κεραυνός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[thunderbolt]], νῆα θοὴν ἔβαλε ψολόεντι κ. <span class="bibl">Od.23.330</span>; <b class="b3">βρόντησε καὶ ἔμβαλε νηῒκ</b>. <span class="bibl">14.305</span>; Διὸς πληγεῖσα κεραυνῷ <span class="bibl">12.416</span>; esp. as weapon of Zeus, <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Th.</span>854</span>, etc.; forged by the Cyclopes, ib.<span class="bibl">141</span>; τὸν κ. τοῦ Διός <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>1538</span>; καταιβάτης <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>361</span>; <b class="b3">πυρωπός</b> ib.<span class="bibl">668</span>; ὁ πυρφόρος κ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Th.</span>445</span>; κεραυνοῦ κρείσσονα φλόγα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pr.</span>922</span>; κ. ἀργής <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>1747</span> (anap.); <b class="b3">πτερόεις</b> ib.<span class="bibl">576</span>; κεραυνοῦ βέλος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>453</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1088</span>; ὁ κ. λάμπων πυρί <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>395</span>; κ., πτεροφόρον Διὸς βέλος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Av.</span>1714</span>; <b class="b3">κ. πίπτει, κατασκήπτει εἰς</b>... <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>4.7.7</span>, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Lyc.</span>31</span>: pl., <b class="b3">κεραυνοί</b> [[thunderbolts]], <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>690</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.37</span>, <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Ep.</span>2p.46U.</span>; <b class="b3">ποῦ ποτε κεραυνοὶ Διός</b>; <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>823</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>125</span>; τὰ τῶν κ. πτώματα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>80c</span>; defined as <b class="b3">ἔξαψις σφοδρὰ μετὰ πολλῆς βίας πίπτουσα ἐπὶ γῆς</b>, i.e. <b class="b2">thunder and lightning</b>, Zeno Stoic.1.34. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> metaph., <b class="b3">κεραυνὸν ἐν γλώττῃ φέρειν</b>, of Pericles, <span class="title">Com.Adesp.</span>10; <b class="b3">τύπτειν κεραυνός</b> <b class="b2">a thunderbolt</b> for striking, <span class="bibl">Antiph.195.4</span>; <b class="b3">Κεραυνός</b>, as a name of great soldiers, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Arist.</span>6</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> title of Zeus, <span class="title">IG</span> 5(2).288 (Mantinea, v B.C.), <span class="title">Rev.Arch.</span>40.388 (Emesa). (Perh. cf. [[κεραΐζω]].)</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[thunderbolt]], [[lightning]] (Il.).<br />Compounds: Compp., e. g. <b class="b3">τερπι-κέραυνος</b> (s. v.), <b class="b3">ἐγχει-κέραυνος</b> [[who has the thunderbolt as spear]] (Pi.; after <b class="b3">ἐγχει-βρόμος</b> [[who thunders with the spear]]), also <b class="b3">κεραυνο-εγχής</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (B.).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">κεραύνιος</b> [[belonging to the thunderbolt]], also <b class="b2">struck by a th., hurling the th.</b> (trag.), also <b class="b3">κεραυναῖος</b> (AP 7, 49; Steph. <b class="b3">-ειος</b>); <b class="b3">κεραύνιον</b> name of a mushroom <b class="b2">Tuber aestivum</b> (Thphr., Gal.), as protecting against the th. or arisen from a th.; thus <b class="b3">κεραυνία</b> = <b class="b3">ἀείζῳον μικρόν</b> (Ps.-Dsc.), cf. Strömberg Pflanzennamen 79f.; also name of a stone like <b class="b3">κεραυνίας</b>, <b class="b3">-νίτης</b> (PHolm., Clem.; Redard Les noms grecs en <b class="b3">-της</b> 55). Denomin. verb <b class="b3">κεραυνόομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-όω</b> <b class="b2">be struck by a th.</b>, resp. <b class="b2">slay with a th.</b> (Hes.); <b class="b3">κεραύνωσις</b> [[thunderstroke]] (Str., Plu.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [578] <b class="b2">*ḱerh₂-</b> [[shatter]], [[smash]]<br />Etymology: Thematic transformation of an <b class="b2">r-n-</b>noun <b class="b3">*κερα-Ϝαρ</b>, <b class="b3">κερα-υν-</b> [[shattering]] from a lost verb [[shatter]], which was supplanted by [[κεραΐζω]] (s. v.); on the formation s. <b class="b3">ἐλαύνω</b> and Schwyzer 521. - (Not here Skt. <b class="b2">śáru-</b> [[arrow]] and Germ., e. g. Goth. [[haírus]] [[sword]] (Bq).