γναθμός: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[jaw]] (Hom.)<br />Other forms: <b class="b3">γνάθος</b> m. (Hp.). Note <b class="b3">γναμφαί</b> H. (acc. to LSJ, but not in Latte)<br />Derivatives: PN of a parasite <b class="b3">Γνάθων</b>, with <b class="b3">Γναθώνειος</b>, <b class="b3">Γναθωνίδης</b>, <b class="b3">Γναθωνάριον</b> (Plu.). Denom. <b class="b3">γναθόω</b> <b class="b2">hit the jaw</b> (Phryn. Com.).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: <b class="b3">γναθμός</b> from <b class="b3">γνάθος</b> after <b class="b3">λαιμός</b>, <b class="b3">βρεχμός</b>, <b class="b3">ὀφθαλμός</b>. - Always compared with Lith. <b class="b2">žándas</b> <b class="b2">id.</b>, Latv. [[zuôds]] <b class="b2">chin, sharp side</b>; the Lith. acute was explained from a laryngeal, which is impossible for Greek; it can also have been caused by a following [[d]] (Winter-Kortlandt law). A preform <b class="b2">*gn̥h₂dʰ-</b> would have given <b class="b3">*γναθος</b>, <b class="b2">*gn̥h₂edʰ-</b> <b class="b3">*γαναθος</b>; so a laryngeal is impossible for Greek, nor can <b class="b3">-να-</b> be derived from any other PIE form. (The Lithuanian form, which has a quite different structure, cannot be cognate.) The form must therefore be non-IE, i.e. Pre-Greek. Further connection with <b class="b3">γένυς</b> is improbable, as this is IE. Macedonian <b class="b3">κάναδοι σιαγόνες</b>, <b class="b3">γνάθοι</b> H. has also often been compared; this may well be cognate, as a Pre-Greek form; does it stand for <b class="b3">*κναδοι</b>? (with epenthesis? for which see Fur. 378); it has also been connected with <b class="b3">κνώδων</b>, <b class="b3">κνώδαλον</b>.