κάτω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Adv., (κατά): <span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> with Verbs implying Motion, [[downwards]], ἐπισκύνιον κ. ἕλκεται <span class="bibl">Il.17.136</span>; κ. ὁρόων <span class="bibl">Od.23.91</span>; κατὰ τείχεος κ. ῥίπτειν <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.53</span>; κατώρυξέν με κατὰ τῆς γῆς κ. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>238</span>; χώρει κ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>74</span>; κ. δάκρυ' εἰβομένη <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>527</span> (anap.), cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>384</span>; esp. of the nether world, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>839</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>197</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">κ. βλέπειν, φέρεσθαι</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>500b</span>, <span class="bibl">584e</span>; <b class="b3">κ. διεχώρει αὐτοῖς</b> they suffered from diarrhoea, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>4.8.20</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Epid.</span>5.20</span>; <b class="b3">φάρμακον πῖσαι κ</b>. give a purgative, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aff.</span>32</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">15</span>; <b class="b3">κ. βοηθεῖν</b> go [[down]] to help, <span class="bibl">D.32.5</span>; for <b class="b3">ἄνω καὶ κάτω, ἄνω κάτω</b>, etc., v. [[ἄνω]] (B) A. 11.2. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[downwards]], in a chain of causes, ἐπὶ τὸ κ. ἰέναι <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>994a19</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> c. gen., <b class="b2">down from</b>, πετρῶν ὦσαι κ. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>448</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> with Verbs implying Rest (so more freq. in Prose), <b class="b2">beneath, below</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ἄνω</b>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>301</span>, etc.: ὁ τόπος ὁ κ. καλούμενος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>112c</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b2">in the world below</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>660</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OC</span>1563</span> (lyr.), etc.; <b class="b3">οἱ κ</b>. <b class="b2">the dead</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>865</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ant.</span>75</span>, etc.; οἱ κ. θεοί <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">El.</span>292</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>851</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> geographically <b class="b2">below, southward</b>, Hdt., v. [[ἄνω]] (B) A. 11.1e; also <b class="b3">κ. οἰκεῖν</b> to dwell <b class="b2">on the coast</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.7</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ κ</b>., opp. <b class="b3">οἱ τὴν μεσόγειαν κατῳκημένοι</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">120</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ. κ. Γαλατία</b> [[lower]] Galatia, Plu <span class="title">Aem.</span>9, etc.; βασιλεὺς τῶν τε ἄνω καὶ τῶν κ. χωρῶν <span class="title">OGI</span>90.3 (Rosetta, ii B.C.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">d</span> in the race-course, <b class="b3">τὰ κ</b>. <b class="b2">the starting-place</b>, opp. <b class="b3">τὰ ἄνω</b> (the goal), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>613b</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">e</span> <b class="b3">τὰ κ. τῶν μελῶν</b> <b class="b2">the lower</b> limbs of the body, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span>794d</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ κ. κοιλία</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ἡ ἄνω</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mete.</span>360b24</span>.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">PA</span>676a5</span>; <b class="b3">περὶ τὰ κ. χωρεῖν</b> <b class="b2">miscarry, fail</b>, <span class="bibl">Luc. <span class="title">Ind.</span>1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">f</span> of Time, <b class="b2">afterwards, later</b>, <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">VH</span>5.13</span>; οἱ κ. χρόνοι <span class="bibl">Plu. <span class="title">Cor.</span>25</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ κ</b>., opp. <b class="b3">οἱ πάλαι</b>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>1</span>; <b class="b3">τοῦ χρόνου κ</b>. [[later]] in time, <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">VH</span>3.17</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">NA</span>2.18</span>; <b class="b3">Δαρεῖος ὁ κ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">6.48</span>; cf. [[ἄνω]] (B) A.11.1i. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">g</span> in Logic, <b class="b3">τὰ κ</b>. <b class="b2">the lower members</b> in a descending series of genera and species, Arist.<span class="title">AP</span>0.97a31, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Metaph.</span>992a18</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> c. gen., <b class="b2">under, below</b>, <b class="b3">κ. χθονός, γῆς</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>1023</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>968</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> Comp. <b class="b3">κατωτέρω</b> <b class="b2">lower, downwards</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>70</span>, <span class="bibl">Alex.173.2</span>: c. gen., <b class="b2">lower than, below</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.132</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> Sup. <b class="b3">κατωτάτω</b> <b class="b2">at the lowest part</b>, τὰ κ. <span class="bibl">Id.2.125</span> (but in signf. <span class="bibl">11</span>.g, <span class="bibl">Phld.<span class="title">Sign.</span>29</span>).</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-01-1406.png Seite 1406]] 1) [[hinab]], hinunter, nach unten zu; ἧστο [[κάτω]] ὁρόων Od. 23, 91; [[πᾶν]] δέ τ' [[ἐπισκύνιον]] [[κάτω]] ἕλκεται Il. 17, 136; πόλλ' ἄνω τὰ δ' αὖ [[κάτω]] κυλίνδοντ' ἐλπίδες, auf- u. abwärts, Pind. Ol. 12, 6; ἐγὼ δ' [[ἄπειμι]] γῆς ὑπὸ ζόφον [[κάτω]] Aesch. Pers. 825; τὰ δ' ἄλλα πάντ' ἄνω τε καὶ [[κάτω]] στρέφων Eum. 620, vgl. ἄνω; so bei Soph. u. A.; bes. in die Unterwelt hinab, ἃ τοῖς ἀρίστοις ἔρχεται [[κάτω]] νεκροῖς Soph. Ant. 197, vgl. 520; auch [[κάτω]] [[δάκρυ]]' εἰβομένη, 523; vgl. Ar. Ran. 476; [[κάτω]] βλέπειν, φέρεσθαι, Plat. Rep VI, 500 b IX, 584 e; [[κάτω]] διεχώρει αὐτοῖς, et ging unten durch, sie hatten den Durchfall, Xen. An. 4, 8, 20. – Auch c. gen., πετρῶν ὦσαι [[κάτω]] Eur. Cycl. 452, vom Felsen herab; κατὰ τῆς γῆς [[κάτω]] Ar. Plut. 238, wie κατὰ τείχεος [[κάτω]] ῥίπτειν Her. 8, 53. – 2) [[unten]], unterwärts; Hes. Th. 301; in der Unterwelt, τὰν παγκευθῆ [[κάτω]] νεκρῶν πλάκα Soph. O. C. 1559, öfter; οἱ [[κάτω]] θεοί El. 284; οἷα τοῖς [[κάτω]] νομίζεται 319, öfter, die Todten; Ai. 852 Ant. 75; [[εἶμι]] τῶν [[κάτω]] Κόρης ἄνακτός τ' εἰς ἀνηλίους δόμους Eur. Alc. 851; – τὰ [[κάτω]] τῶν μελῶν Plat. Legg. VII, 794 d; οἱ [[κάτω]], die am Meeresufer, an der Küste wohnen, Ggstz οἱ τὴν μεσόγειαν κατῳκημένοι, Thuc. 1, 120; Ἰωνίης τὰ [[κάτω]] Her. 1, 143; τὸ κ. καὶ πρὸς θαλάσσῃ Plut. Phoc. 28. – In der Rennbahn, von den Schranken an, Plat. Rep. X, 613 b. – 3) von der Zeit, <b class="b2">nachher, später</b>; [[κάτω]] τοῦ χρόνου Ael. V. H. 3, 17; ἐπὶ Θησέως καὶ τῶν Κοδριδῶν [[κάτω]] 5, 13; Ggstz τῶν [[πάλαι]] μὲν – τῶν [[κάτω]] δέ, die Folgenden, Neueren, Luc. Lipp. 1; – ἡ [[κάτω]] [[συλλαβή]], die folgende Sylbe, E. M. – Compar. κατωτέρω; Plat. Phaed. 112 d; κατωτέρω τοῦ Ταρτάρου 113 h; vgl. Ar. Ran. 69; das adj. [[κατώτερος]] u. superl. [[κατώτατος]] s. unten; κατωτάτω Sp.; οἱ κατώτατα ἑστεῶτες Her. 8, 23; μικρὸν κατώτερον τοῦ στόματος Arist. H. A. 6, 10. – Vgl. [[κάτωθεν]].