καλέω: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: `<b class="b2">call, by name = name (verb)</b> (Il.)<br />Other forms: ep. also <b class="b3">κικλήσκω</b>, Aeol. <b class="b3">κάλημι</b>, Cypr. <b class="b3">καλήζω</b>, aor. <b class="b3">καλέσ(σ)αι</b> (Il.), pass. <b class="b3">κληθῆναι</b> (Archil.), fut. <b class="b3">καλέω</b> (IA. since Γ 383), <b class="b3">καλῶ</b> (Att.), <b class="b3">καλέσω</b> (young Att., hell.), perf. med. <b class="b3">κέκλημαι</b> with fut. <b class="b3">κεκλήσομαι</b> (Il.), act. <b class="b3">κέκληκα</b> (Ar.).<br />Compounds: very often with prefix, e. g. <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">παρα-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-</b>, <b class="b3">προσ-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b>, As 1. member in <b class="b3">καλεσσί-χορος</b> [[calling to the dance]] (Orph. L. 718; Schwyzer 443f.); on <b class="b3">ὁμο-κλη</b> (<b class="b3">ὀμ-</b>), <b class="b3">-κλέω</b>, <b class="b3">-άω</b> s. v.<br />Derivatives: With disyll. stem: 1. <b class="b3">καλήτωρ</b> adjunct of <b class="b3">κῆρυξ</b> [[Caller]] (Ω 577), also as PN (Ο 419) with <b class="b3">Καλητορίδης</b> (Ν 541); <b class="b3">καλη-</b> as in <b class="b3">καλή-μεναι</b> (Κ 125; Aeol. athemat. formation?), perhaps after <b class="b3">κλη-</b> (Schulze Q. 16f., Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 17), if not metrically lenghtned (Solmsen Unt. 17); diff. again Schwyzer 531 n. 7 (after <b class="b3">καλέω</b> etc. for <b class="b3">κλη-</b>); thus 2. <b class="b3">Καλήσιος</b> (Ζ 18); 3. <b class="b3">κάλεσις</b> = <b class="b3">κλῆσις</b>, [[nominative]] (gramm.). - With monosyll. stem: 4. <b class="b3">κλῆσις</b> `<b class="b2">call, invitation, summons etc.</b> (Att. hell.), often from the prefixed verbs, e. g. <b class="b3">ἐπίκλη-σις</b> [[surname]] (Il.); 5. <b class="b3">-κλημα</b>, e. g. <b class="b3">ἔγκλη-μα</b> [[reproach]], [[accusation]] (Att.) with <b class="b3">ἐγκλήμων</b>, <b class="b3">-ματικός</b>, <b class="b3">-ματίζω</b> etc. 6. <b class="b3">κλητήρ</b>, <b class="b3">-ῆρος</b> [[herald]], [[witness]] (A., Att.); <b class="b3">ὁμοκλη-τήρ</b> <b class="b2">who calls</b> (Il.) from <b class="b3">ὁμοκλη</b>, <b class="b3">-έω</b> (s. v.); <b class="b3">ἀνακλητήρια</b> n. pl. <b class="b2">feast when a king is nominated</b> (Plb.); 7. <b class="b3">κλήτωρ</b>, <b class="b3">-ορος</b> [[witness]], also PN (hell.), after <b class="b3">κλητήρ</b> (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 17f.; on <b class="b3">καλήτωρ</b> : <b class="b3">κλητήρ</b> Benveniste Noms d'agent 29, 40, 46). - 8. <b class="b3">κλητός</b> [[called]], [[invited]], [[wellcome]] (Hom.; Ammann <b class="b3">Μνήμης χάριν</b> 1, 14 a. 21) with <b class="b3">κλητεύω</b> <b class="b2">call to justice etc.</b> (Att.), (<b class="b3">ἀνα-</b> etc.) <b class="b3">-κλη-τικός</b>; often from the prefixed verbs, e. g. <b class="b3">ἔκκλη-τος</b> `<b class="b2">called in</b> (IA. Dor.) with the collective abstract <b class="b3">ἐκκλησία</b> <b class="b2">(called) meeting</b> (IA.), [[community]], [[church]] (LXX, NT); with <b class="b3">ἐκκλησι-άζω</b> and <b class="b3">-αστής</b>, <b class="b3">-ασμός</b> etc.; with nominal 1. member as compound [Zusammenbildung] in <b class="b3">πολύ-κλη-τος</b> <b class="b2">often called</b>, i. e. <b class="b2">called on from many sides</b> ' (Δ 438, Κ 420; diff., not convincing, Kronasser Sprache 3, 172f.). - 9. <b class="b3">κλή-δην</b> <b class="b2">by name</b> (Ι 11; cf. <b class="b3">ἐξονομακλήδην</b>); 10. <b class="b3">ἐπίκλη-ν</b> `<b class="b2">with (sur)name</b> (Pl.; Schwyzer 425). - Deverbative formation <b class="b3">καλιστρέω</b> = <b class="b3">καλέω</b> (D. 47, 60 from Harp., Call.; prob. first from a noun, cf. <b class="b3">ἐλαστρέω</b> and Schwyzer 706). - On <b class="b3">κληΐζω</b>, <b class="b3">κληδών</b> (<b class="b3">κλεη-</b>, <b class="b3">κληη-</b>) s. [[κλέος]].<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [548] <b class="b2">*k(e)lh₁-</b> `[[call]]<br />Etymology: The disyll. verbal stem in <b class="b3">καλέ-σαι</b> (analogical <b class="b3">καλέσσαι</b>), as in <b class="b3">ὀλέ-σαι</b>, <b class="b3">ἀρό-σαι</b> etc. (Schwyzer 752); with <b class="b3">κλη-</b> in <b class="b3">κέ-κλη-μαι</b>, <b class="b3">κι-κλή-σκω</b>, <b class="b3">κλη-τός</b> compare <b class="b3">βλη-</b> in <b class="b3">βέ-βλη-μαι</b>, <b class="b3">βλη-τός</b>, from zero grade <b class="b2">*kl̥h₁-</b>. Beside monosyllabic <b class="b3">κλη-</b> (beside <b class="b3">καλέ-σαι</b>) Latin has <b class="b2">clā-</b> (<b class="b2">clā-mare</b>, <b class="b2">clā-rus</b>; beside <b class="b2">calā-re</b>). The present <b class="b3">καλέ-ω</b> is no doubt an innovation, prob. to <b class="b3">καλέσαι</b> (Fraenkel Mélanges Boisacq 1, 367; diff. on <b class="b3">καλέω</b>, <b class="b3">καλέσαι</b> Specht KZ 59, 85ff.). - (Not cognate are <b class="b3">κέλαδος</b> `[[noise]]'.) The <b class="b3">α-</b>vowel in <b class="b3">καλέ-σαι</b> will go back to a sonantic <b class="b2">l̥</b> ; the same vowel is found in Italic, Lat. [[calāre]] `[[declare]]', Umbr. <b class="b2">kařetu</b> (< <b class="b2">*kalē-tōd</b>); further the not fully explained OHG, OS [[halōn]] `[[call]], [[fetch]] (= [[calāre]]), Hitt.<b class="b2">kalleš-</b> [[call]], Skt. <b class="b2">uṣā-kal-a-</b> [[call]] (s. <b class="b3">ἠϊκανός</b>). As in the semant. close IE. <b class="b2">*kan-</b> (s. [[καναχή]]) the [[a]] is clearly very old (is it connected with the onomatop. charcater of the verb?). - Forms in Pok. 548ff.; further W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s. [[calō]].