νύξ: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=νυκτός<br />Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: [[night]] (Il.).<br />Compounds: Often as 1. member, e.g. <b class="b3">νυκτο-μαχ-ία</b>, <b class="b3">-ίη</b> f. abstract formation as if from <b class="b3">*νυκτο-μάχος</b>; <b class="b3">νυκτο-μαχέω</b> Plu.), <b class="b3">νυκτί-πλαγκτος</b> [[causing to wander by night]] (A.; with locativ. 1. member, partly prob. also analogical; cf. below); as 2. member e.g. in <b class="b3">ἀωρό-νυκτ-ος</b> <b class="b2">in untimely nightly hour</b> (A. Ch. 34), <b class="b3">μεσο-νύκτ-ιος</b> <b class="b2">in the middle of the night</b> (Pi., Hp.; from <b class="b3">μέσαι νύκτες</b>); besides <b class="b3">-νυχ-</b>, e.g. <b class="b3">ἔν-νυχ-ος</b>, <b class="b3">ἐν-νύχ-ιος</b> <b class="b2">nightly, in the night</b> (Il.), <b class="b3">νύχιος</b> [[nightly]] (Hes.), <b class="b3">νυχεύω</b> <b class="b2">wake through the night</b> (E., Nic.); cf. below.<br />Derivatives: Many derivv., most with <b class="b3">ρ-</b>suffix (s. below): 1. <b class="b3">νύκτωρ</b> adv. <b class="b2">at night</b> (Hes., Archil.); 2. <b class="b3">νύκτερος</b> [[nightly]] (trag.) with <b class="b3">νυκτερίς</b>, <b class="b3">-ίδος</b> f. [[bat]] (Od., cf. Lommel Femininbild. 53), also as fish- and plantname (Opp., resp. Aët.; Strömberg Fischn. 111, s. also Pflanzenn. 74 on <b class="b3">ἑσπερίς</b> a.o.), <b class="b3">νυκτερῖτις</b>, <b class="b3">-ιδος</b> f. <b class="b3">ἀναγαλλὶς ἡ κυανῆ</b>' (Ps.-Dsc.; Redard 74f.), <b class="b3">νυκτερεύω</b> <b class="b2">pass the night waking</b>, also with <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐν-</b> etc. (X.), from which <b class="b3">νυκτερ-εία</b> f. <b class="b2">nightly chase</b> (Pl.), <b class="b3">-ευμα</b> n. [[nightquarters]] (Plb.), <b class="b3">-ευτής</b> m. <b class="b2">nightly hunter</b> (Pl.), <b class="b3">-ευτικός</b> <b class="b2">useful in nightly hunt</b> (X.); 3. <b class="b3">νυκτέριος</b> [[nightly]] (Aret., Luc.), <b class="b3">τὰ νυκτέρεια</b> = <b class="b3">ἡ νυκτερεία</b> (Eun.); 4. <b class="b3">νυκτερινός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (IA.) with <b class="b3">νυκτερινία</b> or <b class="b3">-εία</b> f. <b class="b2">direction of night watch</b> (Ephesos Ip; wr. <b class="b3">-ηα</b>); 5. <b class="b3">νυκτερήσιος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Luc., S. E.; for <b class="b3">-ίσιος</b>?, s. Fraenkel 2, 151, n. 1 a. below). -- Further the rare <b class="b3">νύκτιος</b> [[nightly]] (AP), <b class="b3">νυκτῳ̃ον</b> n. <b class="b2">temple of the night</b> (Luc.), after <b class="b3">μητρῳ̃ον</b> a. o., <b class="b3">Νυκτεύς</b> m. PN (Apollod., prob. shortname; Bosshardt 125 f.). -- On itself stands with <b class="b3">λ-</b>sufflx <b class="b3">νυκτάλωψ</b>, s. v. But <b class="b3">νυκτέλιος</b> adjunct of Dionysos (AP, Plu., Paus.) haplologically for <b class="b3">*νυκτι-τέλιος</b> as hypostasis of <b class="b3">νύξ</b> and <b class="b3">τέλος</b> (<b class="b3">τελέω</b>), cf. <b class="b3">νυκτελεῖν ἐν νυκτὶ τελεῖν</b> H. and Schwyzer 483.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [762] <b class="b2">*nekʷt-</b> [[night]]<br />Etymology: Old inherited word for [[night]], in most IE languages retained: Lat. [[nox]], gen. pl. <b class="b2">nocti-um</b>, Germ., e.g. Goth. [[nahts]], Skt. <b class="b2">nák</b>, acc. <b class="b2">nákt-am</b> (as adv.), Lith. <b class="b2">naktìs</b>, gen. pl. <b class="b2">nakt-ų̄</b>, Slav., e.g. OCS [[noštь]] etc., all from IE <b class="b2">*nokt-</b>; the <b class="b2">i-</b>stem in Lat. <b class="b2">nocti-um</b>, Lith. <b class="b2">nakt-ìs</b>, OCS <b class="b2">nošt-ь</b> etc. comes from innovations of the separate languages. The deviating <b class="b3">υ</b> in <b class="b3">νύξ</b> is often explained as reduced grade e.g. by Brugmann (e.g. Grundr.2II: 1,435), who sees in it the reflex of a following labiovelar; basis then <b class="b2">*nokʷt-</b>, what is confirmed by Hitt. [[nekuz]] (gen. sg.) from IE <b class="b2">*nekʷt-s</b>. Diff. W. Petersen AmJPh. 56, 56f. (<b class="b3">υ</b> after <b class="b3">*λύξ</b> in <b class="b3">ἀμφι-λύκ-η</b> etc.); Sapir Lang. 14, 274 (<b class="b3">υ</b> from a laryngal, which is certainly wrong); diff. still H. Petersson LUÅ, NF 11 : 5, 12 f. (rejected by imself Heteroklisie 122 f.). -- The pregr. existence of the <b class="b2">r-</b>stem in <b class="b3">νύκτωρ</b> (formation like <b class="b3">ὕδωρ</b>?; Schwyzer 519 a. n. 4) etc. is proven by Lat. [[nocturnus]]; the further formation of the adjectives goes partly parallel to the derivv. from <b class="b3">ἦμαρ</b>, <b class="b3">ἡμέρα</b>: <b class="b3">νυκτερινός</b> : <b class="b3">ἡμερινός</b>, <b class="b3">νυκτέριος</b> : <b class="b3">ἡμέριος</b>, <b class="b3">νυκτερήσιος</b> : <b class="b3">ἡμερήσιος</b> (s.v.); also <b class="b3">νυκτερεύω</b> : <b class="b3">ἡμερεύω</b>. Diff., hardly correct on <b class="b3">νύκτερος</b> Szemerényi Glotta 38, 120: innovation after <b class="b3">ἕσπερος</b>. An <b class="b2">i-</b>stem, alternating with the <b class="b2">r-</b>stem, is supposed by Benveniste Origines 81 with doubtful right in the 1. member <b class="b3">νυκτι-</b>-; cf. above. -- The aspirated and <b class="b2">t-</b>less form in <b class="b3">νύχα νύκτωρ</b> H., <b class="b3">ἔν-νυχ-ος</b>, <b class="b3">-ιος</b>, <b class="b3">εἰνά-νυχ-ες</b>, <b class="b2">nine nights long</b>, <b class="b3">νύχιος</b> etc. is attested only for Greek; a convincing explanation has not yet been given; s. the lit. in W.-Hofmann s. [[nox]] (with many details) and WP. 2, 338; also Specht Ursprung 220 and Austin Lang. 18, 24 (with Belardi Doxa 3, 215). On <b class="b3">-νυχ-</b> as 2. member also Sommer Nominalkomp. 64 f.