παρίστημι: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> causal in pres., impf., fut., and aor.1 ; later pf. <b class="b3">παρέστᾰκα</b> in same sense, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>5.196</span> (ii B.C.), <span class="bibl">Plb.3.94.7</span>, <span class="bibl">S.E. <span class="title">M.</span>7.273</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> <b class="b2">cause to stand, place beside</b>, π. τοὺς ἱππεῖς ἐφ' ἑκάτερον τὸ κέρας <span class="bibl">Plb.3.72.9</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">3.113.8</span> ; <b class="b3">παραστήσας τὰ ὅπλα</b> <b class="b2">having brought</b> his arms <b class="b2">into view</b>, <span class="bibl">D.18.175</span> ; <b class="b3">π. τινὰ φυλάττειν</b> [[set]] one [[near]] a thing to guard it, v.l. in <span class="bibl">Id.49.35</span> ; π. σορὸν σορῷ <span class="title">Anatolian Studies</span> p.204 (Termessus). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">set before the mind, present</b>, ὑπόθεσιν… οὐ χὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν <span class="bibl">D.3.1</span> ; <b class="b3">τοῦτο π. τοὺς θεοὺς ὑμῖν</b> that they may [[put]] this [[into]] your [[minds]], <span class="bibl">Id.18.1</span> ; τὸ δεινὸν π. τοῖς ἀκούουσιν <span class="bibl">Id.21.72</span> ; <b class="b3">π. ἐλπίδας, ὁτιοῦν τῶν δεινοτάτων</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.19.333</span>, <span class="bibl">21.15</span> ; [[arouse]], [[inspire]], <b class="b3">οὐ γὰρ ἡ πληγὴ παρέστησε τὴν ὀργὴν ἀλλ' ἡ ἀτιμία</b> ib.72 ; π. φόβον καὶ ἀπορίαν ταῖς πόλεσι <span class="bibl">Plb.3.94.7</span> ; <b class="b3">π. ὁ κίνδυνος διαλογισμόν, μὴ</b>. . <span class="bibl">Aeschin.2.159</span> : so <b class="b3">τοῦτο π. ὑμῖν γνῶναι</b> [[prompt]] you to that decision, <span class="bibl">D.18.8</span> ; <b class="b3">π. τινὶ θαρρεῖν</b> [[give]] one confidence, v.l. in <span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.174</span> ; <b class="b3">π. τινί</b> c. inf., [[put]] it <b class="b2">into his head</b> to... <span class="bibl">Paus.9.14.6</span> ; also <b class="b3">π. τινὶ ὅτι</b> or <b class="b3">ὡς</b>... <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Oec.</span>13.1</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>600c</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[dispose]] a person, πρὸς μελαγχολίας Phld. <span class="title">Ir.</span>p.28 W., cf. <span class="title">Mus.</span>p.73 K. ; also Ἀθηναίους ἄλλα παρέστησεν ὡς ἥρωα τιμᾶν Θησέα <span class="bibl">Plu. <span class="title">Thes.</span>35</span> :—also in Pass., V. B. V. 1. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> of a Poet, [[represent]], [[describe]], τὸν Νέστορα παρέστησε [ὁ ποιητὴς] πείθοντα <span class="bibl">Phld. <span class="title">Hom.</span> p.65</span> O., cf. <span class="bibl">Ath.3.110f</span>, <span class="bibl">4.133b</span> ; δι' ἐτυμολογίας <span class="bibl">Corn. <span class="title">ND</span>1</span> :—Pass., <b class="b3">παριστάσθω ὅτι</b>… <b class="b2">let it be stated</b> that... <span class="bibl">S.E. <span class="title">M.</span>7.310</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[furnish]], [[supply]], [[deliver]], PCair.Zen.790.10 (iii B.C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>5.196</span> (ii B.C.), <b class="b2">Abh. Berl.Akad</b>.<span class="bibl">1925(5).31</span> (Cyrene). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b2">make good, prove, show</b>, τι πολλοῖς τεκμηρίοις <span class="bibl">Lys.12.51</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>24.13</span> ; καθάπερ προϊόντες -στήσομεν Phld. <span class="title">Ir.</span>p.85 W., cf. <span class="title">Mus.</span>p.37 K. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> c. acc. pers., [[present]], [[offer]], <b class="b3">ἑαυτοὺς τῷ θεῷ, ἑαυτοὺς δούλους εἰς ὑπακοήν</b>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>6.13</span>,<span class="bibl">16</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> [[commend]], βρῶμα ἡμᾶς οὐ παραστήσει τῷ θεῷ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Cor.</span>8.8</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> [[render]], [ἡ πίσσα] τὸν οἶνον ἔὔποτον παρίστησι ταχέως Plu.2.676c. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">8</span> in later Greek, as in Med. (V. C. 1), [[produce]] in court, etc., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>759.22</span> (ii A.D.), etc. :—Pass., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Sammelb.</span>4512.82</span> (ii B.C.), etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">set side by side, compare</b>, [πόλεις] μικρὰς μεγάλαις <span class="bibl">Isoc. 12.40</span>.—The use of these act. tenses occurs in Pl.l.c., but first becomes common in Oratt. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">B</span> Pass., with aor. 2, pf. and plpf. Act., intr. : </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> <b class="b2">stand by, beside</b>, or [[near]], θέων δέ οἱ ἄγχι παρέστη <span class="bibl">Il.15.442</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">483</span> ; ἀμφίπολος δ' ἄρα οἱ κεδνὴ ἑκάτερθε παρέστη <span class="bibl">Od.1.335</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.218</span>, <span class="bibl">18.183</span> ; <b class="b3">ἑξείης πάντεσσι παρίστασαι</b>, of a beggar, <span class="bibl">17.450</span> ; οὐδ' ἄρα οἵ τις ἀνουτητί γε παρέστη <span class="bibl">Il.22.371</span> ; <b class="b3">ζωγράφῳ παρεστηκυῖα</b>, of a painter's model, <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Mem.</span>3.11.2</span> : freq. in part. <b class="b3">παραστάς</b> with a Verb, εἶπε παραστάς <span class="bibl">Il.12.60</span> ; <b class="b3">οὖτα π</b>. <span class="bibl">20.472</span> ; <b class="b3">παρασταθείς</b>, v.l. for [[κατασταθείς]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>365</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">stand by</b>, i.e. [[help]], [[defend]], τινι <span class="bibl">Il.10.279</span>, etc. ; Τρωσὶ παρεστάμεναι καὶ ἀμύνειν <span class="bibl">21.231</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">15.255</span> ; Ὀδυσῆϊ π. ἠδ' ἐπαρήγει <span class="bibl">23.783</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Th.</span>439</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.87</span>, etc.; π. τινὶ χερσί <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Aj.</span>1384</span> ; <b class="b3">βοηθοὶ π</b>. <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Cyr.</span>5.3.19</span> ; οὐ παρέστη οὐδ' ἐβοήθησεν <span class="bibl">D.45.64</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> more freq. in past tenses, <b class="b2">to have come</b>, δεῦρο παρέστης <span class="bibl">Il.3.405</span> ; <b class="b2">to be at hand</b>, νῆες δ' ἐκ Λήμνοιο παρέστασαν <span class="bibl">7.467</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> of events, <b class="b2">to be near, be at hand</b>, ἀλλά τοι ἤδη ἄγχι παρέστηκεν θάνατος <span class="bibl">16.853</span> ; κακὴ Διὸς αἶσα παρέστη ἡμῖν <span class="bibl">Od.9.52</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">16.280</span> : in fut. Med., σοὶ…παραστήσεσθαι ἔμελλεν μοῖρ' ὀλοή <span class="bibl">24.28</span> ; ἐάν του καιρὸς ἢ χρεία παραστῇ <span class="bibl">D. 21.101</span>, cf. 73 : freq. in pf., παρέστηχ' ὡς ἔοικ' ἀγὼν μέγας <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Hec.</span>229</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Med.</span>331</span> ; in part., τὸ χρῶμα τὸ παρεστηκός <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Eq.</span>399</span> ; ὁ νῦν παρεστηκὼς ἡμῖν λόγος <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Lg.</span>962d</span> : in Att. form <b class="b3">παρεστώς, ῶσα, ός, th=s parestw/shs no/sou</b> <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Ph.</span>734</span> ; <b class="b3">τοῦ π. θέρους</b> ib.<span class="bibl">1340</span> ; τὰς παρεστώσας τύχας <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Or.</span>[1024]</span> ; <b class="b3">τὰ παρεστῶτα</b> <b class="b2">present circumstances</b>, <b class="b3">τὰ λῷστα, κράτιστα τῶν π</b>., <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Ag.</span>1053</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pr.</span>218</span> ; πρὸς τὸ παρεστός <span class="bibl">Ar. <span class="title">Eq.</span>564</span> ; πρὸς τὸ παριστάμενον <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Eq.Mag.</span>9.1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">come to the side of</b> another, <b class="b2">come over to</b> his [[opinion]], παραστῆναι ἐς τῶν Περσέων τὴν γνώμην <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.99</span> : abs., <b class="b2">come to terms, surrender, submit</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.3.13</span>,<span class="bibl">5.65</span>, <span class="bibl">6.140</span> ; οἱ πολέμιοι παραστήσονται <span class="bibl">Id.3.155</span> ; τῷ πολέμῳ παραστῆναι <span class="bibl">D. 22.15</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">EM</span>653.2</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> [[happen]] to one, τῷ δὴ λέγουσι. . θῶμα μέγιστον παραστῆναι <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.23</span> ; τὸ φρονεῖν ἀλλοῖα παρίσταται <span class="bibl">Emp. 108</span> ; esp. <b class="b2">come into one's head, occur</b> to one, τὼς νόος ἀνθρώποισι παριστᾶται <span class="bibl">Parm.16.2</span> ; δόξα μοι παρεστάθη ναοὺς ἱκέσθαι <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">OT</span>911</span> ; <b class="b3">δόξα π</b>. <b class="b3">τινὶ ὥστε</b>… <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>66b</span> ; <b class="b3">σοὶ τοῦτο παρέστηκεν, ὡς</b>… <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phdr.</span> 233c</span> ; <b class="b3">π. θαῦμα, γνώμη</b>, <span class="bibl">And.2.2</span>, <span class="bibl">24</span> (s.v.l.) ; ἔκπληξις παρέστη <span class="bibl">Th.8.96</span> : impers., <b class="b3">παρίσταταί μοι</b> <b class="b2">it occurs</b> to me ; <b class="b3">τῷ οὐ παραστήσεται… τεθνάναι βούλεσθαι</b> to whom <b class="b2">it will</b> not [[occur]] to wish for death, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.46</span>: folld. by <b class="b3">ὡς</b>, <span class="bibl">Th. 4.61</span>,<span class="bibl">95</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys. 12.62</span>, etc. : c. inf., <span class="bibl">Id.7.17</span>; οὐχὶ παρίσταταί μοι ταὐτὰ γιγνώσκειν <span class="bibl">D.3.1</span> : c. acc. et inf., <span class="bibl">Lys.21.12</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>58e</span>; part., <b class="b3">τὸ παριστάμενον</b> <b class="b2">that which comes into one's head, a thought</b>, <span class="bibl">Luc. <span class="title">Cont.</span> 13</span> ; <b class="b3">ἐκ τοῦ π. λέγειν</b> speak [[offhand]], <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Dem.</span>9</span>, cf. Gal. 14.295. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> <b class="b2">to be disposed</b>, πρὸς τὰς πράξεις Phld.<span class="title">Mus.</span>p.71 K.; εἰρηνικῶς παρεστώτων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hom.</span> p.45</span> O. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">collect oneself</b>, παραστῆναι πρὸς τὸν κίνδυνον <span class="bibl">D.S. 17.43</span> ; <b class="b3">τῷ θυμῷ παραστάς</b> ib.<span class="bibl">99</span> ; π. πρὸς τὴν ἀπολογίαν <span class="bibl">Plu. <span class="title">Alc.</span> 19</span>; παρεστηκότες ταῖς γνώμαις <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Fr.</span> 161</span> J. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> metaph., <b class="b3">οἶνος παρίσταται</b> the wine <b class="b2">improves, becomes fit for drinking</b>, opp. <b class="b3">ἐξίσταται</b>, <span class="bibl">Thphr. <span class="title">CP</span>6.14.10</span>, cf. Dsc.5.8. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> of a crop, <b class="b2">to be ripe</b>, ὅταν ὁ πρώϊμος σπόρος παραστῇ <span class="title">OGI</span>56.68 (Egypt, iii B. C.); so prob. ἡ γῆ παρέστηκεν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLille</span> 8.5</span> (iii B. C.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VI</span> <b class="b3">παρεστηκέναι φρενῶν</b> <b class="b2">to be beside oneself, lose one's</b> wits, <span class="bibl">Plb.18.53.6</span> ; π. ταῖς διανοίαις <span class="bibl">Id.14.5.7</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον π</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.22.8.13</span> ; cf. παρεξίστημι <span class="bibl">11</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">to be passionately devoted to</b>, ἵπποισι παρεστεῶτες <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Ep.</span>17</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VII</span> abs., <b class="b3">παρεστηκός</b>, = [[παρόν]], <b class="b2">since it was in their power, since the opportunity offered</b>, <span class="bibl">Th.4.133</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">C</span> Some tenses of Med., pres. and impf. sts., fut. and aor. I almost always (for exceptions, v. supr. <span class="bibl">B. 11.2</span>, III, iv), are used in causal sense : </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> <b class="b2">set by one's side, bring forward, produce</b>, π. ἱερεῖα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>6.1.22</span> ; esp. in a court of justice, τοὺς παῖδας παραστησάμενοι <span class="bibl">Lys.20.35</span>; <b class="b3">παιδία παραστήσεται</b> (of a culprit) <span class="bibl">D.21.99</span> ; <b class="b3">ταῦτα παραστησάμενος</b> ib.187; μάρτυρας παρίστανται <span class="bibl">Is.4.13</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">παραστήσασθαί τινα</b> [[produce]] him <b class="b2">as witness</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.9.9</span>, <span class="bibl">D.34.28</span>, etc.; π. τινὰ εἰς κρίσιν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>555b</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[commend]], τινί τινα <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">AJ</span> 15.7.3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">bring to one's side, bring over by force, bring to terms</b>, ἀέκοντας παραστήσασθαι <span class="bibl">Hdt. 8.80</span>; π. βία <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>916</span>; π. πολιορκίᾳ <span class="bibl">Th.1.98</span>; <b class="b3">πολιορκοῦντας π. ὁμολογίᾳ</b> ib.<span class="bibl">29</span> : abs., <b class="b3">π. τινά, π. πόλιν</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.45</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.124</span>, etc.; τοὺς οἰκοῦντας τὴν Ἀττικὴν π. εἰς φορὰν δασμοῦ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span> 706b</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> generally, <b class="b2">dispose for one's own views</b> or [[purposes]], <b class="b3">τινὰ παραστήσασθαι οὕτως ὥστε</b>… so <b class="b2">to dispose</b> a person that... <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.136</span> ; ἑαυτοὺς πρὸς τὴν μάχην <span class="bibl">Plb.3.109.9</span> ; [[dispose]], [[induce]] a person, πρὸς τὸ κοινωνεῖν <span class="bibl">Id.29.3.5</span> : c. acc. et inf., <span class="bibl">Chio <span class="title">Ep.</span>3</span>.</span>