τῶν ἔνδον</b> to be <b class="b2">as hostages for .</b>., <span class="bibl">Th.2.5</span>; <b class="b3">δουλεύειν ἀντὶ ἀργυρωνήτων</b> <b class="b2">just like</b> bought slaves, <span class="bibl">D.17.3</span>; ἀντὶ [πλεύμονος] βράγχια <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">PA</span>669a4</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> to denote exchange, <b class="b2">at the price of, in return for</b>, σοὶ δὲ θεοὶ τῶνδ' ἀντὶ χάριν . . δοῖεν <span class="bibl">Il.23.650</span>; <b class="b3">νῆσον ἀντὶ χρημάτων παρέλαβον</b> <b class="b2">for</b> money paid, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.59</span>; ἀντ' ἀργυρίου ἀλλάξασθαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span> 371d</span>; ἀμείβειν τι ἀντί τινος <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.17</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>646</span>,<span class="bibl">651</span>; ἀντὶ ποίας εὐεργεσίας; <span class="bibl">Lys.6.40</span>, etc.; τί δ' ἐστὶν ἀνθ' οὗ . .; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>237</span>; ὄνειδος ἀνθ' ὅτου <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OC</span>967</span>; <b class="b3">δοίην ἀντ' ἀνιῶν ἀνίας</b> grief <b class="b2">for</b> grief, <span class="bibl">Thgn.344</span>; ἀντ' ἀγαθῶν ἀγαθοῖσι βρύοις <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>966</span>:—hence ἀνθ' ὧν <b class="b2">wherefore</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>31</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>264</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.6.83</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>12.3</span>; ἀντὶ τούτου <b class="b2">therefore</b>, Ep.Eph.5.31; but <b class="b3">ἀνθ' ὧν</b> also for <b class="b3">ἀντὶ τούτων ὄτι .</b>., <b class="b2">because</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span> 1068</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>434</span>; ἀντὶ τοῦ; <b class="b2">wherefore? why?</b> <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1021</span>; also ἀνθ' ὧν ὅτι ἦτε . . <b class="b2">instead of being as you were .</b>., <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">De.</span>28.62</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">for the sake of</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Mx.</span>237a</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1110a21</span>; with Verbs of entreaty, like [[πρός]] c. gen., ἀντὶ παίδων ἱκετεύομέν σε <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1326</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> to mark comparison, <b class="b3">ἓν ἀνθ' ἑνός</b> one <b class="b2">set against</b> the other, <b class="b2">compared with</b> it, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>331b</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lg.</span>705b</span>; <b class="b3">χάριν ἀντὶ χάριτος</b>, i.e. ever-increasing grace, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Jo.</span>1.16</span>; <b class="b2">in preference to</b>, ἀφνεὸν βούλεται ἀντ' ἀγαθοῦ <span class="bibl">Thgn.188</span>; ἀντὶ αὐλοῦ καὶ ἀντὶ κιθάρας ὁ ἦχος ἀκούεται <span class="bibl">Demetr.<span class="title">Eloc.</span> 71</span>; αἱρεῖσθαί τι ἀντί τινος <span class="bibl">Isoc.9.3</span>, <span class="bibl">D.1.1</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Lac.</span>9.1</span>: even after Comparatives, πλέον ἀντὶ σοῦ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>577</span>; μείζον' ὅστις ἀντὶ τῆς αὑτοῦ πάτρας φίλον νομίζει <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>182</span>; so (esp. after a neg.) ἄλλος ἀντ' ἐμοῦ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>467</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>444</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>653</span>; δόξαν ἀντὶ τοῦ ζῆν ἠγαπηκώς <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Alex.</span>42</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">B</span> POSITION: <b class="b3">ἀντί</b> rarely follows its case, as in <span class="bibl">Il.23.650</span>, <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Ag.</span>1277</span>, <span class="title">Ig</span>5(1).1119 (Geronthrae, iv B.C.), <span class="title">AP</span>7.715 (Leon.); but the Gramm. hold that it never suffers anastrophe. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">C</span> IN COMPOS. it signifies, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b2">over against, opposite</b>, as <b class="b3">ἀντιβαίνω, ἀντίπορος</b>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">against, in opposition to</b>, as <b class="b3">ἀντιλέγω, ἀντίβιος</b>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">one against another, mutually</b>, as <b class="b3">ἀντιδεξιόομαι</b>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">in return</b>, as <b class="b3">ἀντιβοηθέω</b>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b2">instead of</b>, as <b class="b3">ἀντιβασιλεύς, ἀνθύπατος</b>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b2">equal to, like</b>, as <b class="b3">ἀντίθεος, ἀντίπαις, ἀντίδουλος</b>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> <b class="b2">corresponding, counter</b>, as <b class="b3">ἀντίφορτος, ἀντίτυπος</b>.</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-0248.png Seite 248]] praeposit. c. gen. Als adv. findet es sich nicht, da [[ἄντα]], [[ἐναντίον]] dessen Stelle vertreten; über die Vrbdg mit dem bloßen inf ohne τοῦ s. unten. Es steht hinter dem regierten Wort, Il. 28, 650 Aesch. Ag. 1250 u. in einigen anderen Dichterstellen, ohne die Anastrophe zu erleiden, s. Lehrs Quaestt. epice. P. 71 sqq. <b class="b2">Gegenüber</b>, a) örtlich: in dieser Bedeutung wird [[ἀντία]] u. [[ἄντα]] bei Hom. gebraucht, aber nicht [[ἀντί]]; man muß also lesen Od. 4, 115 χλαῖναν ἄντ' ὀφθαλμοῖιν ἀνασχών, = [[ἄντα]], vor beide Augen, nicht ἀντ' ὀφθαλμοῖιν = [[ἀντί]]; Iliad. 21, 481 [[ἀντί]]' [[ἐμεῖο]] στήσεσθαι = [[ἀντία]], nicht [[ἀντί]]; ἄντ' Αἴαντος ἐείσατο 15, 415; ἄντ' ἠελίοιο, gegen die Sonne gekehrt, Hes. O. 725. Vgl. Spitzner exc. XVII. zur Il. Dagegen kann man hierher ziehen ἀνθ' ὧν (δένδρων) ἑστηκότες, hinter den Bäumen stehend, Xen. An. 4, 7, 6. – b) Homerisch ist [[ἀντί]] in der Bdtg »gleich«, [[ἴσος]]; Iliad. 21, 75 [[ἀντί]] [[τοί]] εἰμ' ἱκέταο, Scholl. Aristonic. ἡ [[διπλῆ]] ὅτι ἀντὶ τοῦ [[ἴσος]] ἱκέτῃ [[εἰμί]]; 9, 116 [[ἀντί]] νυπολλῶν λαῶν ἐστὶν ἀνὴρ ὅν τε Ζεὺς κῆρι φιλήσῃ, so viel werth wie viel Volk, vgl. Scholl. Aristonic.; Od. 8, 546 ἀντὶ κασιγνήτου ξεῖνός θ' [[ἱκέτης]] τε τέτυκται, gilt einem Bruder gleich, vgl. Scholl. Ariston. Iliad. 21, 75; Iliad. 8, 163 γυναικος ἄρ' ἀντὶ τέτυξο, wo auch ἀντιτέτυξο u. ἀντετέτυξο u. ἀντ' ἐτέτυξο gelesen wird, vgl. Scholl.; sehr zweifelhaft Iliad. 8. 233, s. unter [[ἄντα]] u. vgl. Lehrs Aristarch. p. 120 sq. Auch in Prosa, ὃν ἀγῶνα ἐγώ φημι ἀντὶ πάντων τῶν [[ἐνθάδε]] ἀγώνων εἶναι, er ist ihnen gleich zu achten, od. noch vorzuziehen, Plat. Gorg. 526 e; δουλεύειν ἀντὶ τῶν ἀργυρωνήτων, wie gekaufte Sklaven, Dem. 17, 3; bes. ἑλέσθαι τι [[ἀντί]] τινος, es nicht bloß gleichsetzen, sondern noch vorziehen, wobei der Gebrauch unter d) zu vergleichen, z. B. ἀντὶ ὧν ἔχω πάντων ἐλευθερίαν ἑλοίμην ἄν Xen. An. 1, 7, 3; Thuc. 4, 20; ἀντὶ πολλῶν χρημάτων Dem. 1, 1; auch ἀγαπᾶν τι [[ἀντί]] τινος Plut. Alex. 42; ἀντὶ παντὸς ἔχειν, d. i. sehr hohen Werth auf etwas legen, C. Graech. 8; ἓν ἀνθ' ἑνός, eins gegen das andere gehalten, d. i. besonders, gerade, z. B. πάντων ἡγούμεθα [[ἄριστον]] ἓν ἀνθ' ἑνός Plat. Phil. 63 c Rep. I, 331 b. Dah. auch nach [[ἄλλος]], w. m. s., u. sogar nach dem comparativ., Soph. Ant. 182 Trach. 574. Ferner bedeutet es – c) einen Uebergang in einen andern Zustand, βελτίους ἐποίησε τοὺς πολίτας ἀντὶ χειρόνων, er machte aus schlechteren bessere Bürger, Plat. Gorg. 515 d; ἀντ' ἐλευθέρων γενόμενοι δοῦλοι, aus Freien Sklaven geworden, Polit. 308 a; πολέμιον ἀντὶ φίλου καταστῆναι, aus einem Freunde ein Feind werden, Her. 1, 87; vgl. Thuc. 1, 86; ἐγίνετο [[φίλος]] [[χρήσιμος]] ἀντὶ ἀχρήστου Xen. Cyr. 8, 1, 11. Aehnl. ἀντὶ τούτων τῶν αἰσχρῶν ὀνομάτων εὐδαίμονες κέκληνται, statt dieser schimpflichen Namen haben sie den der Glücklichen, Plat. Rep. I, 344 b. Allgemein – d) das Eintreten in die Stelle eines Andern: statt; Ἕκτορος ἀντὶ [[πεφάσθαι]], statt des Hektor getödtet sein, Il. 24, 254; [[καί]] κέ τοι ἀντὶ γάμοιο πατὴρ τάφον ἀμφεπονεῖτο Od. 20, 307; ἀμείβειν τι [[ἀντί]] τινος Pind. P. 4, 17; βασιλεύειν ἀντ' ἐκείνου Her. 1, 108; Xen. An. 1, 1, 4; τάφρον ποιεῖν ἀντ' ἐρύματος 1, 7, 16; καθιστάναι [[ἀντί]] τινος Mem. 3, 1, 12; u. dah. beim Preise einer Sache, ἀντ' ἀργυρίου ἀλλάξασθαι, für Geld eintauschen, Plat. Rep. II, 371 a; νῆσον ἀντὶ χρημάτων παρέλαβον Her. 3, 59. Aehnl. ἀντὶ τῶν πολλῶν πόνων σμικρὰ ἀπολαῦσαι, wenig Genuß fürviele Arbeit, Plat. Phaedr. 255 e, u. Sp., wie ἀντὶ βρώσεως μιᾶς ἀπέδοτο τὰ [[πρωτοτόκια]] Matth. 5, 38. Von der Widervergeltung, Hom. Iliad. 23, 650 σοὶ δὲ θεοὶ τῶνδ' ἀντὶ [[χάριν]] μενοεικέα δοῖεν; Od. 22, 290 τοῦτό τοι ἀντὶ ποδὸς ξεινήιον, ὅν ποτ' ἔδωκας Οδυσῆι. So vom jus talienis, ὀφθαλμὸν ἀντὶ όφθαλμοῦ, Auge um Auge, Matth. 5, 28. Aber ἐλάβομεν [[χάριν]] ἀντὶ [[χάριτος]] Ioh. 1, 16 an die Stelle der Gnade immer wieder neue Gnade, womit man Theogn. 342. 344 vgl., wo dem δὸς δέ μοι ἀντὶ κακῶν [[καί]] τι [[παθεῖν]] ἀγαθόν entspricht δοίης δ' ἀντ' ἀνιῶν ἀνίας; – ἀνὴρ ἀντ' ἀνδρὸς λυθείς, Mann gegen Mann, Thuc. 5, 3. So bes. ἀνθ' ὧν für ἀντὶ τούτων, ἅ, z. B. εὖ [[ἔπαθον]], εὖ πεποίημαι, für das Gute, das ich erfahren habe, Xen. An. 1, 3, 4. 6, 1, 48 u. öfter; u. allgem.: dafür daß, z. B. ἀνθ' ὧν ἔθυσεν αὐτήν Soph. El. 565; auch ἀνθ' ὧν ἱκνοῦμαι ὑμᾶς, deshalb, O. C. 1044; ebenso ἀνθ' ὅτου ἡμάρτανον 971; ἀνθ' οὗ ἔχεις ἀθυμίαν Ant. 237; vgl. Aesch. Prom. 31; ἀνθ' ὅτου οἱ θεοὶ νίκην διδόασιν, wofür, Plat. Alc. II, 148 e; ἀντὶ τίνος; weshalb? Lys. 208 e; ἀντὶ τοῦ; Xen. Cyr. 8. 3, 31. – Mit dem inf. gew. = statt, ἀντὶ τοῦ ἀρήγειν Xen. Cyr. 4, 2, 19; vgl. Mem. 1, 2, 64; Her. läßt auch den Artikel aus, also adverbialisch, ἀντὶ δὲ ἄρχεσθαι ὑπ' ἄλλων ἄρχειν ἁπάντων Her. 1, 210; [[γενέσθαι]] ἀντὶ εἶναι νησιώτας ἠπειρώτας 7, 170; vgl. 6, 32; selten: dafür daß; – ἀντὶ παίδων τῶνδε ἱκετεύομεν, um dieser Kinder willen, d. i. bei deinen Kindern flehen wir, Soph. O. C. 1326.