δεῖ: Difference between revisions

|Definition=subj. <b class="b3">δέη</b>, sts. contr. <b class="b3">δῆ</b> (in codd. of Com., as <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>265</span>); <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> ὁπόσου κα δῆ <span class="title">IG</span>4.1484.65 (Epid.), cf. <span class="title">SIG</span>245<span class="title">G</span>47 (Delph.); opt. δέοι <span class="bibl">Th.4.4</span>; inf.<b class="b3">δεῖν;</b> part. <b class="b3">δέον</b> (v. infr. IV): impf. <b class="b3">ἔδει</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">ἔδεε</b>: fut. δεήσει <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>941</span>, etc.: aor. I ἐδέησε <span class="bibl">Th.2.77</span>, etc.—Impers. from <b class="b3">δέω</b> (A), <b class="b2">there is need</b> (the sense of moral obligation, prop. belonging to <b class="b3">χρή</b>, is later, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>583</span>, etc.): </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> c.acc.pers.et inf., <b class="b2">it is needful for</b> one to do, <b class="b2">one must</b>, once in Hom., <b class="b3">τί δὲ δεῖ πολεμιζέμεναι… Ἀργείους</b> why [[need]] the Argives fight? <span class="bibl">Il.9.337</span>; δ. &lt;μ'&gt; ἐλθεῖν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>6.28</span>, etc.: with nom. of the Pron., ἡγούμην… δεῖν… μεγαλοψυχότερος φαίνεσθαι <span class="bibl">D.19.235</span>: rarely <b class="b3">δεῖ σ' ὅπως δείξεις</b>, = [[δεῖ σε δεῖξαι]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>556</span>, cf.<span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>54</span>; δεῖ σ' ὅπως μηδὲν διοίσεις <span class="bibl">Cratin.108</span>; (the full constr. in <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>77</span> <b class="b3">τοῦτο δεῖ σοφισθῆναι… ὅπως γενήσῃ</b>): rarely c. dat. pers., <b class="b2">there is need of .</b>. for... θεοῖσι προσβαλεῖν χθονὶ ἄλλην δεήσει γαῖαν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>941</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>3.4.35</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Oec.</span>7.20</span>: the acc. pers. is often omitted, <b class="b3">ἐκ τῶν μανθάνειν δεῖ</b> (sc. <b class="b3">ἡμᾶς</b>) <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.8</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span> 567</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Eu.</span>826</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> c. acc. rei et inf., δεῖ τι γενέσθαι <span class="bibl">Th.5.26</span>; παραδείγματα, καθ' ἃ δέοι ἀποκρίνεσθαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Men.</span>79a</span>, etc.; also <b class="b3">ἐπεὶ δέ οἱ ἔδεε κακῶς γενέσθαι</b> since <b class="b2">it was fated</b> for him... since he <b class="b2">was doomed .</b>., <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.161</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.53</span>, <span class="bibl">9.109</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>825</span>; for <b class="b3">οἴομαι δεῖν</b>, v. [[οἴομαι]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> abs. with inf. understood, <b class="b3">μὴ πεῖθ' ἃ μὴ δεῖ</b> (sc. <b class="b3">πείθειν</b>) <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1442</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">OT</span>1273</span>; <b class="b3">εἴ τι δέοι, ἤν τι δέῃ</b> (sc. <b class="b3">γενέσθαι</b>), <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Mem.</span>1.2.59</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.44</span>; <b class="b3">κἂν δέῃ</b> (sc. <b class="b3">τροχάζειν</b>), τροχάζῶ <span class="bibl">Philetaer. 3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> c. gen. rei, <b class="b2">there is need of</b>, freq. with neg., οὐδὲν ἂν δέοι πολλοῦ ἀργυρίου <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cri.</span>45a</span>, etc.; τί δεῖ τῆς ἀρετῆς; <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1309b10</span>; sts. with inf. added, μακροῦ λόγου δεῖ ταῦτ' ἐπεξελθεῖν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>870</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">875</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Supp.</span>407</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> freq. in phrases, <b class="b3">πολλοῦ δεῖ</b> <b class="b2">there wants much, far from it</b>, <b class="b3">ὀλίγου δεῖ</b> <b class="b2">there wants little, all but;</b> in full c. inf., πολλοῦ δεῖ οὕτως ἔχειν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>35d</span>; τοὺς Πλαταιέας ἐλαχίστου ἐδέησε διαφθεῖραι [τὸ πῦρ] <span class="bibl">Th.2.77</span>; πολλοῦ γε δεῖ, πολλοῦ γε καὶ δεῖ <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span> 543</span>, <span class="bibl">D.18.300</span>, <span class="bibl">21.71</span>; <b class="b3">τοῦ πλεῦνος αἰεὶ ἔδεε</b> <b class="b2">there was</b> always further <b class="b2">to travel</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.43</span>; τοῦ παντὸς δεῖ <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Merc.Cond.</span>13</span>: also <b class="b3">ὀλίγου δεῖν</b> abs., in same sense, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>22a</span>, etc.; μικροῦ δεῖν <span class="bibl">D.27.29</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> with dat. pers. added, δεῖ μοί τινος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>848</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>565</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.71</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> with acc. pers. added, αὐτὸν γάρ σε δεῖ προμηθέως <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span> 86</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Rh.</span>837</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Hipp.</span>23</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> rarely with Subj. in nom., <b class="b3">δεῖ μοί τι</b> something <b class="b2">is needful</b> to me, ἓν δεῖ μόνον μοι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>594</span>; εἴ τι δέοι τῷ χορῷ <span class="bibl">Antipho 6.12</span>; πρῶτον μὲν τοῦτο δεῖ, ὑπειληφέναι… <span class="bibl">D.10.15</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> Med., <b class="b3">δεῖται</b> <b class="b2">there is need</b>, c. gen., δεῖταί σοι τῆς αὐτῆς ἐρωτήσεως <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Men.</span>79c</span>; ὅσων δέοιτο <span class="bibl">Aen.Tact.13.1</span>; ἑτέρου δεῖσθαι στρατηγοῦ νομίζων <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Pel.</span>26</span>: c. inf., ὥστε βραχἔ ἐμοὶ δεῖσθαι φράσαι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>570</span> (codd.); δεήσεται… ἀναγράφεσθαι <span class="bibl">Aen.Tact.31.9</span>; τήν μευ γλῶσσαν ἐκτεμεῖν δεῖται <span class="bibl">Herod.6.41</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> neut. part. δέον ( δεῖν is dub. in <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Fr.</span>220</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys.14.7</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Adv.</span>132.30</span>, Hdn.Gr.<span class="bibl">2.328</span>, al., Hsch.): abs., <b class="b2">it being needful</b> or [[fitting]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span> 355d</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἀπήντα, δέον</b>, he did not appear in court, <b class="b2">though he ought to have done so</b>, <span class="bibl">D.21.90</span>: c. inf., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>988</span>; <b class="b3">οὐδὲν δέον</b> <b class="b2">there being</b> no [[need]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.65</span>, etc.: fut. ὡς αὐτίκα δεῆσον διώκειν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.2.8</span>: aor. δεῆσαν <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Fab.</span>9</span>, etc.: also <b class="b3">δέον ἂν εἴη</b>, = [[δέοι ἄν]], <span class="bibl">Plb.2.37.5</span>, etc.: less freq. gen. abs. <b class="b3">δέοντος</b>, c. acc. inf., <span class="bibl">Corn.<span class="title">ND</span>17</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> Subst. δέον, τό (v. sub voc.).</span>