κριθή: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">barley-corns</b>, usu. pl. [[barley]] (Il.); also metaph. = [[pustule on the eyelid]] (medic.; Strömberg Theophrastea 192, Wortstudien 63). On the meaning of <b class="b3">κριθή</b>, <b class="b3">πυρός</b>, <b class="b3">σῖτος</b> Moritz Class. Quart. 49 (N. S. 5) 129ff.<br />Other forms: Short form <b class="b3">κρῖ</b> n., s. below.<br />Compounds: Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">κριθό-πυρον</b> n. <b class="b2">mix of barley and wheat</b> (pap.; cf. on <b class="b3">διόσπυρον</b>), <b class="b3">εὔκριθος</b> <b class="b2">rich in barley</b> (Theoc., AP). --<br />Derivatives: Diminut.: <b class="b3">κριθίον</b> (Luc., Longos), <b class="b3">κριθίδιον</b>, also <b class="b2">decoction of barley</b> (Hp., Posidon.), <b class="b3">κριθάριον</b> (pap.). Further substantives: <b class="b3">κριθαία</b> <b class="b2">barley-soup</b> (Hom. Epigr. 15,7; after <b class="b3">ἁλμαία</b> a.o., Chantraine Formation 86); <b class="b3">κριθανίας</b> m. name of a kind of wheat (Theophr. HP 8, 2, 3 beside <b class="b3">σιτανίας</b>; after <b class="b3">νεανίας</b>? Strömberg Theophrastea 91; s. also Chantraine 94). Adjectives: <b class="b3">κρίθινος</b> <b class="b2">of barley</b> (Ion., hell.), <b class="b3">κριθάμινος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Polyaen.; after <b class="b3">σησάμινος</b>), <b class="b3">κριθικός</b> <b class="b2">consisting of barley</b> (pap.), <b class="b3">κριθώδης</b> <b class="b2">like barley, full of barley-corns</b> (Hp.). Denomin. verbs: <b class="b3">κριθάω</b> [[feed oneself with barley]] (A., S.), also <b class="b3">κριθιάω</b> (Arist.; after the verbs of disease in <b class="b3">-ιάω</b>, Schwyzer 732) with <b class="b3">κριθίασις</b> <b class="b2">surfeit caused by over-feeding with barley</b> (X.); <b class="b3">κριθίζω</b> <b class="b2">feed with barley</b> (Aesop., Babr.). - GN <b class="b3">Κριθώτη</b> (<b class="b3">-ωτή</b>) name of a land-tongue in Acarnania (Krahe IF 48, 223ff.). Surname <b class="b3">Κρίθων</b> (H.) from <b class="b3">κριθή</b> = <b class="b3">πόσθη</b> (Ar. Pax 965); Schulze KZ 29, 263 = Kl. Schr. 308.<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]<br />Etymology: The enlarged form <b class="b3">κριθ-ή</b> points to an original root noun <b class="b3">*κριθ</b>, from where ep. <b class="b3">κρῖ</b> n. (Il.), only nom. a. acc. (cf. Egli Heteroklisie 12). - The attempts to connect <b class="b3">κρῖ</b> with the western words for [[barley]], Lat. [[hordeum]], OHG [[gersta]], which are in themeselves not quite clear, have not given a convincing result. The for [[hordeum]] and [[Gerste]] supposed basic forms, IE. <b class="b2">*ghr̥zd(h)-</b>, resp. <b class="b2">*gherzd-</b>, would have given Gr. <b class="b3">*χραζ-</b> or <b class="b3">*χρασθ-</b> > <b class="b3">*κρασθ-</b>, resp. <b class="b3">*χερδ-</b> (<b class="b3">*χερθ-</b> > <b class="b3">*κερθ-</b>). <b class="b3">κρι</b> agrees better with Alb. [[drith]], <b class="b2">-ë</b> [[barley]], [[wheat]], of which <b class="b2">-ri-</b> may come from IE. <b class="b2">-r̥-</b>. Also Arm. [[gari]], gen. [[garwoy]] [[wheat]] (formally = IE. <b class="b2">*ghr̥i̯o-</b>) reminds of <b class="b3">κρῖ</b>; a similar word appears in Georgian, Grusin. [[qeri]] [[barley]], cf. Deeters IF 56, 140 f. Whether <b class="b3">κρῖ</b> goes back directly on an IE. basis, remains somewhat uncertain; perhaps we have to do with a Wanderwort. Also Egyptian origin has been considered (Schwyzer 61, Debrunner Eberts Reallex. 4, 525). -Attempts, to analyse <b class="b3">κρι</b> in Walde KZ 34, 528, Schwyzer 352; overtaken combinations in Wood Mod. Phil. 1, 240 (to OE [[grotan]], Engl. [[groats]] ), Persson Stud. 103. Details in Pok. 446, W.-Hofmann s. [[hordeum]]; cf Schrader-Nehring Reallex. 1, 389, Porzig Gliederung 209. - So we stop at a (Pre-Greek?) form <b class="b2">*krit</b>.