ἆρα: Difference between revisions

|Definition=interrog. Particle, implying <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">anxiety</b> or <b class="b2">impatience</b>, = Ep. and Lyr. <b class="b3">ἦ ῥα</b>: </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> alone, it simply marks the question, the nature of which is determined by the context: e.g. in <span class="bibl">D.35.44</span> a <b class="b2">negative</b> answer is implied in the question <b class="b3">ἆρ' ἂν οἴεσθε</b> . . ; but an <b class="b2">affirmative</b> in <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.6.4</span> <b class="b3">ἆ. βέβληκα δὶς ἐφεξῆς;</b> cf. <b class="b3">ἆρ' εὐτυχεῖς . . ἢ δυστυχεῖς</b>; <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>424</span>.—To make it plainly neg., we have <b class="b3">ἆ. μή</b> . . ; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>208</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>64c</span>; and to make it plainly affirmative, <b class="b3">ἆρ' οὐ; ἆρ' οὐχί</b>; <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">OC</span>791</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OT</span>540</span>; <b class="b3">ἆρ' οὐχ οὕτως</b>; <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>11d</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ἆ. οὖν;</b> is used to draw an affirmative inference, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Grg.</span>477a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">La.</span>190b</span>; also when a neg. answer is expected, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Chrm.</span>159b</span>; with a neg., <b class="b3">ἆρ' οὖν οὐ</b> . . ; <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>263a</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> in <b class="b3">ἆρά γε</b>, each Particle retains its force, γε serving to make the question more definite, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>546</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.5.4</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> less freq. with <b class="b3">τίς</b> interrog., τίνος ποτ' ἆρ' ἔπραξε χειρί <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>905</span>; <b class="b3">τίδ' ἆρ' ἐγὼ σέ</b>; <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>1228</span>; τίς ἆρ' ὁ φεύγων; <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>893</span>; with <b class="b3">ἤν</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Rh.</span>118</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> in indirect questions, <b class="b3">σκεψώμεθα τοῦτο ἆ</b>… <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>70e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>526c</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ph.</span>204b3</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> in Poets sts. like [[ἄρα]], <span class="bibl">Archil.86</span>,<span class="bibl">89</span>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.78</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>3</span>; τοιοῖσδε χρησμοῖς ἆ. χρὴ πεποιθέναι; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>297</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">435</span>; τῷ δὲ ξιφήρης ἆρ' ὑφειστήκει λόχος <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Andr.</span>1114</span>: in exclamations, βραδεῖαν ἡμᾶς ἆρ' ὁ τήνδε τὴν ὁδὸν πέμπων ἔπεμψεν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>738</span>; ὀδυνηρὸς ἆρ' ὁ πλοῦτος <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>566</span>, cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>1229</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Hipp.</span>1086</span>; ἦ δεινὸν ἆρ' ἦν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>931</span>; ἔμελλόν σ' ἆ. κινήσειν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span> 1301</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ach.</span>347</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">B</span> In Prose, <b class="b3">ἆ</b>. almost always stands first in the sentence, but cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>467e</span>; <b class="b3">καὶ ὑπὲρ τούτων ἆ</b>. . . <span class="bibl">Jul.<span class="title">Or.</span>2.61c</span>: in Poetry greater licence is taken, v. supr. <span class="bibl">1.4</span>,<span class="bibl">11</span>.</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-0342.png Seite 342]] (dasselbe Wort mit verstärktem Ton), Fragepartikel, Pind. u. Att., worauf meist eine verneinende Antwort erwartet wird; häufig noch durch μή verstärkt, so daß ἆρα μή; doch wohl nicht? = μῶν ist, u. darauf οὐκ ἔστι geantwortet wird, Soph. El. 433; zuweilen hat eine solche Frage einen ironischen Anstrich: doch nicht gar? – ἆρ' οὐ läßt aber eine bejahende Antwort erwarten, Plat. Prot. 330 c 354 a u. sonst: zuweilen auch das bloße ἆρα, Xen. Cyr. 4, 6, 4. 7, 5, 40. Es fängt auch eine Doppelfrage an, so daß ἤ folgt, Plat. Phaed. 91 d Conv. 199 d; – ἆρ' οὖν οὐ παντὶ δῆλον Plat. Phaedr. 263 a, ist es nun nicht also? wird wie οὕκουν auch in affirmativen Sätzen gebraucht, so daß die Frage zurücktritt, vgl. Gorg 477 a u. Herm. zu Soph. Ant. 826; ἆρ' οὖν μὴ καὶ ἡμῖν ἐναντιώσεται Xen. An. 7, 6, 5. – Oft geht die Frage in eine Betheuerung über, ὀδυνηρὸς ἆρ' ὁ πλοῦτος Eur. Phoen. 569; vgl. Valck. – In Prosa steht ἆρα stets im Anfang des Satzes; bei Dichtern wird es auch nachgesetzt, vgl. Soph. Ant. 628 Ai. 726. Ueber die Vertauschung mit ἄρα bei Dichtern s. Herm. praef. O. C. p XVI ff. der die einfache Bdtg <b class="b2">also</b> dem ἆρα abspricht; vgl. jedoch Ar. Vesp. 839 Av. 91; Eur. Phoen. 1669; Soph. El. 1170 Ai. 959; – ἆρά γε vrbdt Xen. Mem. 1, 5, 4. 3, 2, 6 u. sonst; Dem. 17, 18; D. Hal. 4, 80.