μάρναμαι: Difference between revisions

|Definition=<span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> μάρνασαι <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>10.86</span>, μάρναται <span class="bibl">Il.4.513</span>, μάρνανται <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Med.</span>249</span>; imper. μάρναο <span class="bibl">Il.15.475</span>; subj. μαρνώμεσθα <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>110</span>; opt. μαρναίμεθα <span class="bibl">Od.11.513</span>; inf. μάρνασθαι <span class="bibl">Il.5.33</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>731</span>; part. μαρνάμενος <span class="bibl">Il.3.307</span>, <span class="bibl">Tyrt.12.33</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1574</span> (lyr.): impf. ἐμαρνάμην <span class="title">Anacreont.</span>12.11; -αο<b class="b3">, -ατο</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.22.228</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.12.40</span> (Ep.μάρνατο <span class="bibl">11.498</span>); 3dual ἐμαρνάσθην <span class="bibl">7.301</span>; pl. ἐμαρνάμεσθα <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1142</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">IT</span>1376</span>; poet. μαρνάμεθα <span class="bibl">Od.3.108</span>, <span class="bibl">B.5.125</span>, μάρναντο <span class="bibl">Il.13.169</span>: only pres. and impf.:—<b class="b2">fight, do battle</b>, τινι [[with]], [[against]] another, <span class="bibl">Il.15.475</span>, etc.; ἐπί τινι <span class="bibl">9.317</span>; πρός τινα <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>731</span>; <b class="b3">σύν τινι</b> <b class="b2">together with</b> another, <b class="b2">on his side</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.3.85</span>; <b class="b3">ἀμφί τινα</b> [[about]] a fallen hero, <span class="bibl">Il.16.775</span>; <b class="b3">περί τινος</b> [[for]] or [[about]] a person, ib.<span class="bibl">497</span>; ἐναντίοι ἀλλήλοισι νίκης καὶ κράτεος πέρι μ. <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>647</span>; <b class="b3">γῆς πέρι καὶ παίδων</b> Tyrt.l.c.; <b class="b3">περὶ δορᾶς Κουρῆσι</b> B.l.c.; <b class="b3">μήλων ἕνεκ</b>' <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>163</span>: c. dat. instrum., <b class="b3">ἔγχεϊ, χαλκῷ μ</b>., <span class="bibl">Il.16.195</span>,<span class="bibl">497</span>; <b class="b3">φασγάνῳ, δορί</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>9.21</span>, E.<span class="title">Med.</span>l.c. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> of boxers, <span class="bibl">Od.18.31</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[quarrel]], [[wrangle]], <span class="bibl">Il.1.257</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[contend]], [[strive]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>2.65</span>; <b class="b3">ἀμφ' ἀρεταῖσι, ἐσλοῖσι πέρι</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">O.</span>5.15</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">N.</span>5.47</span>; <b class="b3">κασιγνήτου πέρι</b> ib.<span class="bibl">10.86</span>; <b class="b3">μ. φυᾷ</b> [[strive]] with all one's natural powers, ib.<span class="bibl">1.25</span>.—Ep. and Lyr. Verb, used also by E.; cf. [[βάρναμαι]]. (Cf. Skt. <b class="b2">mṛṇā´ti</b> 'crush'.)</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">fight, do battle</b> (Il.).<br />Other forms: only present; ptc. <b class="b3">βαρνάμενος</b> through dissimilation.<br />Compounds: Rarely with <b class="b3">ἐπι</b>, <b class="b3">περι-</b>.<br />Derivatives: None (instead <b class="b3">μάχη</b>, <b class="b3">πόλεμος</b>, Porzig Satzinhalte 79).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [735] <b class="b2">*merh₂-</b> [[seize]], [[grip]]<br />Etymology: The zerograde nasal present <b class="b3">μάρ-να-μαι</b> (Schwyzer 693) has an exact formal agreement in Skt. ipv. <b class="b2">mr̥-ṇī-hí (*mr̥-nh₂-)</b>, with the thematic active <b class="b2">mr̥ṇáti</b> [[crush]] (diff. Thieme KZ 66, 233 n. 1: prop. [[seize]], [[grip]], [[rob]]; <b class="b3">μάρναμαι</b> originally from wrestling). If the etymology is at all correct (rejected by Pedersen IF 2, 294), <b class="b3">μάρναμαι</b> must originally have ment <b class="b2">crush one another, slay asunder</b>; a representant is supposed in <b class="b3">μάρμαρος</b> (s.v.). Semantically fits better Arm. [[mart]] [[combat]] (<b class="b2">d-</b>enlargement); the other words adduced like Germ., e.g. OWNo. [[meria]] <b class="b2">push away</b>, Lat. [[mortārium]], also [[morbus]] (W.-Hofmann s. vv., WP. 2, 278f., Pok. 735f.) learn nothing for Greek. -- An innovation beside <b class="b3">μάρναμαι</b> is <b class="b3">μαραίνω</b>, s.v.