πῖαρ: Difference between revisions

|Definition=τό, only nom. and acc. (exc. dat. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> πίαρι Suid.) : (πίων) :—[[fat]], Ep. and Ion. word, βοῶν ἐκ πῖαρ ἑλέσθαι <span class="bibl">Il.11.550</span> ; of men, Hp.<span class="title">Nat. Puer.</span>21. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b2">any fatty substance</b>, π. ἐλαίης <span class="bibl">A.R.4.1133</span> ; <b class="b3">π. μελιηδές</b> prob. [[cream]], AP9.224 (Crin.), cf. <span class="bibl">Sol.36.21</span> (<b class="b3">πῦαρ</b> Pap. Arist.<span class="title">Ath.</span>); <b class="b2">thick juice</b> from trees, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Nat.Puer.</span>26</span>; of the fig, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Mul.</span>2.205</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ulc.</span> 15</span> ; [[richness]] of soil, ἐπεὶ μάλα π. ὑπ' οὖδας <span class="bibl">Od.9.135</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Ap.</span>60</span> ; ἐσθλῆς ἀρούρης π. ἔγκληρον χθονός Lyc.1060, cf.<span class="title">AP</span>9.555 (Crin.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> metaph., <b class="b2">cream, choicest part</b> of a thing, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Ven.</span>30</span>.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: Nom. acc. n.<br />Meaning: [[fat]], [[tallow]] (ep. Ion. Il).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">πίων</b>, n. <b class="b3">πῖον</b>, f. <b class="b3">πίειρα</b> [[fat]], [[fertile]], [[rich]] (Il.), with as innovation <b class="b3">πιερός</b>, <b class="b3">πιαρός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Hp., Arist.); comp. forms <b class="b3">πιό-τατος</b>, <b class="b3">-τερος</b> (Hom.) with new posit. <b class="b3">πῖος</b> (Epich., Nic.; cf. Leumann Mus. Helv. 2,5f. = Kl. Schr. 219); <b class="b3">πιότης</b> f. [[fattness]] (Hp., Arist.). Poet. enlargement <b class="b3">πιήεις</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (AP). Denom. verb <b class="b3">πιαίνω</b>, aor. <b class="b3">πιᾶναι</b>, also w. <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b> a.o., <b class="b2">to make fat, to tallow, to enrich</b> (Pi., IA.) with <b class="b3">πία-σμα</b> n. <b class="b2">fattening, tallowing food</b> (A.), <b class="b3">ποτι-πίαμμα</b> n. <b class="b2"> fat that stayed (on the altar)</b> (Cyrene; on the phonetics cf. Schwyzer 524 w. n. 2), <b class="b3">-σμός</b> m. [[fattening]] (Ael.); <b class="b3">-ντήριος</b> (Hp.), <b class="b3">-ντικός</b> (Apoll. Lex.) [[making fat]], [[tallowing]]. -- With <b class="b3">λ-</b>suffix: <b class="b3">πιαλέος</b> [[fat]] (Ion. poet.; Chantraine Form. 253), rarely <b class="b3">πίαλος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (v. l. for <b class="b3">σίαλος</b> [Hp.], prob. reshaped after it; cf. Güntert Reimwortbild. 127 f., where wrong on <b class="b3">πιαλέος</b>). -- On itself stands <b class="b3">πιμελ-ή</b> f. [[fat]], [[lard]] (IA) with <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> [[fatty]] (Hp., Arist.), <b class="b3">-ής</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Aq., Luc.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [793] <b class="b2">*piH-u̯er-</b> [[fat]]<br />Etymology: With <b class="b3">πίων</b>, <b class="b3">πίειρα</b> from <b class="b3">*πίϜων</b>, <b class="b3">*πίϜειρα</b> agree Skt. <b class="b2">pī́van-</b>, <b class="b2">pī́varī</b> [[fat]], [[full]]; with the <b class="b2">r-</b>stem in <b class="b3">πῖ</b>[F]<b class="b3">αρ</b> agrees in Indo-Iran. an <b class="b2">s-</b>stem Skt. <b class="b2">pī́vas-</b> = Av. <b class="b2">pī́vah-</b> n. [[fat]], [[bacon]]. To it, as Ind. innovation, <b class="b2">pīvará</b> like <b class="b3">πιερός</b> to <b class="b3">πίειρα</b>. Here still Myc. PN <b class="b2">pi-we-ri-di</b>, <b class="b2">-si</b> (Heubeck Praegraeca 42)? An old <b class="b2">r-</b>derivation is also supposed in OIr. [[īriu]] [[earths surface]], [[land]] (phonetically unclear). The <b class="b2">l-</b>stem in <b class="b3">πιαλέος</b> however is not found outside Greek. An old athemat. byform may be found in Epeirotic gen. sg. <b class="b3">Πείαλ-ος</b> (Schwyzer 484 w. lit.). -- Beside this group with the wellknown suffixvariation <b class="b2">u̯er</b> : <b class="b2">u̯en</b> : <b class="b2">u̯es</b> : <b class="b2">u̯el</b> (e.g. Benveniste Origines 45 f.; IE <b class="b2">*pī-u̯er-</b>, <b class="b2">-u̯r̥-</b> etc.) stands with <b class="b2">mel-</b>suffix <b class="b3">πι-μελ-ή</b> (Frisk Eranos 41, 50ff.). (The <b class="b2">m-</b>formation contained in it seems also to be found in Lat. [[opīmus]] [[fat]], [[wellnourished]] but the anlaut. <b class="b2">o-</b> is unexplained.) -- All these formations go back on a verb, which is retained in Skt., e.g. pres. <b class="b2">páyate</b> <b class="b2">be full</b>, esp. of fat or milk, ptc. <b class="b2">pīná-</b> [[obese]], [[thick]]. On the Skt. words extensively Mayrhofer KEWA 212 a. 297 f. w. lit.; on the group in gen. WP. 2, 73ff., Pok. 793f., also W.-Hofmann s. [[opīmus]] and [[pinguis]] (cf. also [[παχύς]]); also w. lit. -- (Not here [[πῖδαξ]].)