ξένος: Difference between revisions

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[foreigner]], [[guest]], [[guestfriend]], [[host]] (Il.), [[mercenary]], [[soldier]] (ξ 102, Att.); <b class="b3">ξένη</b> (scil. <b class="b3">γυνή</b>, <b class="b3">γῆ</b>) f. <b class="b2">the foreign, foreign country</b> (trag., X.); adj. [[foreign]] (posthom.).<br />Other forms: ep. Ion. poet. <b class="b3">ξεῖνος</b>, Dor. <b class="b3">ξένϜος</b> (in Cor. <b class="b3">ΞενϜοκλῆς</b>, Corc. El. <b class="b3">ΞενϜάρης</b>), <b class="b3">ξῆνος</b> (Cyr. <b class="b3">Φιλόξηνος</b>), (hyper)Aeol. <b class="b3">ξέννος</b> (Hdn.; vgl. Schwyzer 228), (?),<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[kesenuwo]] \/[[ksenwos]]\/<br />Compounds: Many compp., e.g. <b class="b3">ξενο-</b>, <b class="b3">ξεινο-δόκος</b> m. <b class="b2">receiving foreigners, guests, host</b> (Il.), <b class="b3">φιλό-ξε(ι)νος</b> [[loving guests]], [[hospitable]] (Od.; on the verbal function of the 1. element Schwyzer 442), <b class="b3">πρόξενος</b>, Corc. <b class="b3">πρόξενϜος</b> m. <b class="b2">deputy guest, state guest</b> (posthom.; Risch IF 59, 38 f.); on <b class="b3">Εὔξεινος</b> (<b class="b3">πόντος</b>) s. v.<br />Derivatives: A. Adj. 1. <b class="b3">ξένιος</b>, <b class="b3">ξείνιος</b> <b class="b2">regarding the foreigner</b>, <b class="b3">τὰ ξε(ί)νια</b> <b class="b2">gust-gifts</b> (Il.; Myc. [[kesenuwija]]); 2. younger <b class="b3">ξε(ι)νικός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (IA.; Chantraine Études, s. Index) ; 3. <b class="b3">ξεινήϊος</b> in <b class="b3">τὰ ξεινήϊα</b> (<b class="b3">τὸ ξ-ον</b>) = <b class="b3">τὰ ξείνια</b> (Hom.), after <b class="b3">πρεσβήϊα</b> (Risch ̨ 46); 4. <b class="b3">ξενόεις</b> <b class="b2">full of foreigners</b> (E. in lyr.). B. Subst. 1. <b class="b3">ξε(ι)νίη</b>, <b class="b3">-ία</b> f. <b class="b2">guest-friendship, guest-right</b> (since <b class="b3">ω</b>); 2. <b class="b3">ξεινοσύνη</b> f. [[hospitality]] (φ 35; Porzig Satzinhalte 226, Wyss <b class="b3">-συνη</b> 26); 3. <b class="b3">ξενών</b>, <b class="b3">-ῶνος</b> m. <b class="b2">guest-room, -house</b> (E., Pl.; cf. H.Bolkestein <b class="b3">Ξενών</b> [MAWNeth. 84 B : 3] 1937); <b class="b3">ξενῶνες οἱ ἀνδρῶνες ὑπὸ Φρυγῶν</b> H.; after Pisani AnFilCl 6, 211ff. to the family of <b class="b3">χθών</b>(?); 4. <b class="b3">ξενίς</b>, <b class="b3">-ίδος</b> f. [[road leading into foreign countries]] (Delph. IIa); 5. <b class="b3">ξενίδιον</b> n. <b class="b2">small guesthous</b> (pap. IIIp); 6. <b class="b3">ξεν-ύδριον</b> (Men.), <b class="b3">-ύλλιον</b> (Plu.) depreciatory dimin. of <b class="b3">ξένος</b> (Chantraine Form. 73 f.). C. Verbs. 1. <b class="b3">ξε(ι)νίζω</b> [[receive guestly]], [[hospitalize]] (Il.), also [[wonder]] (hell.) with <b class="b3">ξένισις</b> f. [[hospitality]] (Th.), <b class="b3">ξενισμός</b> m. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Pl., inscr., Luc.), also [[wonder]], [[innovation]] (Plb., D. S., Dsc.); <b class="b3">ξενιστής</b> m. [[host]] (sch.). 2. <b class="b3">ξε(ι)νόομαι</b> <b class="b2">accept s.body as a guest</b> (Pi., IA.), also <b class="b2">live in foreign country, go in ..</b> (S., E.), <b class="b3">-όω</b> [[embessle]] (Hld.); <b class="b3">ξένωσις</b> f. <b class="b2">residence abroad</b> (E. HF 965; cf. v. Wilamowitz ad loc.). 3. <b class="b3">ξενιτεύομαι</b> <b class="b2">serve as soldier abroad</b> (Isoc., Antiph.), <b class="b3">-ω</b> <b class="b2">live abroad</b> (Timae. Hist., J.); after <b class="b3">πολιτεύομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-ω</b> : <b class="b3">πολίτης</b> : <b class="b3">πόλις</b> (Georgacas Glotta 36, 173); <b class="b3">ξενιτ-εία</b> f. [[mercenary]], [[live abroad]] (Democr., LXX), <b class="b3">-ευτής</b> m. <b class="b2">who lives abroad</b> (VIp).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]<br />Etymology: Isolated. The semantic agreement with the old word for [[foreigner]], [[guest]] in Lat. [[hostis]] m. [[foreigner]], [[enemy]], Germ., e.g. Goth. [[gasts]] [[guest]], OCS [[gostь]] <b class="b2">id.</b>, IE <b class="b2">*ghosti-s</b>, led to attempts, to connect them also formally, which is possible omly with a mechanic and arbitrary analysis: <b class="b3">*ξ-εν-Ϝος</b> to a sero grade and nasalized present <b class="b2">*ghs-en-u̯ō</b> (Brugmann IF 1, 172ff.; s also Schwyzer 329 and Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73: 2, 30). Other explanations, also to be rejected, in Bq, WP. 1, 640f., W.-Hofmann s. [[hostis]]. -- Jokl (IF 37, 93, after Pedersen) wants to find a lengthened grade <b class="b2">*ghsēn-</b> in Alb. [[huai]] [[foreign]]. Very uncertein Newphryg. voc. <b class="b3">ξευνε</b>; on it with a Illyrian hypothesis v. Blumenthal Glotta 20, 288. Is it Pre-Greek?