πνεῦμα: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ατος, τό, (πνέω) <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[blast]], [[wind]], first in <span class="bibl">Anaximen.2</span>, <b class="b3">ὅλον τὸν κόσμον πνεῦμα καὶ ἀὴρ περιέχει</b>: freq. in Trag., etc., ἀνέμων πνεύματα πάντων <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>1086</span> (anap.), cf. <span class="bibl">1047</span> (anap.); θαλάσσας… πνεύματι λάβρῳ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pers.</span>110</span>(lyr.); πνευμάτων ἐπομβρίᾳ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>300.3</span>; τέως δὲ κούφοις πνεύμασιν βόσκου <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>558</span>; πνεύμασιν θαλασσίοις ἐξωσθέντες <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span> 278</span> (but [[πνοή]] is commoner in Poets; Hom. uses [[πνοιή]]) ; πνεύματα ἀνέμων <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.16</span>.ά; τὸ πνεῦμα κατῄει <span class="bibl">Th.2.84</span>; <b class="b3">κατὰ πρύμναν ἵσταται τὸ π</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">97</span>; τὸ πνεῦμα λεῖον καὶ καθεστηκὸς λαβεῖν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>1003</span>; τὸ πνεῦμα ἔλαττον γίγνεται <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Eq.</span>441</span>; εἰ φορὸν πνεῦμα εἴη <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>6.2.27</span>; <b class="b3">κατὰ πνεῦμα στῆναι τοῦ ἄρρενος</b> to [[leeward]] of him, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>560b14</span>; but <b class="b3">κατὰ πνεῦμα προσιόντες</b> down [[wind]], ib.<span class="bibl">535a19</span>; <b class="b3">πνεύματος ἀνείλησις, ἐκπύρωσις</b>, <span class="bibl">Epicur. <span class="title">Ep.</span>2pp.44,45</span> U.; as an element, [[air]], <span class="bibl">Corp.Herm.1.9</span>, <span class="bibl">16</span>; τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ περὶ τὴν ψυχήν <span class="bibl">Plot.2.2.2</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Porph.<span class="title">Sent.</span>29</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> metaph., <b class="b3">θαλερωτέρῳ π</b>. with more genial [[breeze]] or [[influence]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>708</span>(lyr.); λύσσης πνεῦμα μάργῳ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pr.</span>884</span>(anap.); <b class="b3">αἰδοίῳ πνεῦμα χώρας</b> with [[air]] or [[spirit]] of respect on the part of the country, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Supp.</span>29</span>(anap.); <b class="b3">πνεῦμα ταὐτὸν οὔποτ'… ἐν ἀνδράσιν φίλοις βέβηκεν</b> <b class="b2">the wind</b> is constantly changing even among friends, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>612</span>; πνεῦμα συμφορᾶς <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>1317</span>; ὅταν θεοῦ σοι πνεῦμα μεταβαλὸν τύχῃ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HF</span>216</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[breathed air]], [[breath]], σάλπιγξ βροτείου πνεύματος πληρουμένη <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>568</span>; <b class="b3">αὐλῶν, λωτοῦ π</b>., <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>128</span>(lyr.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>787</span> (lyr., pl.); <b class="b3">πνεῦμα ἀπέρρηξεν βίου</b> <b class="b2">the breath</b> of life, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>507</span>; πνεῦμα ἀπώλεσεν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Th.</span>984</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">πνεῦμα ἄθροισον</b> collect [[breath]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>851</span>; <b class="b3">πνεῦμα ἀφεῖναι, ἀνεῖναι, μεθεῖναι</b>, to give up <b class="b2">the ghost</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hec.</span>571</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Or.</span>277</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>785</span> (anap.); πνεῦμα δειμαίνων λιπεῖν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Supp.</span>554</span>; πνεῦμα… δυσῶδες ἠφίει <span class="bibl">Th.2.49</span>; <b class="b3">πνεύματος διαρροαί</b> the wind-pipe, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>567</span>; τὰς τοῦ π. διεξόδους ἀποφράττον <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>91c</span> (v. <b class="b3">πνεύμων</b>) ; πνεύματος ῥώμη Plu.2.804b: prov., <b class="b3">ἄνθρωπός ἐστι πνεῦμα καὶ σκιὰ μόνον</b> <b class="b2">human being is only a breath and a shadow</b> <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>13</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[breathing]], [[respiration]], freq. in Hp., <b class="b3">πνεῦμα πυκνόν, ἀραιόν, ἐκτεῖνον, κατεπεῖγον</b>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Epid.</span>2.3.7</span>; πνεῦμα πυκνότερον <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Acut.</span>16</span>; <b class="b3">πνεῦμα προσκόπτον</b> checked, difficult [[breathing]], [[Aph]].<span class="bibl">4.68</span>; <b class="b3">πνεῦμα ἄσημον</b> indistinct, feeble [[breathing]], [[Epid]].<span class="bibl">6.7.8</span>; πνεῦμα βηχῶδες <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Coac.</span>622</span>; <b class="b3">πνεῦμα μετέωρον</b> shallow [[breathing]], [[Epid]].<span class="bibl">2.3.1</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ πνεῦμα ἔχειν ἄνω</b> to be out of [[breath]], <span class="bibl">Men.23</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Sosicr.1</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ πνεῦμα ἀνήνεγκαν</b> recovered their [[breath]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Prorrh.</span>2.12</span> (so without τὸ πνεῦμα <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Aph.</span>2.43</span>); but <b class="b3">ἀναφέρουσιν… κλαίοντά τε καὶ ἐς τὰς ῥῖνας ἀνέλκοντα τὸ π</b>. they <b class="b2">sob…</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hebd.</span>51</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> pl., of the air imagined as filling the veins, <b class="b3">πνευμάτων ἀπολήψιες ἀνὰ φλέβας</b> Id.<b class="b2">Acut.(Sp.)</b><span class="bibl">7</span>,al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[flatulence]], in pl., <span class="bibl">Eub.107.9</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pr.</span> 948b25</span>, Dsc.2.112, <span class="bibl">D.L.6.94</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">breath of life</b>, πνεῦμα ζωῆς <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Ge.</span>6.17</span>, <span class="bibl">7.15</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Per.</span>13</span>,etc.; <b class="b3">πνεῦμα ἔχειν</b> retain [[life]], <span class="bibl">Plb.31.10.4</span>; <b class="b2">living being</b>, ἐγὼ Νίνος πάλαι ποτ' ἐγενόμην πνεῦμα <span class="bibl">Phoen.1.16</span>; <b class="b3">οὐ πνεῦμα πάντα βρότεια σοὶ</b> (sc. <b class="b3">Πλούτωνι</b>) νέμεται; <span class="title">IG</span>14.769 (Naples). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b2">that which is breathed forth</b> or [[exhaled]], [[odour]], ὦ θεῖον ὀδμῆς πνεῦμα <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>1391</span>; <b class="b3">πνεῦμα βαρὺ ἀφιεῖσα</b>, of a tree, Plu.2.647b. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> Gramm., <b class="b2">breathing with which a vowel is pronounced</b>, ib. 1009e (pl.), <span class="bibl">A.D.<span class="title">Adv.</span>147.18</span>; <b class="b3">πνεῦμα δασύ, ψιλόν</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pron.</span> 78.6</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Adv.</span>148.9</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">divine inspiration</b>, ἄγρια… πνεύματα θευφορίης <span class="title">AP</span>6.220.4 (Diosc.); εἰ μή τι θεῖον… ἐνῆν πνεῦμα τῇ ψυχῇ <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ax.</span>370c</span>; τὸ ἱερὸν καὶ δαιμόνιον ἐν μούσαις πνεῦμα Plu.2.605a; καθαρὸν δίκαιον… πνεῦμα θεοῦ σωτῆρος <span class="title">BMus.Inscr.</span>1062(Cyrene, ii A. D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> the [[spirit]] of God, πνεῦμα θεοῦ <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Ge.</span>1.2</span>, etc.: freq. in [[NT]], τὸ πνεῦμα τὸ ἅγιον <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Marc.</span>3.29</span>,al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[spirit]] of man, εἴτ' ἐστὶ τοῦτο πνεῦμα θεῖον εἴτε νοῦς <span class="bibl">Men.482.3</span>: in [[NT]], opp. <b class="b3">ψυχή</b>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Thess.</span>5.23</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>8.2</span>; <b class="b3">τῷ π</b>., opp. <b class="b3">τῷ σώματι</b>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Cor.</span>5.3</span>; also, opp. <b class="b3">γράμμα</b>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>2.29</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> [[spiritual]] or [[immaterial being]], [[angel]], Ep.Hebr.1.14, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Apoc.</span>1.4</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ ἄχραντα πνεῦματα, τὰ</b> <b class="b3">κακὰ πνεῦματα</b>, <span class="bibl">Iamb.<span class="title">Myst.</span>3.31</span>; <b class="b3">πνεῦμα πονηρόν, ψευδές</b>, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Jd.</span>9.23</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">3 Ki.</span>22.21</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>19.12</span>, <span class="bibl">15</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Apoc.</span>16.14</span>, Porph. ap. <span class="bibl">Eus.<span class="title">PE</span>4.23</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἀλάλου καὶ κακοῦ πνεῦματος οὖσα πλήρης</b> (sc. <b class="b3">ἡ Πυθία</b>) Plu.2.438b. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VI</span> Rhet., <b class="b2">sentence declaimed in one breath</b>, <span class="bibl">Hermog.<span class="title">Inv.</span>3.10</span>,<span class="bibl">4.4</span>,al.</span>