μήν: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> v. [[μείς]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> Μήν, an Anatolian divinity, <span class="title">IG</span>22.1365,1366, etc.; nom. sg. Μείς <span class="title">Supp.Epigr.</span>4.647.2, 648.3 (Lydia).</span><br /><span class="bld">μήν</span>, Dor. (<span class="bibl">Epich.78</span>, etc.), Aeol. (<span class="bibl">Sapph.<span class="title">Supp.</span>23.5</span>, etc.), and old Ep. μάν (in Hom.always folld. by a vowel exc. <span class="bibl">Il.5.895</span>,<span class="bibl">765</span>, whereas <b class="b3">μήν</b> is folld. by a consonant exc. in <span class="bibl">Il.19.45</span>; original <b class="b3">μάν</b> has prob. been changed to <b class="b3">μέν</b> exc. when the metre prevented), a Particle used to strengthen asseverations, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[verily]], [[truly]]; a synonym of <b class="b3">μέν</b> but stronger, and like it always following the word which begins the clause, <b class="b3">ὧδε γὰρ ἐξερέω, καὶ μ. τετελεσμένον ἔσται</b> and so [[verily]]... <span class="bibl">Il.23.410</span>; <b class="b3">ἴστε μὰν</b>… ye know [[doubtless]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>4(3).35</span>: freq. with imper., <b class="b3">ἄγε μ</b>. on [[then]], <span class="bibl">Il.1.302</span>; ἄγρει μάν <span class="bibl">5.765</span>; ἄναγε μάν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>963</span> (lyr.); ἕπεο μάν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>182</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> after other Particles, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> <b class="b3">ἦ μήν</b>, <b class="b2">now verily, full surely</b>, ἦ μὴν καὶ πόνος ἐστίν <span class="bibl">Il.2.291</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Ap.</span>87</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Sc.</span>101</span>; ἦ μάν <span class="bibl">Il.2.370</span>, <span class="bibl">13.354</span>, Sapph.l.c., <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.40</span>, al. (εἶ μάν <span class="title">IG</span>5 (1).1390.27 (Andania, i B.C.)): strengthd., ἦ δὴ μάν <span class="bibl">Il.17.538</span>: freq. later in strong protestations or oaths, c. inf., ὄμνυσι δ' ἦ μὴν λαπάξειν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>531</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>1186</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.3.26</span>: in negation, <b class="b3">ἦ μ. μή</b>… <span class="bibl">Th.8.81</span>, etc. (but also ὀμνύω μὴ μὰν φρονησεῖν <span class="title">SIG</span>527.36 (Crete, iii B.C.)): in Prose also to begin an independent clause, ὀμνύω... ἦ μ. ἐγὼ ἐθυόμην <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>6.1.31</span>; καὶ νὴ τὸν κύνα,… ἦ μ. ἐγὼ ἔπαθόν τι τοιοῦτον <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Ap.</span>22a</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">καὶ μήν</b>, sts. simply to add an asseveration, v. sub init., cf. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>2.13</span>, etc.; καὶ δὴ μάν <span class="bibl">Theoc.7.120</span>: freq. to introduce something new or deserving special attention, καὶ μὴν Τάνταλον εἰσεῖδον <span class="bibl">Od.11.582</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">593</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>459</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Pers.</span>406</span>, etc.; esp. in dramatic Poets to mark the entrance of a person on the stage, <b class="b2">here comes</b>... <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Th.</span>372</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>339</span>; also ὅδε μ. Αἵμων <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>626</span> (anap.), etc.; of new facts, <b class="b2">and besides, nay more</b>, καὶ μήν… γε <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>982</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span> 369</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>4.15</span>, etc.; in Orators to introduce new arguments, καὶ μήν… γε <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>153b</span>, <span class="bibl">D.21.56</span>; to introduce a counter-argument, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1185</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span>452c</span>; καὶ μὴν καί <span class="bibl">D.27.30</span>, etc.: also in answers, to denote approbation or assent, <b class="b3">ἀλλ' ἢν ἐφῇς μοι… λέξαιμ' ἂν ὀρθῶς</b>. Answ. <b class="b3">καὶ μ. ἐφίημι</b> [[well]], I allow it, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>556</span>; <b class="b3">μὴ νῦν διάτριβ', ἀλλ' ἄνυε πράττων</b>… Answ. καὶ μ. βαδίζω <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>413</span> (v.l.), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ra.</span>895</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>317</span>; so καὶ μ.… γε <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>426e</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ μήν</b>, yet [[truly]], Id.<span class="title">Pers.</span>233, etc.; ἀλλὰ μάν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>765</span>; ἀλλὰ μήν… γε <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ra.</span>258</span>; to allege something not disputed, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>187a</span>: rarely separated, ἀλλ' ἐστὶ μ. οἰκητός <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>28</span>; <b class="b3">ἀλλ' οὐδ' ἐγὼ μ</b>.… <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>401</span>: more strongly, ὅμως μ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>297d</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">ναὶ μήν</b>, <b class="b2">above all</b>, <span class="bibl">Emp.76.2</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">οὐ μήν</b>, <b class="b2">of a truth</b> not, <span class="bibl">Il.24.52</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1068</span>, etc.: elsewh. in Hom. <b class="b3">οὐ μάν</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.12.318</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">μὴ μάν</b> (Att. <b class="b3">μὴ μήν</b>) [[oh]] do not, <span class="bibl">8.512</span>, <span class="bibl">15.476</span>, etc.; ἀλλ' οὐ μάν <span class="bibl">17.41</span>; ἀλλ' οὐ μάν… γε <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>153</span> (lyr.); οὐδὲ μάν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.87</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b3">ὡς μήν</b>, = [[ἦ μήν]], ὀμμνύω Δία… ὡς μ. κρινεῖν τὰ ἀντιλεγόμενα <span class="title">Delph.</span>3(1).362 i 40. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> after interrogatives, <b class="b3">τί μ</b>.; [[well]], what of it? <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>203</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>145e</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">τί μ. οὔ</b> [[well]], why not? <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Rh.</span>706</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">τῶς μ</b>.; [[well]], [[but how]]… ? <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.6.28</span>; <b class="b3">τίνος μ. ἕνεκα</b>; ibid.; <b class="b3">ποῦ μ</b>.; to express surprise, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>142a</span>; <b class="b3">ἀλλὰ πότε μήν</b>; <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">Smp.</span>4.23</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> with adversative force, esp. after a neg., so that it is equivalent to <b class="b3">μέντοι, νῦν ἐμὲ μὲν στυγέει... ἔσται μὰν ὅτ' ἄν</b>… <span class="bibl">Il. 8.370</span>-<span class="bibl">373</span>; οὐ μὴν ἄτιμοι… τεθνήξομεν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1279</span>; <b class="b3">ἀνάγκη μὲν καὶ ταῦτ' ἐπίστασθαι... οὐδὲν μ. κωλύει κτλ</b>. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>268e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Grg.</span>493c</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">R.</span>529e</span>, etc.; χαλεπῶς ἔχει ὑπὸ τραυμάτων, μᾶλλον μ. αὐτὸν αἱρεῖ τὸ νόσημα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Tht.</span>142b</span>; expressed more strongly by <b class="b3">γε μ</b>., <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>7.18</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>1067</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>587</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>6.1.7</span>, etc.; also οὐ μ.… γε <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Pr.</span>270</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Th.</span>538</span>; <b class="b3">οὐδὲ μ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">809</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ch.</span>189</span>; <b class="b3">οὐ μ. οὐδέ</b> <b class="b2">nor yet indeed</b>, <span class="bibl">Th. 1.3</span>, <span class="bibl">82</span>, etc.; οὐ μὰν οὐδέ <span class="bibl">Il.4.512</span>; ἀλλ' οὐ μὰν οὐδέ <span class="bibl">23.441</span>:—on <b class="b3">οὐ μὴν ἀλλά</b>, v. [[ἀλλά]] <span class="bibl">11.5</span>.</span>

|etymtx=1<br />Grammatical information: pcle<br />Meaning: confirming particle, [[honestly]], [[certainly]], [[true]] (Il.).<br />Other forms: Dor. Aeol. <b class="b3">μάν</b>.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [966] <b class="b2">*sme</b> [[really]], [[true]]<br />Etymology: Generally connected with the stressing Skt. [[sma]], [[smā]]; so IE <b class="b2">*sme</b>? From <b class="b3">μήν</b> the functionally identical and meaning-related <b class="b3">μέν</b> [[really]], [[true]] can hardly be separated. It must have had then, as with <b class="b3">δή-δέ</b> (s. vv.) a vowel shortening, as a result of weakening of its function, which from the epic and Ionic science (?) came to Attic and the other dialect-areas. Leumann Mus. Helv. 6, 85ff. ( = Kl. Schr. 229ff.); extensively on <b class="b3">μήν</b> Schwyzer-Debrunner 569f. Cf. <b class="b3">μά</b>.<br />2<br />Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[month]] (Il.), also <b class="b2">moon-sickle</b> (Ion., Ar., Att. inscr., Thphr.).<br />Other forms: also Att. <b class="b3">μείς</b>, Dor. <b class="b3">μής</b>, El. <b class="b3">μεύς</b>, gen. <b class="b3">μηνός</b>, Aeol. <b class="b3">μῆννος</b>.<br />Compounds: Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">μηνο-ειδής</b> [[with the form of a moonsickle]] (IA.), PN <b class="b3">Μηνό-δωρος</b>, also <b class="b3">μηνί-αρχος</b>, <b class="b3">-άρχης</b> m. <b class="b2">monthly commander</b> (pap. IVa; after <b class="b3">ταξί-αρχος</b> a. o.); <b class="b3">ἠλιτό-μηνος</b> <b class="b2">missing the month</b> (T118; cf. s. v.), <b class="b3">ἐπι-μήν-ιος</b> <b class="b2">lasting a month, montly</b> (IA.; hypostasis); on <b class="b3">-μην-</b> as 2. member Sommer Nominalkomp. 55ff.<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">μήν-η</b> [[month]] (Il.; like <b class="b3">σελήνη</b>, cf. Güntert Reimwortbildungen 220, Risch $35d), <b class="b3">-άς</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (E.); <b class="b3">μην-ίσκος</b> m. [[moonsickle]], esp. name of several moonsickle-formed objects (Ar., Arist.); <b class="b3">μην-ιαῖος</b> <b class="b2">a month old, monthly</b> (Hp., LXX, pap.), <b class="b3">-ιεῖος</b> [[monthly]] (hell. pap.; Chantraine Form. 49 u. 53), <b class="b3">μην-αῖος</b> [[belonging to the month]] (Orac. ap. Lyd. [[Mens]].; prob. from <b class="b3">μήνη</b>); <b class="b3">μηνιαστεία</b> f. <b class="b2">monthly achievement</b> (pap. IIIp), but cf. <b class="b3">Μηνιασταί</b> m. pl. <b class="b2"> adorers of Μήν</b> (Rhodos); <b class="b3">μήνιον</b> n. plantname, [[peony]] (Ps.-Dsc.), for the astrological use, Strömberg Pflanzennamen 133.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [731] <b class="b2">*meh₁not</b>, <b class="b2">*meh₁n-es-s</b> [[moon]], [[month]]<br />Etymology: From the Aeol. cas. obl., gen. <b class="b3">μῆνν-ος</b> for <b class="b3">*μηνσ-ος</b> etc., arose an analog. nom. <b class="b3">*μηνς</b>, from which with vowelshortening <b class="b3">*μενς</b>, through loss of the nasal and comp. lengthening <b class="b3">μείς</b>, resp. <b class="b3">μής</b>. To <b class="b3">μην-ός</b> etc. (with simplification of the <b class="b3">νν</b>) arose <b class="b3">μήν</b>, after <b class="b3">Ζηνός</b> : <b class="b3">Ζεύς</b> El. <b class="b3">μεύς</b>. -- Beside the obl. stem <b class="b3">*μηνσ-</b> < IE <b class="b2">*mēns-</b> there was originally in the nom. a disyllabic <b class="b2">*mēnōs-</b> with lengthened grade or (with alternating <b class="b2">-t-</b>) <b class="b2">*mēnōt-</b>, from which came Lith. <b class="b2">mė́uo</b> [[moon]], [[month]], Germ., e.g. Goth. [[menoÞs]] [[month]]. The disyllabic form (with full grade) is seen alo in Lith. <b class="b2">mė́es-is</b> [[month]]. On monosyllabic <b class="b2">*mēns-</b> are based both Lat. <b class="b2">mens-is</b> (gen. pl. <b class="b2">mens-um</b>) as (with loss of the <b class="b2">-n-</b>) Skt. <b class="b2">mās-</b> [[moon]], [[month]]. The development of the calendrical meaning [[month]] was accompanied by the creation of new expressions for [[monyh]] (<b class="b3">σελήνη</b>, [[luna]] etc.). Original connection with <b class="b2">meh₁-</b>'measure' (s. <b class="b3">μῆτις</b>) because of the role of the moon as time-measure is quite possible. -- Further forms WP. 2,271f., Pok. 731f., W.-Hofmann s. [[mēnsis]], Fraenkel s. <b class="b2">meṅ́uo</b>, Scherer Gestirnnamen 61 ff.. On the Greek forms Schwyzer 279f., 286, 515 w. n. 5, 569, Leumann Hom. Wörter 288 n. 41.