ὀρθός: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: [[upright]], [[straight]], [[right]], [[true]] (Il.).<br />Compounds: As 1. member in several compp., e.g. <b class="b3">ὀρθό-κραιρα</b> s. <b class="b3">κραῖρα</b>, <b class="b3">ὀρθό-μαντις</b>, <b class="b3">-πολις</b> (Pi.; Sommer Nominalkomp. 184 a. 174), <b class="b3">ὀρθο-στάτης</b> m. <b class="b2">column standing upright etc.</b> (Att. inscr., E.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 49 a. 200); rarely as 2. member, e.g. <b class="b3">ἔξ-ορθος</b> [[upright]] (Ath.), backformation from <b class="b3">ἐξ-ορθόω</b> (Pl.).<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">ὄρθ-ιος</b> (<b class="b3">-ιο-</b> formally enlarging) <b class="b2">upright, steep, going up, shrill, loud, arranged in columns</b> (Λ 11; on the difference of meaning against <b class="b3">ὀρθός</b> Chantraine Form. 37) with <b class="b3">ὀρθ-ίαξ</b> m. (<b class="b3">-ίας</b> H.) m. <b class="b2">the lower part of the mast</b> (Epich.), <b class="b3">-ιάζω</b> <b class="b2">to cry loudly</b> (A.), <b class="b3">-ιάσματα</b> pl. <b class="b2">high pitch</b> (Ar.), also <b class="b2">to raise</b> (APl.), <b class="b3">-ίασις</b> f. [[erection]] (medic.); <b class="b3">-ιάω</b> = <b class="b3">-όω</b> (gloss., sch.). 2. <b class="b3">ὀρθ-ηλός</b> [[tall]], [[straight]] (hell. inscr.; after <b class="b3">υΏψηλός</b>), also <b class="b3">-ηρός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (pap. Ia), 3. <b class="b3">ὀρθέσιον ὄρθιον</b>, <b class="b3">μακρόν</b>, <b class="b3">ὀξύ</b>, <b class="b3">μέγα</b> H. (cf. <b class="b3">θεσπέσιος</b> a.o.). 4. <b class="b3">Όρθάννης</b> (Pl. Com., inscr.), <b class="b3">-ν-</b> (Phot., H.) m. name of a Priapus-like demon (<b class="b3">-νν-</b> hypocor. gemination; cf. <b class="b3">Ἐργ-άνη</b> a.o.). 5. <b class="b3">ὀρθότης</b> f. <b class="b2">upright, straight position, rightness</b> (IA.); <b class="b3">-οσύνη</b> f. <b class="b2">(up)rightness</b> (Democr.; Wyss 62). 6. Denominative verbs: a) <b class="b3">ὀρθόω</b>, <b class="b3">-ῶσαι</b>, often w. prefix, esp. <b class="b3">δι-</b>, <b class="b3">κατ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀν-</b>, <b class="b2">to raise, to straighten, to improve, to succeed</b> (Il.) with (<b class="b3">δι-</b>, <b class="b3">κατ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀν-</b> )<b class="b3">όρθωσις</b> f. <b class="b2">the raising etc.</b> (Hp., Arist.), <b class="b3">δι-</b>, <b class="b3">κατ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπ-όρθωμα</b> n. <b class="b2">(implement for) raising, right act etc.</b> (Hp., Arist.), <b class="b3">δι-</b>, <b class="b3">κατ-ορθωτής</b> m. <b class="b2">improver etc.</b> (LXX), <b class="b3">ὀρθωτήρ</b> m. [[raiser]], [[upholder]] (Pi.), <b class="b3">δι-</b>, <b class="b3">κατ-ορθωτικός</b> [[improving]], [[successful]] (Arist.); b) (<b class="b3">δι-)ορθεύω</b> = (<b class="b3">δι-)ορθόω</b> (E.). 7. Surname of Artemis: <b class="b3">(Ϝ)ορθαία</b> (<b class="b3">Ϝωρ-</b>, <b class="b3">-θεία</b>, <b class="b3">-θέα</b>, <b class="b3">-θία</b>) f. (Lac. a. Arcad. inscr. since VIa, X., Plu.); <b class="b3">Ϝορθασία</b> (Lac. a. Arc. inscr. since Va), <b class="b3">ὀρθωσία</b> (Pi., Hdt., Meg. inscr.); s. Kretschmer Glotta 30, 155f. (w. very doubtful explanation; cf. on it v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 183, Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 487ff.), Risch Mus.Helv. 11, 29 n. 41 w. lit.; compare Venet. Reitia (Haas Sprache 2, 224).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1167] <b class="b2">*wor(H)dʰ-</b>? [[high]]<br />Etymology: Since long <b class="b3">ὀρθός</b> from <b class="b3">*ϜορθϜός</b> (cf. <b class="b3">βορσόν σταυρόν</b>. <b class="b3">Ήλεῖοι</b> H.) is identified with Skt. <b class="b2">ūrdhvá-</b> [[raised]], [[high]]; the phonetic details are however debated and many times discussed, s. Schwyzer 363 w. lit. a. 301, also WP. 1, 289f. (Pok. 1167); cf. esp. <b class="b3">ὀργ-ή</b> : <b class="b2">ūrj-ā́</b>; <b class="b2">ūrdhvá-</b> for <b class="b2">*ūrdhá-</b> after <b class="b2">r̥ṣvá-</b> [[high]] ? (Otrębski Ling. Posn. 5, 175). Lat. [[arduus]] [[high]], [[steep]], OIr. [[ard]] [[high]], [[great]] as also Av. <b class="b2">ǝrǝdva-</b> [[high]] are unclear (s. W.-Hofmann s.v.); at least the Lat. a. Celt. words might have to be connected diff. (WP. 1, 148f., Pok. 339). Old inherited <b class="b3">ὀρθός</b> = <b class="b2">ūrdhvá-</b> belong to a verb, which is preserved in Skt. <b class="b2">várdhati</b> <b class="b2">raise, make grow</b> and in Av. <b class="b2">varǝd-</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> From the other IE languages, notably from Balto-Slav. and Germ., several isolated verbal nouns and diff. formed verbal forms have been adduced; s. the lit. and Bq s. v.; cf. also on [[ὄρθρος]].