πόλεμος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=and Ep. πτόλεμος, ὁ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[war]], <span class="bibl">Il.1.61</span>, etc. (the usual meaning in post-Homeric Greek); also, <b class="b2">battle, fight</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">226</span>, etc.; even of <b class="b2">single combat</b>, <span class="bibl">7.174</span>; πόλεμοί τε μάχαι τε <span class="bibl">1.177</span>, <span class="bibl">5.891</span>; φυλόπιδος . . καὶ πολέμοιο <span class="bibl">18.242</span>; ἀϋτήν τε πτόλεμόν τε <span class="bibl">1.492</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">14.37</span>,<span class="bibl">96</span>; π. καὶ δηϊοτῆτος <span class="bibl">5.348</span>, etc.: periphr., <b class="b3">νεῖκος, φύλοπις, ἔρις πολέμοιο</b>, <span class="bibl">13.271</span>, <span class="bibl">635</span>, <span class="bibl">17.253</span>; <b class="b3">π. ἄγριος, αἱματόεις, ἀργαλέος, ἀλίαστος, δακρυόεις, δήϊος, δυσηλεγής, δυσηχής, κακός, λευγαλέος, ὀϊζυρός, ὀκρυόεις, ὀλοός, ὁμοίιος, πευκεδανός, πολυᾶϊξ, πολύδακρυς, στυγερός, φθισήνωρ</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">737</span>, <span class="bibl">19.313</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.24.531</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.2.797</span>, <span class="bibl">5.737</span>, <span class="bibl">7.119</span>, <span class="bibl">20.154</span>, <span class="bibl">2.686</span>, <span class="bibl">1.284</span>, <span class="bibl">13.97</span>, <span class="bibl">3.112</span>, <span class="bibl">9.64</span> (leg. <b class="b3">κρυόεντος</b>), <span class="bibl">3.133</span>, <span class="bibl">9.440</span>, <span class="bibl">10.8</span>, <span class="bibl">1.165</span>, <span class="bibl">3.165</span>, <span class="bibl">4.240</span>, <span class="bibl">9.604</span>; <b class="b3">π. Ἀχαιῶν, ἀνδρῶν</b>, i.e. brought by them, <span class="bibl">3.165</span>, <span class="bibl">24.8</span> (pl.), etc.; ὁ τῶν βαρβάρων π. <span class="bibl">Th.1.24</span>; Ἑλλήνων π. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>3.2.22</span>; ὁ παρὼν π. Κορινθίων <span class="bibl">Th.1.32</span>; <b class="b3">ὁ μέλλων καὶ ὅσον οὐ παρὼν π</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">36</span>; ὁ πρὸς Δαρεῖον π. <span class="bibl">Hdt. 6.2</span>; ἀσχημοσύνῃ καὶ Ἔρωτι πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀεὶ π. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>196a</span>; <b class="b3">Δωριακὸς π</b>. Orac. ap. <span class="bibl">Th.2.54</span>; ὁ Ἰωνικὸς π. <span class="bibl">Id.8.11</span>; ὁ Φωκικὸς π. <span class="bibl">Aeschin. 3.148</span>; π. Δεκελεικός <span class="bibl">Isoc.8.37</span>, <span class="bibl">14.31</span>; π. ξενικός <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1272b20</span>; δουλικοὶ π. <span class="bibl">Ath.6.272f</span>; ἱερὸς π. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>556</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">πόλεμον ἄρασθαι</b> levy [[war]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>342</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>913</span>, etc.: c. dat., ἢ τοῖσιν ἢ τοῖς π. αἴρεσθαι μέγαν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>439</span>; π. ἄρασθαι πρός τινας <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.6.45</span>; π. θέσθαι τινί <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>13</span>; π. ἀναιρέεσθαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.36</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.1.7</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">π. κινεῖν, ἐγεῖραι</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.6.34</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdn.3.5.3</span>; π. τοῖς ἔργοις ἐξενήνοχε <span class="bibl">D.11.20</span>, cf. Plu. 2.829e; ἐς π. καθίστασθαί τισι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>1168</span>; π. ἐπαγαγεῖν <span class="bibl">Aeschin.3.140</span>; ἀγαγεῖν ἐπί τινας <span class="bibl">D.5.19</span>; <b class="b3">π. ποιεῖν</b> make [[war]], <span class="bibl">Id.8.7</span>; <b class="b3">π. ποιεῖσθαι</b> carry [[it]] on, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.5.24</span>; <b class="b3">π. καταλύεσθαι</b> put an end to [[it]], <span class="bibl">And.3.17</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.6.36</span>; ὁ π. ἀναπέπαυται <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.5.47</span>: prov., <b class="b3">οὐ πόλεμον ἐπαγγέλλεις</b>, i.e. that is good news, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>702d</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Phdr.</span>242b</span>: in pl., <span class="bibl">Democr. 250</span>, etc.; διὰ τὴν τῶν χρημάτων κτῆσιν πάντες οἱ π. ἡμῖν γίγνονται <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Phd.</span>66c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>460a</span>, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> personified, <b class="b2">War, Battle</b>, Ἀλαλὰ Πολέμου θύγατερ <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span>78</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>205</span>; <b class="b3">Π. πάντων μὲν πατήρ ἐστι</b>, πάντων δὲ βασιλεύς <span class="bibl">Heraclit.53</span>; ὁ π. τῆς γενέσεως <span class="bibl">Dam.<span class="title">Pr.</span>423</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> metaph. of womankind, πολυτελὴς π. <span class="bibl">Secund.<span class="title">Sent.</span>8</span>.</span>

|ptext=[[https://www.translatum.gr/images/pape/pape-02-0654.png Seite 654]] ὁ ([[πέλομαι]], verwandt ist pello, bellum, eigtl. Getümmel), Kriegsgetümmel, [[Schlacht]], übh. <b class="b2">Krieg, Kampf</b>; oft bei Hom., der auch die Form [[πτόλεμος]] braucht; bei ihm herrscht, wie bei Hes. die Bdtg [[Schlacht]], bei den Spätern, bes. bei den Att., die Bdtg [[Krieg]] im vollen Sinne des Wortes vor; Hom. vrbdt αἰεὶ γάρ τοι [[ἔρις]] τε [[φίλη]], πόλεμοί τε μάχαι τε, Il. 1, 177, wie ἀϋτήν τε πτόλεμόν τε, 492 u. öfter; auch καὶ [[φύλοπις]], 18, 242; στείχειν εἰς πόλεμον φθισήνορα, 2, 833; οὐ πολέμοιο δυσηχέος ἐμνώοντο, 686, wie ἐξῆγεν πολέμοιο δυσηχέος 13, 535; [[πολύδακρυς]] Ἀχαιῶν, 3, 165, Krieg mit den Achäern, wie ἀνδρῶν, mit Männern, 24, 8 Od. 13, 91; εἶκε πολέμου καὶ δηϊοτῆτος, Il. 5, 348, u. öfter; τεύχεσιν ἐς πόλεμον θωρήσσετο δακρυόεντα, 8, 388, u. oft [[ὁμοίιος]]; ἐπί τε [[πτόλεμος]] τέτατό [[σφιν]] [[ἄγριος]], 17, 736; τόσση γὰρ [[ἔρις]] πολέμοιο δέδηεν, ib. 253; auch [[ὁπότε]] [[νεῖκος]] ὀρώρηται πολέμοιο, 13, 271; πολέμοιο [[γέφυρα]], s. dieses; Pind. vrbdt μάχαις πολέμου, Ol. 2, 44; πολέμοιο [[νέφος]], N. 10, 9 (wie Il. 17, 243 u. öfter); auch νιφὰς πολέμοιο, I. 3, 35; χαλκοχάρμας, 5, 26, u. öfter; Tragg.: πόλεμον αἴρεσθαι νέον, Aesch. Suppl. 337. 928; πολέμου [[στῖφος]] παρέχοντες, Pers. 20; Soph. Ant. 150; Streit, σᾷ δυσθύμῳ τίκτουσ' αἰεὶ ψυχᾷ πολέμους, El. 212; πόλεμον συγγόνῳ θέσθαι, Eur. Or. 13; συνῆψέ μοι ὅσῳ πολέμου κρεῖσσον [[εἰρήνη]], Suppl. 488, u. öfter; Ar. u. in Prosa: [[πρός]] τινα, Her. 6, 2; ἐπί τινος, Xen. Hell. 3, 2, 22; ἀσχημοσύνῃ καὶ Ἔρωτι πρὸς ἀλλήλους ἀεὶ [[πόλεμος]], Plat. Conv. 196 a; καὶ [[στάσις]], Rep. V, 470 b; πόλεμοι καὶ στάσεις καὶ μάχαι vrbdn, Phaed. 66 c; [[πόλεμος]] θεῶν ist das göttliche Strafgericht, Xen. An. 2, 3, 7 u. Folgde; πόλεμον πολεμεῖν, ποιεῖσθαι, ἄρασθαι, ἐκφέρειν, ἐπαγγέλλειν u. ä. S. die Verba.