ἔπος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=older ϝέπος <span class="title">SIG</span>9 (v. infr.), etc., εος, τό (Skt. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">vácas</b> 'word', 'hymn', cf. [[εἶπον]]): </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> <b class="b2">word</b>, <b class="b3">παύρῳ ἔπει</b> in short <b class="b2">utterance</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span> 13.98</span> ; ἐπέων κόσμος <span class="bibl">Parm.8.52</span>, <span class="bibl">Democr.21</span> ; ἔπους σμικροῦ χάριν <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">OC</span>443</span> ; λόγοι ἔπεσι κοσμηθέντες <span class="bibl">Th.3.67</span> : generally, <b class="b2">that which is uttered in words, speech, tale</b>, ἔπος ἐρέειν <span class="bibl">Il.3.83</span>, etc.; φάσθαι <span class="bibl">Xenoph. 7.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Parm.1.23</span>, etc.; joined with <b class="b3">μῦθος</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.597</span>, <span class="bibl">11.561</span>.—Special uses, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b2">song</b> or <b class="b2">lay accompanied by music</b>, <span class="bibl">8.91</span>,<span class="bibl">17.519</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">pledged word, promise</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.8.8</span> ; <b class="b3">τελέσαι ἔπος</b> fulfil, keep <b class="b2">one's word</b>, <span class="bibl">14.44</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>1033</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">word in season, counsel</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.1.216</span>, <span class="bibl">2.807</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.18.166</span>, etc.; freq. in Trag., <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>513</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">word of a deity, oracle</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.12.266</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.13</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b2">saying, proverb</b>, τὸ παλαιὸν ἔπος <span class="bibl">Id.7.51</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>507</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b2">word</b>, opp. <b class="b2">deed</b>, <b class="b3">ἔπε' ἀκράαντα</b> <b class="b2">words</b> of none effect, opp. <b class="b3">ἔτυμα</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.19.565</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>111</span> (lyr.); opp. <b class="b3">ἔργον</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.15.234</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.2.272</span>, etc., cf. <span class="bibl">11.1</span> ; αἴτε ϝέπος αἴτε ϝάργον <span class="title">SIG</span>9 (Elis, vi B.C.); opp. <b class="b3">βίη</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.15.106</span> ; opp. <b class="b3">χεῖρες</b>, <span class="bibl">1.77</span> (pl.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> <b class="b2">subject of a speech, message</b>, <span class="bibl">11.652</span>, <span class="bibl">17.701</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span> 1144</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> later usages, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> joined with <b class="b3">ἔργον</b> or πρᾶγμα <span class="bibl">Heraclit.1</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>174</span> (troch.), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>39</span>, etc.; ἔργῳ τε καὶ ἔπει <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Lg.</span>879c</span> ; ἅμα ἔπος τε καὶ ἔργον ἐποίεε <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.134</span> ; χρηστὰ ἔργα καὶ ἔπεα ποιέειν <span class="bibl">Id.1.90</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">κατ' ἔπος</b> <b class="b2">word by word</b>, κατ' ἔ. βασανιεῖν φησι τὰς τραγῳδίας <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>802</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">πρὸς ἔπος</b> at <b class="b2">the first word</b>, <span class="bibl">Luc. <span class="title">Ep.Sat.</span>37</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b2">word</b> in exchange for <b class="b2">word</b>, <b class="b3">ἀμείβεσθαι, ἀποκρίνεσθαι</b>, of an oracle, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Alex.</span>19</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Philops.</span>38</span> ; also ἔ. δ' ἀμείβου πρὸς ἔ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span> 586</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1375</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Sph.</span>217d</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b3">οὐδὲν πρὸς ἔ</b>. to no <b class="b2">purpose</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>751</span> ; also, nothing to <b class="b2">the purpose</b>, ἐὰν μηδὲν πρὸς ἔ. ἀποκρίνωμαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthd.</span>295c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Herm.</span>36</span> ; <b class="b3">τί πρὸς ἔπος</b>; <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>18d</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν</b> <b class="b2">almost, practically</b>, qualifying a too absolute expression, esp. with <b class="b3">πᾶς</b> and <b class="b3">οὐδείς</b> (not with metaphors), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>17a</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phd.</span> 78e</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Grg.</span>456a</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>1009b16</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pol.</span>1252b29</span>, <span class="bibl">D.9.47</span>, etc. ; opp. <b class="b3">ὄντως</b> or <b class="b3">ἀκριβεῖ λόγῳ</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>656e</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>341b</span> ; later ὡς ἔ. ἐστὶν εἰπεῖν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>67.14</span>(iv A.D.) ; in Trag., ὡς εἰπεῖν ἔ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>714</span>(troch.), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>167</span>,<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Hipp.</span>1162</span>, once in <span class="bibl">Pl.,<span class="title">Lg.</span>967b</span>(s.v.l.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">ἑνὶ ἔπει</b> in one <b class="b2">word, briefly</b>, ἑνὶ ἔπεϊ πάντα συλλαβόντα λέγειν <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.82</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> of single <b class="b2">words</b>, esp. with ref. to etymology or usage, <span class="bibl">Id.2.30</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Nu.</span>638</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>339a</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ὀρθότης ἐπῶν</b>,=<b class="b3">ὀρθοέπεια</b> (q.v.), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span> 1181</span> ; <b class="b3">ἄριστ' ἐπῶν ἔχον</b> ib.<span class="bibl">1161</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> in pl., <b class="b2">epic poetry</b>, opp. <b class="b3">μέλη</b> (lyric poetry), <b class="b3">ἰαμβεῖα, διθύραμβοι</b>, etc., ῥαπτῶν ἐπέων ἀοιδοί <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>2.2</span> ; τὰ Κύπρια ἔπεα <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.117</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.1.3</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>1.4.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>379a</span>, etc. ; ἔπεά τε ποιεῖν πρὸς λύραν τ' ἀείδειν <span class="bibl">Theoc.<span class="title">Ep.</span>21.6</span> ; νικήσας ἔπος <span class="title">IG</span>3.1020 ; <b class="b3">ποητὴς ἐπῶν</b> ib.7.3197.9 (Orchom. Boeot.), cf. <span class="title">OGI</span>51.37 (Egypt, iii B.C.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> generally, <b class="b2">poetry</b>, even lyrics, <span class="bibl">Alcm.25</span>(prob.), <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>3.8</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> <b class="b2">lines, verses</b>, esp. of spoken <b class="b2">lines</b> in the drama, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>862</span>, <span class="bibl">956</span>, etc. : sg., <b class="b2">verse, line</b> of poetry, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.29</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Min.</span> 319d</span> ; <b class="b2">group of verses</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>386c</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.143</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">d</span> <b class="b2">lines</b> of writing, μυρίων ἐπῶν μῆκος <span class="bibl">Isoc.12.136</span> ; <b class="b3">ἐν ὅλοις ἑπτὰ ἔπεσι παραδραμεῖν</b>, of a historian, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Hist.Conscr.</span>28</span>.</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-1009.png Seite 1009]] (eigtl. Fεποσ, s. Inscr. 11), τό, 11 das Gesagte, Gesprochene, das <b class="b2">Wort</b>, jede mündliche Aeußerung, auch mehrere zu einem Ganzen verbundene Wörter, die <b class="b2">Rede, Erzählung</b>, bes. häufig bei Hom., der das später übliche [[λόγος]] nur zweimal gebraucht, im sing. u. plur.; ἐσθλὸν δ' [[οὔτε]] τί πω εἶπες [[ἔπος]] Il. 1, 108; κακὸν [[ἔπος]] ἀγγέλλειν 17, 701; ἔπεα πτερόεντα προσηύδα, auch δόλια, μαλακά, μειλίχια; mit μῦθος verbunden, Od. 4, 597. 11, 561, εἰπεῖν, [[φάσθαι]], αὐδᾶν, φράζεσθαι, μυθεῖσθαι u. ä., s. diese Verba. Auch der Gesang od. gesangweise vorgetragene Erzählungen, Od. 8, 91. 17, 519. – So bei allen Dichtern häufig, Aesch. [[ἔπος]] ἐκρίπτειν, ἐκβάλλειν, [[λακεῖν]], φάσκειν u. ä., s. die einzelnen Verba. –<b class="b2"> Wortim</b> Ggstz der That, Ζεῦ πάτερ [[εἴποτε]] δή σε – ὄνησα ἢ ἔπει ἢ ἔργῳ, Il. 1, 503. 15, 234; Ἀλκινόου δ' ἐκ τοῦδ' ἔχεται [[ἔργον]] τε [[ἔπος]] τε Od. 11, 346; μή σε δὶς φράσαι μήτ' [[ἔπος]] μ ήτ' [[ἔργον]] Aesch. Pers. 170; in Prosa, ἔργῳ τε καὶ ἔπει Plat. Legg. IX, 879 c, vgl. Rep. VI, 494 e; ἅμα [[ἔπος]] τε καὶ [[ἔργον]] ἐποίεε Her. 3, 135, ἐπαφρόδιτα καὶ ἔπη καὶ ἔργα Xen. Conv. 8, 15; vgl. Thuc. 2, 41; λόγοι ἔπεσι κοσμ ηθέντες, mit Schmuck der Worte, 3, 67, vgl. τοιαῦθ' ἁμαρτάνουσιν ἐν λόγοις ἔπη Soph. Tr. 1075, sonst ist das einzelne <b class="b2">Wortin</b> Prosa [[ῥῆμα]] oder [[ὄνομα]], auch verbunden ὀνόματα καὶ ῥήματα, die <b class="b2">Rede</b> [[λόγος]]. – Auch im Ggstz von βίη u. [[χείρ]], Il. 1, 77. 15, 106, dah. auch mit dem Nebenbegriff des Eitlen, Nichtigen, ἐστάλην ἰηλέμων γόων [[ἀοιδός]], ἔπεα μόνον καὶ [[δόκημα]] νυκτερωπόν Eur. Herc. Fur. 111, vgl. 229. Aber στεῦται γάρ τι [[ἔπος]] εἰπεῖν Ἅκτωρ, ein Wort, das der Rede werth ist, mit Nachdruck, Il. 3, 83. – Bes. merke man noch bei Hom. – al das gegebene Wort, Zusage, Versprechen, Il. 8, 8; τελεῖν [[ἔπος]], sein Wort erfüllen, 14, 44; vgl. [[πᾶν]] [[ἔπος]] τελεῖ Aesch. Prom. 1035. – b) der Ausspruch eines Gottes, Sehers, Orakelspruch, μάντιος Od. 12, 262; auch Tragg., wie Soph. O. R. 89 Tr. 819; vgl. Her. 1, 13. 7, 143; einzeln bei Sp. – c) Gerücht, κωφὰ καὶ παλαί ἔπη Soph. O. R. 290. – d) übh. ein inhaltreiches Wort, Spruch, Sentenz, Sprichwort, Ar. Av. 507; ὡς [[ἔπος]] εἰπεῖν (selten in anderer Stellung, wie des Verses wegen ὡς εἰπεῖν [[ἔπος]] Aesch. Pers. 7; vgl. Plat. Legg. XII, 967 c) theils: wie man zu sagen pflegt, so zu sagen, ohne Genauigkeit od. Bestimmtheit, nur ungefähr es mit einem Worte auszudrücken, um mich so auszudrücken, wenn ich so sagen darf (Lob. Paralipp. 60, bes. nach allgemeinen, umfassenden Ausdrücken, πᾶς, [[οὐδείς]], [[ὅλος]], um anzudeuten, das Wort sei nicht so streng zu nehmen), dah. Plat. Rep. I, 341 d τὸν ὡς [[ἔπος]] εἰπεῖν ἢ τὸν ἀκριβεῖ λόγῳ entgegengesetzt, wie [[ὄντως]] Legg. II, 656 e; vgl. λευκὴν οὐχ ὡς εἰπεῖν [[ἔπος]], ἀλλὰ καὶ χιόνος καὶ γάλακτος [[πλέον]] λευκήν, d. i. nicht im gew. Sinne des Wortes, Ael. H. A. 4, 36; theils: um es gerad heraus zu sagen, um die Wahrheit, um es kurz zu sagen, διαπεπόρθηται τὰ Περσῶν πράγμαθ' ὡς [[ἔπος]] εἰπεῖν Aesch. Pers. 700; Ἱππόλυτος οὐκέτ' ἐστὶν ὡς [[ἔπος]] εἰπεῖν Eur. Hipp. 1162; Plat.; Her. ἑνὶ ἔπεϊ πάντα συλλαβόντα εἰπεῖν 3, 82; – [[ἔπος]] ἀμείβου πρὸς [[ἔπος]] ἐν μέρει τιθείς Aesch. Eum. 556; vgl. [[ἔπος]] πρὸς [[ἔπος]] ἠρειδόμεσθα Ar. Nubb. 1375; [[ἔπος]] πρὸς [[ἔπος]] ποιεῖσθαι τὴν συνουσίαν Plat. Soph. 217 d. Collektiv παύρῳ ἔπει, mit wenig Worten, Pind. Ol. 13, 98; ἔπους σμικροῦ [[χάριν]] Soph. O. C. 443. – 2) der Inhalt der Rede, <b class="b2">Sache</b>, oft im Deutschen geradezu durch <b class="b2">eszu</b> übersetzen, Il. 11, 652. 17, 701. 22, 454 u. öfter; πρὸς τί τοῦτο [[τοὔπος]] ἱστορεῖς, wozu erzählst du das? Soph. O. R. 1144; τί πρὸς [[ἔπος]] αὖ ταῦτ' ἐστίν; Plat. Phil. 18 d, wie gehört das zur Sache? ἐὰν μηδὲν πρὸς [[ἔπος]] ἀποκρίνωμαι, falls ich nichts zur Sache Gehöriges antworten sollte, Euthyd. 295 c; οὐδὲν πρὸς [[ἔπος]] ταῦτά φασιν, nicht zur Sache gehörig, Luc. Philops. 1; a. Sp.; vgl. Ar. οὐ γὰρ τὸν ἐμὸν ἱδρῶτα καὶ φειδωλίαν οὐδὲν πρὸς [[ἔπος]] [[οὕτως]] ἀνοήτως ἐκβαλῶ, Eccl. 751, um Nichts und wider Nichts, umsonst. – 3) τὰ ἔπη, das in Hexametern abgefaßte Heldengedicht, episches Gedicht, Ὁμηρίδαι ῥαπτῶν ἐπ έων ἀοιδοί Pind. N. 2, 2; τὰ Κύπρια ἔπεα Her. 2, 117; Thuc. 1, 3. 3, 104, von einzelnen Versen aus Homer; Plat. Rep. II, 379 a ἐάν τέ τις αὐτὸν ἐν ἔπεσι ποιῇ, ἐάν τε ἐν μέλεσιν, ἐάν τε ἐν τραγῳδίᾳ; Phaedr. 241 e ὅτι [[ἤδη]] ἔπη [[φθέγγομαι]] ἀλλ' [[οὐκέτι]] διθυράμβους; wie bei Thuc. von einem einzelnen Hexameter, ἀπὸ τοῦδε τοῦ ἔπους ἀρξάμενοι Rep. III, 386 c; ἐν ἰαμβείοις καὶ ἐν ἔπεσιν X, 602 b; λέγουσι δύο ἔπη εἰς τὸν Ἄρωτα Phaedr. 252 b. Uebh. Gedicht, Xen. Hem. 1, 2, 21; außer dem Hexameter von elegischen Versen, Distichen, auch übh. Vers, Ar. Th. 412; allgemeiner, Zeile, οὐδ' ἢν μυρίων ἐπῶν ᾐ τὸ [[μῆκος]] Isocr. 12, 136; ὅσαι μυριάδες ἐπῶν Luc. hist. conscr. 19; vgl. Schäfer zu D. Hal. C. V. p. 30.