νικάω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Ion. νικέω <span class="bibl">Democr.249</span>, <span class="bibl">Herod.1.51</span>, also <span class="title">GDI</span>1413.16 (Aetol.), <span class="title">SIG</span>265.4 (Delph., iv B.C.), v.l. in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Apoc.</span>2.7</span>; Aeol. νίκημι <span class="bibl">Theoc.7.40</span>, <span class="title">AP</span>7.743 (Antip.); also in impf. <b class="b3">νίκη</b> cj. in <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>5.5</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Theoc.6.46</span>: Ep. impf. 1pl. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> νικάσκομεν <span class="bibl">Od.11.512</span>: fut. <b class="b3">-ήσω</b>, later -ήσομαι Hierocl.<span class="title">Facet.</span>205; Dor. 2sg. <b class="b3">νικαξῇ</b> v.l. in <span class="bibl">Theoc.21.32</span>: pf. <b class="b3">νενίκηκα</b>, etc.: (νίκη): </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> abs., <b class="b2">conquer, prevail</b> in battle, in the games, or in any contest, <span class="bibl">Il.3.439</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ὁ νικήσας</b> the [[conqueror]], ib. <span class="bibl">138</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>5.9</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ὁ νικηθείς</b> the [[conquered]], <span class="bibl">Il.23.656</span>,<span class="bibl">663</span>; <b class="b3">ἐνίκησα καὶ δεύτερος καὶ τέταρτος ἐγενόμην</b> I <b class="b2">won the first prize</b> [at Olympia], etc., <span class="bibl">Th.6.16</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Isoc.16.33</span>: pres.freq. in sense, <b class="b2">to be</b> (or <b class="b2">be proclaimed) conqueror</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>9.112</span>, <span class="bibl">13.30</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.2.27</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">An.</span>2.1.1</span>; <b class="b3">νικᾶν πᾶσι τοῖς κριταῖς</b> or <b class="b3">ἑνὶ κριτῇ</b> in their opinion, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>445</span>, <span class="bibl">447</span>; <b class="b3">πολὺ ν</b>. [[win]] a decisive [[victory]], <span class="bibl">Th.7.34</span>, etc.; τὰ πάντα ν. X.<span class="title">An.</span> l.c.: freq. c. dat. modi, <b class="b3">πυγμῇ</b> [[in]] boxing, <span class="bibl">Il.23.669</span>; ναυμαχίῃ <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.10</span>.<b class="b3">β'</b>; ἵππῳ <span class="bibl">Id.6.122</span>; μάχῃ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1143</span>, etc.; ἵππῳ ἢ συνωρίδι ἢ ζεύγει <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>36d</span>; λαμπάδι <span class="bibl">And.4.42</span>, etc.: c. acc. cogn. in same sense, <b class="b3">πάντα ἐνίκα</b> he [[won]] all the bouts, <span class="bibl">Il.4.389</span>, <span class="bibl">5.807</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ κοῦφα, τὰ μείζοναν</b>., <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>1029</span>, <span class="bibl">1031</span>; τῶν παλαισμάτων ἓν ν. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>256b</span>; ἅρμα ν. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>4(3).25</span>; παγκράτιον <span class="bibl">Th.5.49</span>; <b class="b3">ναυμαχίαν, μάχας</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.7.66</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.12.257</span>, etc.: freq. <b class="b3">ν. Ὀλύμπια</b> <b class="b2">to be conqueror</b> in the Olympian games, <span class="bibl">Th.1.126</span>; τὠλύμπια <span class="bibl">Timocl.8.17</span>; τὰ Παναθήναια <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ion</span>530b</span>; ν. Ὀλυμπιάδα <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.33</span> (also ν. Ὀλυμπίασιν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>36d</span>; ἐν Πυθίοισι <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>2.9</span>): c. dat. et acc., τὰ Πύθια τῷ τεθρίππῳ ν. <span class="bibl">D.59.33</span>; <b class="b3">πολλοὺς ἀγῶνας οὐ παγκρατίῳ μόνον, κτλ</b>., Plu.2.811d; <b class="b3">Ὀλυμπίασι παῖδας στάδιον ν</b>. [[conquer]] in the boys' race in the stadium at Olympia, <span class="bibl">D.58.66</span>: c. dupl. acc., <b class="b3">Πύθια ν. ἄνδρας</b> Diog.Cyn. ap. <span class="bibl">D.L.6.33</span>: also in Att. Inscrr. c. gen., Λεωντὶς ἀνδρῶν ἐνίκα <span class="title">IG</span>2.1291, al.: generally c. acc. cogn., <b class="b3">νίκην ν</b>. [[win]] a victory, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>1060</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>465d</span>, etc. (cf. infr. <span class="bibl">11</span>); also <b class="b3">ν. τρίποδα</b> [[win]] it, <span class="bibl">Simon.147</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">prevail, be superior</b>, <b class="b3">μύθοισιν, ἔγχεϊ</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.18.252</span>; δόλοισι <span class="bibl">Od.3.121</span>; <b class="b3">κάλλει ἐνίκα</b> (sc. <b class="b3">κρητήρ</b>) <span class="bibl">Il.23.742</span>; πᾶσαν ἀρετὴν νενικηκώς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>964c</span>: c. part., εὐεργετῶν ν. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Ages.</span>9.7</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> of opinions, etc., <b class="b3">βουλὴ κακὴ νίκησεν</b> the evil counsel [[prevailed]], <span class="bibl">Od. 10.46</span>; τὰ χερείονα νικᾷ <span class="bibl">Il.1.576</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.18.404</span>; ἐνίκα ἡ γνώμη <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.36</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.2.12</span>, etc.; ἡ νικῶσα βουλή <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>912</span>; <b class="b3">ἐκ τῆς νικώσης [γνώμης]</b> according to <b class="b2">the prevailing opinion, vote of the majority</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>6.1.18</span>, <span class="bibl">6.2.12</span>; ταῦτ' ἐνίκα <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>274</span>; νικᾷ πάσαισι ταῖς ψήφοις ὁ νόμος <b class="b2">is carried</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>801a</span>; σὺν ψάφῳ τᾷ νικεούσᾳ <span class="title">SIG</span>265.4 (Delph., iv B.C.): freq. of orators, νικᾷ… ὁ κακὸς ἐν πλήθει λέγων <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>944</span>; ν. γνώμῃσι <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.82</span> (so <b class="b3">γνώμῃ</b>, v.l. [[γνώμην]], <span class="bibl">Id.1.61</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>594</span>): freq. impers., <b class="b3">ἐνίκα</b> (sc. <b class="b3">ἡ γνώμη</b>) <b class="b2">it was resolved</b>, c. inf., <b class="b3">ἐνίκα μὴ ἐκλιπεῖν τὴν πόλιν</b> <b class="b2">it was carried</b> not... <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.101</span>; τέλος γε μέντοι δεῦρ' ἐνίκησεν μολεῖν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>233</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἐνίκησε… λοιμὸν εἰρῆσθαι</b> <b class="b2">it was the prevailing opinion that</b>... <span class="bibl">Th.2.54</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν δημοκρατίᾳ νικᾷ ζῆν</b> <b class="b2">it is preferable</b>... <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>303b</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> c. inf., [[succeed]] in... ἐνίκησε σκορπίσαι <span class="title">Psalm.Solom.</span>4.13. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> as law-term, <b class="b3">ν. τὴν δίκην</b> [[win]] one's cause, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>955</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>581</span>; simply νικᾶν <span class="title">GDI</span>5011.11 (Gortyn), <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ath.</span>42.1</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Rh.Al.</span>1433a6</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHal.</span>1.58</span> (iii B.C.), etc.; νικήσεις ἐν τῷ κρίνεσθαί σε <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>3.4</span>:—Pass., c. gen., αἴ κα νικαθῇ τῶν ἐνεχύρων <span class="title">Schwyzer</span> 177.9 (Crete, v B.C.); v. infr. 11. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> c. acc., <b class="b2">conquer, vanquish</b>, Ἕκτορα <span class="bibl">Il.7.192</span>, etc.: freq. c. dat. modi, μάχῃ ν. Ἀχαιούς <span class="bibl">16.79</span>; ἀγορῇ ν. υἷας Ἀχαιῶν <span class="bibl">2.370</span>; πόδεσσι δὲ πάντας ἐνίκα <span class="bibl">20.410</span>; κάλλει ἐνίκων φῦλα γυναικῶν <span class="bibl">9.130</span>; <b class="b3">πάντα ν. ἄνδρα… κακοῖσιν</b> [[surpass]] him in miseries, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>659</span>; ν. τινὰ ἔν τινι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>213e</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">μὴ φῦναι τὸν ἅπαντα νικᾷ λόγον</b> [[excels]] the whole account, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1224</span> (lyr.); νίκα ἐν τῷ ἀγαθῷ τὸ κακόν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>12.21</span>: c. acc. cogn., μάχην ν. τινά <span class="bibl">Isoc. 8.58</span>, <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.181</span>, etc.:—Pass., ἔστιν ἃ τῶν ἄθλων δὶς ἕκαστος ἐνικήθη <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>4.5.2</span>: c. part., ν. ἀλεξόμενός τινα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>1.9.11</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> as law-term (cf. <span class="bibl">1.5</span>), νίκης τήν μιν ἐγὼ νίκησα <span class="bibl">Od.11.545</span>:—Pass., ἧ δέ κα νικαθῇ <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>1.23, al.; also of objects in dispute, damages, etc., [[recover]], ib.1.28, al.:—Pass., <b class="b2">to be assigned, adjudicated</b>, ib.1.55. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> generally, [[overpower]], esp. of passions, etc., νόον νίκησε νεοίη <span class="bibl">Il.23.604</span>; μὴ φόβος σὲ νικάτω φρένας <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>88</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">133</span>; [φύσις] νικᾷ τῷ ἥσσονι τὸ μεῖζον τῆς ἐλπίδος <span class="bibl">Democr.176</span>; <b class="b3">βαρεῖαν ἡδονὴν νικᾶτέ με</b> grievous is the pleasure ye <b class="b2">win prevailing over</b> me, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1204</span>: c. inf., <b class="b3">μηδ' ἡ βία σε… νικησάτω τοσόνδε μισεῖν</b> let not violence <b class="b2">prevail on</b> thee to... <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1334</span>: with gen. of comparison, <b class="b3">νικᾷ γὰρ ἁρετή με τῆς ἔχθρας πολύ</b> <b class="b2">weighs with</b> me <b class="b2">more than</b> enmity, from the compar. force in <b class="b3">νικᾷ</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">1357</span> codd. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> Pass., <b class="b2">to be vanquished</b>, Hom. only in part. <b class="b3">νικηθείς</b> (v. supr. <span class="bibl">1.1</span>); <b class="b3">νικᾶσθαι ὕπνῳ, κέρδεσιν</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>291</span>, <span class="bibl">342</span>; ἡδονῇ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1272</span>; συμφορᾷ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>1195</span>; also ὑπὸ τοῦ κακοῦ <span class="bibl">Th.2.51</span>; πρὸς ἱμέρου <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>932.4</span>, etc.: sts. c. gen., ἱμέρου νικώμενος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>1005</span>; αὐτῆς &lt;τε&gt; τῆς δίκης… αὐτοῦ τε τοῦ ἀληθοῦς νικᾶσθαι <span class="bibl">Antipho 5.87</span>: freq. of persons, <b class="b3">νικᾶσθαί τινος</b>, with gen. of comparison, <b class="b2">to be inferior, yield to</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1353</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>315</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyc.</span>454</span>; <b class="b3">ξείνων νενίκανται θύραι</b> the doors <b class="b2">give way to</b> the guests, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>9.2</span>; ἢν τοῦτο νικηθῇς ἐμοῦ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1087</span>.</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0255.png Seite 255]] fut. νικήσω, die Annahme des att. fut. νικῶ beruht auf Pallad. 52 (XI, 288), wo νικῶσιν aber als praes. zu fassen ist; <b class="b2">siegen, besiegen</b>; – 1) intrans., [[siegen]]; den Vorzug haben, überlegen sein, ἐπεὶ τὰ χερείονα νικᾷ Il. 1, 576 Od. 18, 404; ὁ μὲν ἂρ μύθοισιν, ὁ δ' ἔγχεϊ πολλὸν ἐνίκα, Il. 18, 252, öfter; νικήσας, der Sieger, 3, 138; ἐν Πυθίοισι νικᾶν, Pind. N. 2, 9, u. oft vom Sieger in den Kampfspielen; δρόμῳ σὺν ποδῶν χειρῶν τε νικᾶσαι σθένει, N. 10, 48. Häufig steht das praes. in der Bdtg [[Siegersein]] (gesiegt haben), ἐν Ὀλυμπιάδι νικῶν, Ol. 11, 17; dah. in den Angaben. der Sieger bei den Scholl. u. sonst gew, ἐνίκα, νικᾷ δ' ὁ [[πρῶτος]] καὶ [[τελευταῖος]] δραμών, Aesch. Ag. 305; νικᾶσθαι, unterliegen, Spt. 496; ἐξαμαρτεῖν u. νικᾶν einander entgeggstzt, Soph. Phil. 95; πᾶσι τοῖς κριταῖς, ἑνὶ κριτῇ, mit der Stimme aller Richter in einem Wettkampfe siegen, Ar. Av. 445; vgl. νικᾷ πάσαις ταῖς ψήφοις ὁ [[νόμος]], das Gesetz geht mit allen Stimmen durch, Plat. Legg. VII, 801 a; ἐν δημοκρατίᾳ νικᾷ ζῆν, es ist besser, Polit. 303 b; vgl. über die Bdtg des praes. Krüger zu Xen. An. 1, 10, 4, wo er auch Thuc. 7, 11 μάχῃ τῇ πρώτῃ νικᾶται ὑφ' ἡμῶν anführt, er ist besiegt worden; bei Dem. Lpt. 74 steht νικῶν neben παρακρουσόμενος; κακὴ βουλὴ νίκησε, der böse Rath siegte, behielt die Oberhand, Od. 10, 46; νικᾷ τὸ [[κέρδος]], Aesch. Ag. 560; ἡ [[γνώμη]] ἐνίκησε, die Meinung behielt die Oberhand, fand Beifall, ging durch, Thuc. 2, 12 u. Folgde oft; [[δόξα]], Plat. Gorg. 487 c; ἐκ τῆς νικώσης ἔπραττον πάντα, nach der durchgegangenen Meinung, nach Stimmenmehrheit, Xen. An. 5, 9, 18; vgl. ὅ, τι ἂν νικῴη ἐν τῷ κοινῷ τοῦτο κύριον εἶναι, Hell. 6, 5, 6; τὸ νικῆσαν [[ψήφισμα]], Dem. 24, 27; u. ähnl. [[τέλος]] γε [[μέντοι]] δεῦρ' ἐνίκησεν [[μολεῖν]], Soph. Ant. 233, vgl. 274; γνώμῃ νικῶν, mit einer Meinung durchdringend, Her. 3, 82; – auch = einen Proceß gewinnen, [[εἵνεκα]] νίκης, τήν μιν ἐγὼ νίκησα δικαζόμενος, Od. 11, 545, vgl. 558; oft bei den Rednern, selbst ἐνίκησε τοῦ κλήρου, in dem Proceß wegen der Erbschaft, Dem. 43, 32. – 2) trans., [[besiegen]], überwinden, übertreffen, τινά, von Hom. an überall; μάχῃ νικῶντες Ἆχαιούς, Il. 16, 79; πόδεσσι δὲ πάντας ἐνίκα, mit den Füßen, im Laufe, 20, 410, wie 23, 756; κάλλει ἐνίκων φῦλα γυναικῶν, 9, 130; ἀγορῇ δέ ἑ παῦροι Ἀχαιῶν νίκων, 15, 284; neben [[κρείσσων]] [[γενέσθαι]], 3, 71 Od. 18, 46; auch von Leidenschaften, νόον νίκησε [[νεοίη]], Il. 23, 604, von Fehlern, Umständen, die Einen wozu zwingen; so auch Tragg.; μὴ [[φόβος]] σε νικάτω φρένας, Aesch. Eum. 88, überwältigen; so ὕπνῳ, κέρδεσιν νικώμενος, Ag. 282. 333, wie ξυμφορᾷ νικωμένη Eur. Med. 1195; – auch c. gen., ἱμέρου νικώμενος, Aesch. Suppl 983; bes. bei Personen, statt ὑπό τινος, κρεισσόνων νικώμενος, Eur. Med. 316 Troad. 23 I. A. 1357; ἢν [[ταῦτα]] νικηθῇς ἐμοῦ, Ar. Nubb. 1088; vgl. κρατεῖς τοι τῶν [[φίλων]] νικώμενος, Soph. Ai. 1332, also wie [[ἡσσάομαι]] construirt; Plat. vrbdt auch νικῶντα ἐν λόγοις πάντας ἀνθρώπους, Conv. 213 e; Xen. mit dem partic., ἔςτε νικῴη καὶ τοὺς εὖ καὶ τοὺς κακῶς ποιοῦντας ἀλεξόμενος, An. 1, 9, 11, vgl. Ages. 9, 7 Mem. 2, 6, 35, im Abwehren. – Auch der acc. der Sache wird hinzugesetzt, wie in dem homerischen Beispiele νίκην νικᾶν, einen Sieg [[ersiegen]], wie νικῶσα νίκην [[τίνα]] Eur. Suppl. 1060; von Kampfspielen so, Is. 6, 60; auch Plat. Rep. V, 465 d; πάντα ἐνίκα, alle Kämpfe gewann er, in allen Kämpfen siegte er, Il. 4, 389; ähnl. νικᾶν τὴν δίκην, Eur. El. 955, wie Ar. Vesp. 581; δίκας, Equ. 93; γνώμην ἐν τῷ δήμῳ, eine Meinung, einen Vorschlag durchsetzen, Vesp. 594, vgl. Nubb. 432; so auch Her. Ἱππίεω δὲ γνώμην νικήσαντος, 1, 61; οἱ νικῶντες τὰς γνώμας περὶ τούτων, Plat. Gorg. 456 a; Ὀλύμπια νενικηκότι, dem Sieger in den olympischen Spielen, Thuc. 1, 126, wie oft bei Luc. u. Paus.; ταύτην τὴν Ὀλυμπιάδα ἐνίκα [[στάδιον]] u. ä.; τὴν μάχην, in der Schlacht siegen, Plat. Lach. 191 c u. öfter, wie Xen. u. Folgde; auch ἐνίκησαν τὴν ναυμαχίαν τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους, Aesch. 3, 181; νικήσας τοὺς Ἀθηναίους τὴν ἐν Χαιρωνείᾳ μάχην, Pol. 5, 10, 1, neben μάχῃ, was sich bei denselben Schriftstellern eben so oft findet.