φοβέω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=3pl. imper. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> φοβεόντων <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.235</span>: Ion. impf. φοβέεσκον <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>162</span>: fut. -ήσω <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>357</span> (lyr.), (ἐκ-) <span class="bibl">Th.4.126</span> (dub.): aor. ἐφόβησα <span class="bibl">Il.15.15</span>, etc.:—Pass. and Med., Ion. <span class="bibl">2</span> sing. φοβέαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.39</span>; Ion. imper. <b class="b3">φοβεῦ</b> or <b class="b3">φοβέο</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.1.9</span>, <span class="bibl">7.52</span>: Ep. 3pl. impf. φοβέοντο <span class="bibl">Il.6.41</span>: fut. φοβήσομαι <span class="bibl">22.250</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>649c</span>, <span class="bibl">D.15.23</span>, etc.; φοβηθήσομαι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.3.30</span>, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Brut.</span>40</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Zeux.</span>9</span>, v.l. in <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span> 470a</span>: aor. Pass. ἐφοβήθην <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.27</span>, etc., Ep. 3pl. <b class="b3">ἐφόβηθεν</b> or <b class="b3">φόβηθεν</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.15.326</span>,<span class="bibl">5.498</span>; aor. Med. <b class="b3">ἐφοβησάμην</b> only <span class="title">Anacreont.</span>31.11: pf. πεφόβημαι <span class="bibl">Il.10.510</span>, etc.: plpf. 3pl. ἐπεφόβηντο <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>7.4.32</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.5.50</span>, Ep. πεφοβήατο <span class="bibl">Il.21.206</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> Act., in Hom. (never in Od.) always in the sense <b class="b2">put to flight</b>, [ἴρηξ] ἐφόβησε κολοιούς <span class="bibl">Il.16.583</span>; [<b class="b3">Ζεὺς] καὶ ἄλκιμον ἄνδρα φοβεῖ</b> ib. <span class="bibl">689</span>; Τρώων οὓς ἐφόβησας <span class="bibl">22.11</span>; φοβῆσαίτε στίχας ἀνδρῶν <span class="bibl">17.505</span>; σὸς δόλος . . ἐφόβησε δὲ λαούς <span class="bibl">15.15</span>; σέ γέ φημι . . δουρὶ φοβῆσαι <span class="bibl">20.187</span>; once in Hes., <b class="b3">φοβέεσκον ἐπὶ χθονὶ φῦλ' ἀνθρώπων</b> l.c. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[terrify]], [[alarm]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.235</span>, etc.; μὴ φίλους φόβει <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>262</span>; ᾧ μή 'στι δρῶντι τάρβος οὐδ' ἔπος φοβεῖ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>296</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1013</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>572</span> (lyr.); ἡ δύναμις τῶν νέων φοβοῦσά τινας <span class="bibl">Antipho 4.3.2</span>; αἱ κάμηλοι ἐφόβουν τους ἵππους <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.1.48</span>; ρὸν Ἀλκιβιάδην ἐφόβουν, μὴ . . ἐπαγάγωνται <span class="bibl">Th.5.45</span>; c. dat.modi, λόγοις <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>215</span> (troch.); μεγαληγορίαισι φρένας <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span> 357</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">τῷ μὲν Τισσαφέρνει τοὺς Ἀθηναίους φ., ἐκείνοις δὲ τὸν Τισσαφέρνην</b> <b class="b2">to frighten</b> the Athenians with T., and T. with the Athenians, <span class="bibl">Th.8.82</span>; c. part., <b class="b3">λέγοντες φ. τινάς</b> [[by]] saying, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Eq.Mag.</span>1.8</span>; <b class="b3">λέγοντες ὡς ἥξει βασιλεύς</b> D <span class="bibl">14.25</span>: abs., πόνος ὁ μὴ φοβῶν κράτιστος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>864</span> (lyr.), φοβήσαντες κατεστήσαντο τὴν πολιτείαν <b class="b2">by terror</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>551b</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> c.acc. rei, <b class="b2">threaten with</b>, φ. λιμόν <span class="bibl">D.H.6.51</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">B</span> Pass. and Med., in Hom. always in the sense <b class="b2">to be put to flight</b> (cf. Sch.A <span class="bibl">Il.5.223</span>, al.), once in Od., κύνες . . διὰ σταθμοῖο φόβηθεν <span class="bibl">16.163</span>; freq. in Il., ὑπέμειναν ἀολλέες οὐδὲ φόβηθεν <span class="bibl">5.498</span>; τοὶ δ' ἐφόβηθεν . . θεσπεσίῳ ὁμάδῳ <span class="bibl">16.294</span>; κὰμ μέσσον πεδίον φοβέοντο βόες ὣς ἅς τε λέων ἐφόβησε <span class="bibl">11.172</span>; also part., μὴ καὶ πεφοβημένος ἔλθης <span class="bibl">10.510</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">15.4</span>, <span class="bibl">21.606</span>; φοβηθεὶς δύσεθ' ἁλὸς κατὰ κῦμα <b class="b2">in flight</b>, <span class="bibl">6.135</span>; βῆ δὲ φοβηθείς <span class="bibl">22.137</span>: <b class="b3">ὑπό τινος φοβέεσθαι</b> <b class="b2">to flee</b> before him, <span class="bibl">8.149</span>; ὑπό τινι <span class="bibl">15.637</span>; c. acc., οὔ σ' ἔτι . . φοβήσομαι ὡς τὸ πάρος περ <span class="bibl">22.250</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">to be seized with fear, be affrighted</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt. 9.70</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1166</span>, etc.—Constr., </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> abs., πεφόβημαι πτηνῆς ὡς ὄμμα πελείας <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>139</span> (anap.); <b class="b3">φοβηθέντες ᾤχοντο φεύγοντες</b> flying <b class="b2">in terror</b>, <span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.43</span>; <b class="b3">ἃ μὴ οἶδα . . οὐδέποτε φοβήσομαι οὐδὲ φεύξομαι</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>29b</span>, etc.: c. dat. instrum., μάστιγι φ. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Rh.</span>37</span> (anap.): c. acc. cogn., φ. αἰσχροὺς φόβους <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>360b</span>; ἐφοβήθησαν φόβον μέγαν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Marc.</span>4.41</span>; τὸν φόβον αὐτῶν μὴ φοβηθῆτε <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Pet.</span>3.14</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> folld. by Preps., <b class="b3">φ. ἀπό τινος</b> <b class="b2">to be afraid of</b> one (prob. a Hebraism), <span class="bibl">LXX<span class="title">Le.</span>26.2</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Je.</span>1.8</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>10.28</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>12.4</span>; <b class="b3">ἔκ τινος</b> [[from]] some cause, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>671</span>; <b class="b3">εἴς τι</b> <b class="b2">to be alarmed</b> at a thing, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">OT</span>980</span>; πρός τι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1211</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Prom.Es</span>4</span>, <span class="bibl">Lib.<span class="title">Or.</span>50.18</span>; <b class="b3">ἐπί τινι</b> [[fear]] for . . <span class="bibl">Luc. <span class="title">DMar.</span>14.4</span>; but <b class="b3">φ. ἀμφὶ γυναικί</b> [[fear]] about... <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.62</span>; περὶ ἡμῶν <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Cyr.</span>5.2.35</span>, etc.; περί τινι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthd.</span>275b</span> (περὶ σφίσιν αὐτοῖς τὸ κατάδηλον <span class="bibl">Th.4.123</span>); περὶ χωρίῳ <span class="bibl">Id.2.90</span>; ὑπὲρ τῶν μελλόντων <span class="bibl">And.4.36</span>; περί τι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Cra.</span>404e</span>; πρὸς ἀνδρὸς ἢ τέκνων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>150</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> folld. by a relat. clause, <b class="b3">φοβεῑσθαι μὴ</b> . . [[fear]] lest a thing will be... <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>770</span> (troch.), <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>606</span> (troch.), <span class="bibl">Th.1.95</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">φ. ὅπως μὴ</b> . . <span class="bibl">Id.6.13</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>2.9.3</span>; <b class="b3">φ. μὴ οὐ</b> . . <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Oec.</span>16.6</span>; freq. c.acc. folld. by <b class="b3">μή, ταῦτ' οὖν φοβοῦμαι, μὴ</b> . . <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>550</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.1.2</span>; <b class="b3">φ. τοὺς οὐσίαν κεκτημένους, μὴ</b> . . <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span> 232c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.1.88</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">φ. ὑπέρ τινος, μὴ</b> . . <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>387c</span>; c. inf. folld. by μή, φοβοίμην ἂν τῷ ἡγεμόνι ἕπεσθαι, μὴ ἀγάγῃ κτλ. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.3.17</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>143e</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Grg.</span>457e</span>: also <b class="b3">φ. ὅτι . .</b>, = [[φ. μὴ]]... in a more positive sense, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.1.1</span>, <span class="bibl">D.C.52.26</span>; <b class="b3">φ. τόδε, ὅτι</b> . . <span class="bibl">Th.7.67</span> (but <b class="b3">φ. τὸ κάεσθαι, ὅτι ἀλγεινόν</b> because... <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>479a</span>): <b class="b3">διὰ τοῦτο φ. τινας, ὅτι</b> . . lsoc.<span class="bibl">6.60</span>; less freq. <b class="b3">φ. ὡς</b> . . <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>5.2.12</span>; <b class="b3">φ. πῶς χρὴ</b> . . ib.<span class="bibl">4.5.19</span>; <b class="b3">φ. εἰ δεήσει</b> . . ib.<span class="bibl">6.1.17</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> c. inf. with Art., φ. τὸ ἀποθνῄσκειν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>522e</span>, etc.: more freq. c. inf. alone, <b class="b2">fear to</b> do, <b class="b2">be afraid of</b> doing, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>46</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>253</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>628</span>, etc.: c. inf. fut., <span class="bibl">Th. 5.105</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> c. acc. pers., <b class="b2">stand in awe of, dread</b>, δαίμονας τοὺς ἐνθάδε <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>893</span>; στρατὸν Ἀχαιῶν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1250</span>; τοὺς ἄνω θεούς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span> 927b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Isoc.1.16</span>, etc.; τὰς κύνας <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>5.16</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> c. acc. rei, [[fear]] or <b class="b2">fear about</b> a thing, βρόμον <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>476</span>; τὸ προσέρπον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>227</span> (lyr.); μέμψιν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>1057</span>; τὸ τοιοῦτον σῶμα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>239d</span>; δουλείαν καὶ δεσμόν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.1.24</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> c. gen., <b class="b3">πεφοβημένος νυκτός, θαλάσσης</b>, <span class="bibl">Arat.290</span>, <span class="bibl">766</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">8</span> c. part., προδιδοὺς φοβηθείς <span class="bibl">Lycurg.17</span>.</span>