μανθάνω: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">learn to know, experience</b> (Pi.).<br />Other forms: aor. <b class="b3">μαθεῖν</b> (Il.), fut. <b class="b3">μαθήσομαι</b> (Thgn., Parm.), perf. <b class="b3">μεμάθηκα</b> (Anacr., Xenoph., Emp.).<br />Compounds: also with prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">προ-</b>, <b class="b3">μετα-</b>.<br />Derivatives: Nom. actionis: 1. <b class="b3">μάθη</b> f. [[learning]], [[insight]] (Emp., H.). 2. <b class="b3">μάθος</b> n. <b class="b2">what is learnt, custom</b> (Alc., Hp., A.). 3. <b class="b3">μάθησις</b> = <b class="b3">μάθη</b> (Alcm., IA.; Holt Les noms d'action en <b class="b3">-σις</b> 99 w. n. 1). 4. <b class="b3">μάθημα</b> <b class="b2">what was learnt, knowledge</b>, pl. <b class="b2">(mathematical) sciences</b> (IA., hell.) with <b class="b3">μαθη-ματ-ικός</b> <b class="b2">fond of learning, scientific, mathematic</b> (Pl., Arist.; Chantraine Études 131 f.), <b class="b3">-ικεύομαι</b> <b class="b2">argue mathematically</b> (Dam.). 5. <b class="b3">μαθημοσύνη</b> [[learning]] (Phryg., Empire; Wyss <b class="b3">-συνη</b> 64). Nom. agentis: <b class="b3">μαθη-τής</b> [[disciple]] (IA.), with <b class="b3">-τικός</b> <b class="b2">like a disciple</b> (Pl., Arist.) and <b class="b3">-τικεύομαι</b> (Dem.), <b class="b3">-τεύω</b> <b class="b2">be a disciple, make a d.</b> (NT, Plu.) with <b class="b3">-τεία</b> [[education]] (Timo, D. Chr.), <b class="b3">-τιάω</b> <b class="b2">want to be a disciple</b> (Ar.); f. <b class="b3">-τρίς</b> (Ph.), <b class="b3">-τρια</b> (D.S., Act.Ap. u.a.); <b class="b3">μαθετής</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Knossos IIa; after <b class="b3">εὑρετής</b>? Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 186).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [730] <b class="b2">*mendʰ-</b> [[direct ones attention on]]<br />Etymology: On the meaning s. B. Snell Ausdrücke 74f., H. Dörrie, Leid und Erfahrung. Die Wort- und Sinnverbindung <b class="b3">παθεῖν</b> -- <b class="b3">μαθεῖν</b> im griech. Denken. Mainz 1956. The Greek forms all go back on the zero grade aorist <b class="b3">μαθεῖν</b>; full grades could have either <b class="b3">μενθ-ήρη</b> <b class="b3">φροντίς</b>, <b class="b3">μέριμνα</b>' (H., EM) or <b class="b3">προ-μηθ-ής</b> [[design]], [[careful]]. The last is isolated (cf. s. v.); with <b class="b3">μενθ-</b> agrees OHG [[mendī]] [[gladness]] with [[menden]] [[rejoice]], beside zero grade e.g. in Goth. <b class="b2">mundon sis</b> <b class="b2">look at one, σκοπεῖν</b>, OWNo. [[munda]] <b class="b2">aim (with a weapon), have a goal</b>. The root has more or less probable representatives in other languages: Alb. [[mund]] [[can]], [[overcome]] (IE <b class="b2">*mn̥dh-</b>); Celt., e.g. Welsh [[mynnu]] [[want]], Lith. <b class="b2">mañdras</b> [[lively]], [[cheerful]], OCS <b class="b2">mǫdrъ</b> <b class="b3">φρόνιμος</b>, <b class="b3">σοφός</b>', all with full grade (<b class="b2">*mendh-</b> or <b class="b2">*mondh-</b>). On Skt. <b class="b2">medhā́</b> [[wisdom]], [[insight]], Av. [[mazdā]] [[rememberance]] s. Mayrhofer Bibliotheca Orientalis (Leiden) 13 (1956), 112 Sp. 2, where with Duchesne-Guillemin a basis <b class="b2">*mn̥sdhā</b> (to <b class="b2">mánas</b> = <b class="b3">μένος</b>) is assumed. - Further forms in WP. 2, 270 f. (<b class="b2">*mendh-</b> [[direct ones mind on]]), Pok. 730, Fraenkel Wb. s. <b class="b2">mañdras</b>, Vasmer Wb. s. <b class="b2">múdryj</b>; there also on the further analysis in <b class="b2">men-dh-</b> (to <b class="b3">μένος</b>).