ἄρσην: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, ἡ<b class="b3">, ἄρσεν, τό,</b> gen. <b class="b3">ἄρσενος</b>, Ep., Ion., and Trag.: Att. ἄρρην <span class="title">IG</span>2.678<span class="hiitalic">B</span>55, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>191c</span>, etc.: Aeol., Cret., Epid., and Hdt. ἔρσην, q.v.; <b class="b3">ἀρσ-</b> prevails in LXX and <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">NT</b>, <b class="b3">ἀρρ-</b> is more common in Pap. (exc. Pap. Mag.): nom. ἄρσης <span class="title">IG</span>5(1).364.10 (Lacon.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>465.147</span> (ii A. D.):—<b class="b2">male</b>, μήτε τις οὖν θήλεια θεὸς . . μήτε τις ἄρσην <span class="bibl">Il.8.7</span>; βοῦν . . ἄρσενα <span class="bibl">7.315</span>; ἄρσενες ἵπποι <span class="bibl">23.377</span>, etc.; ἄρσην σπορά <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>503</span>; νηδύς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ba.</span>527</span> (lyr.) (of the birth of Bacchus); γονή Hp.<span class="title">Genit.</span>7: <b class="b3">ἄρσην, ὁ,</b> or <b class="b3">ἄρσεν, τό,</b> <b class="b2">the male</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>861</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Supp.</span> 393</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>665c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Smp.</span>191c</span>, etc.; Ἀπόλλωνι . . θῆλυ καὶ ἄρσεν . . προσέρδειν <span class="title">IG</span>12(8).358 (Thasos, v B. C.); οἱ ἄρσενες <b class="b2">the male sex</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.45</span>; τὸ ἄρσεν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>737</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">masculine</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Supp.</span>951</span>; φρένες <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>1204</span>: metaph., <b class="b2">mighty</b>, κτύπος ἄρσην πόντου <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span> 1455</span> (lyr.); Ἀχέροντος ἄρσενας χοάς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>480.3</span>; ἄρσην βοή <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span> 125</span> (lyr.); ἄ. φθόγγοι <span class="bibl">Aristid.Quint.2.12</span>; of plants, <b class="b2">robust, coarse</b>, opp. <b class="b3">θῆλυς</b> (<b class="b2">tender, delicate</b>), <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>3.9.3</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">2.2.6</span>, Dsc.3.1, al., <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1196</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> of gender of nouns, <b class="b2">masculine</b>, ὀνόματα <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span> 682</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> of sex in plants, ἀπὸ τοῦ ἄρρενος τοῖς θήλεσι βοήθεια <span class="bibl">Thphr. <span class="title">HP</span>2.8.4</span>:—but also, <b class="b2">coarse, tough</b>, <b class="b3">γογγυλίς</b> ib.<span class="bibl">7.4.3</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">3.9.3</span>: Comp. form ἀρρέντερος (cf. [[θηλύτερος]]) <b class="b3">, κὰ τὠρρέντερον γένος</b> in the <b class="b2">male</b> line, <span class="title">IG</span>5(2).262.21(Mantinea, v B. C.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> Adv. ἀρρένως Diog. ap. Stob. 4.44.71. (Occurs without <b class="b3">ϝ-</b> on Cret. Inscrr. which preserve <b class="b3">ϝ-</b>; cf. Skt. <b class="b2">ṛṣabhás</b> 'bull', Avest. <b class="b2">aršan-</b> 'man'.)</span>

|etymtx=-ενος<br />Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: [[male]] (Il.).<br />Dialectal forms: Att. <b class="b3">ἄρρην</b>, Ion., Lesb., Cret. <b class="b3">ἔρσην</b>, Lac. <b class="b3">ἄρσης</b><br />Derivatives: <b class="b2">Compar.</b> <b class="b3">ἀρρέντερος</b> [[male]] (Arc.), <b class="b3">ἐρσεναίτερος</b> (El.), after <b class="b3">θηλύτερος</b>?<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [81] <b class="b2">*uers-</b> [[male]]?<br />Etymology: With <b class="b3">ἔρσην</b> cf. Av. OPers. <b class="b2">aršan-</b> [[man]], [[male]]; <b class="b3">ἄρσην</b>, <b class="b3">ἄρρην</b> will have zero grade, and is compared with Skt. <b class="b2">r̥ṣa-bhá-</b> [[bull]]. Doubtful is the connection with Skt. <b class="b2">árṣati</b> [[flow]]. Further there is Skt. <b class="b2">vŕ̥ṣan-</b> (to <b class="b2">várṣati</b> [[rain]]? s. on [[ἔρση]], [[οὑρανός]], [[οὑρέω]]); cf. Benveniste BSL 45, 100ff. - The difficulty is that an IE root cannot have vocalic anlaut; and <b class="b2">h₁</b> would have given <b class="b3">ἐ-</b> throughout, and <b class="b2">h₂</b> <b class="b3">ἀ-</b>. Therefore the word must have had <b class="b3">Ϝ-</b>; thus Peters, Lar. 9f. - Cf. [[ἀρνειός]], [[ἀρνευτήρ]].