δοῦλος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(A), Cret. δῶλος <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>1.1, al., ὁ:—prop. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">born bondman</b> or [[slave]], opp. <b class="b2">one made a slave</b>, τὰ ἀνδράποδα πάντα καὶ δοῦλα καὶ ἐλεύθερα <span class="bibl">Th.8.28</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>330</span>: then, generally, [[bondman]], [[slave]], opp. <b class="b3">δεσπότης</b> (q. v.): not in Hom., who twice has fem. δούλη, ἡ, [[bondwoman]], <span class="bibl">Il.3.409</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.12</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1326</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>5.1.4</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span> 395e</span>, etc.: freq. of Persians and other nations subject to a despot, Hdt., etc.; <b class="b3">οὔ τινος δοῦλοι κέκληνται</b>, of the Greeks, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>242</span>: metaph., <b class="b3">χρημάτων δ</b>. <b class="b2">slaves to</b> money, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>865</span>; so γνάθου δ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span> 282.5</span>; τῶν αἰεὶ ἀτόπων <span class="bibl">Th.3.38</span>; <b class="b3">λιχνειῶν, λαγνειῶν</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>1.22</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Mem.</span>1.3.11</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> Adj. (not in A.), <b class="b3">δοῦλος, η, ον,</b> [[slavish]], [[servile]], [[subject]], δ. πόλις <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>917</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>4.2.29</span>; γνώμαισι δούλαις <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>53</span>; <b class="b3">δ. ἔχειν βίον</b> ib.<span class="bibl">302</span>; <b class="b3">σῶμα δ</b>., opp. <b class="b3">νοῦς ἐλεύθερος</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>940</span>; τοὺς τρόπους δούλους παρασχεῖν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>877</span>; <b class="b3">δ. θάνατος, ζυγόν, πούς</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Or.</span> 1170</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>678</span>,<span class="bibl">507</span>; δ. καὶ τυραννουμένη πόλις <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>577d</span>; <b class="b3">δ. ἡδοναί</b>, = [[δουλοπρεπεῖς]], ib.<span class="bibl">587c</span>, etc.: Comp. <b class="b3">δουλότερος</b> <b class="b2">more enslaved</b>, Αἴγυπτον δ. ποιεῖν <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.7</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">τὸ δ</b>., = [[οἱ δοῦλοι]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>983</span>, etc.; also, <b class="b2">slavery, a slavish life</b>, ib.<span class="bibl">556</span> (troch.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[ancillary]], δ. ἐπιστῆμαι <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Metaph.</span>996b11</span>.</span><br /><span class="bld">δοῦλος</span> (B)<b class="b3">· ἡ οἰκία ἢ τὴν ἐπὶ τὸ αὐτὸ συνέλευσιν τῶν γυναικῶν</b>, Hsch.; cf. <b class="b3">δωλοδομεῖς, δωλέννετος</b>.

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[slave]], [[servant]], also as adj. with the comp. <b class="b3">δουλότερος</b> (Hdt.); <b class="b3">δούλη</b> f. <b class="b2">slave-woman, maid</b> (Il.); on the extension E. Kretschmer Glotta 18, 74f.<br />Other forms: <b class="b3">δῶλος</b> Cret.;<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. <b class="b2">do-e-ro</b>, <b class="b2">do-e-ra \/dohelos</b>, <b class="b2">dohela\/</b><br />Compounds: many subst. and adj. compp.<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">δουλίς</b> f. (Hyp.; cf. Schwyzer 127 and 465) with <b class="b3">δουλίδιον</b> (H.), <b class="b3">δουλάριον</b> (Ar.). - <b class="b3">δουλοσύνη</b> [[servanthood]] (Ion., Od.; vgl. Porzig Satzinhalte 226) with <b class="b3">δουλόσυνος</b> (E. Hek. 448 [lyr.]); s. Frisk Eranos 43, 220. - <b class="b3">δούλιος</b>, <b class="b3">-ειος</b> <b class="b2">slavish, of a servant</b> (Hom.), <b class="b3">δούλεος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (A. R.), <b class="b3">δουλικός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Att. etc.), <b class="b3">δουλικά</b> (<b class="b3">σώματα</b>) n. pl. [[slaves]] (Peripl. M. Rubr., Pap.). - Denomin. <b class="b3">δουλεύω</b> [[be slave]], [[serve]] (Ion.-Att.) with <b class="b3">δουλεία</b>, ion. <b class="b3">-ηΐη</b> [[servanthood]], <b class="b3">δούλευμα</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (trag.; s. Chantr. Form. 186), <b class="b3">δουλεύτρια</b> <b class="b2">female servant</b> (Eust.); <b class="b3">δουλόομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-όω</b> <b class="b2">be made servant</b> (Ion.-Att.) with <b class="b3">δούλωσις</b> (Th.) and <b class="b3">δουλωτικός</b> (Plu.).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: The forms point to <b class="b3">*δόελος</b>, prob. from <b class="b3">*δοhελος</b>. One adduces: <b class="b3">δοῦλος ἡ οἰκία</b>, <b class="b3">η την ἐπὶ τὸ αὑτὸ συνέλευσιν τῶν γυναικῶν</b> H. (unclear <b class="b3">δωλοδομεῖς οἰκογενεῖς</b>; wrong Schulze Q. 95 A. 3); the word has been changed in <b class="b3">δοῦμος</b> (Latte after Wackernagel; aigainst the word order), but there is no conclusion. The word is in any case a loan, acc. to Lambertz Glotta 6, 1ff. from Carian or Lydian (thus Benveniste Rev. d. ét. lat. 10, 438f.); Risch, Kratylos 29 (1984) 96f. remarks that then the word would have appeared much later (than Myc), but it could as well be Pre-Greek. Neumann (FS Risch)1986, 489-496) started from <b class="b2">*dm̥-sel-o-</b> > <b class="b2">*doh-elo-</b>, with <b class="b2">sel-</b> the root of <b class="b3">ἑλεῖν</b>. But <b class="b2">home-taken</b> does not give the right meaning (while Fr. [[domestique]] is perfect), and for [[o]] < <b class="b2">*m̥</b> in Attica etc. he gives only <b class="b3">ὄπατρος</b> as example.