νήφω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Dor. νάφω (v. infr. II), used by early writers only in pres., mostly in part.: later impf. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> ἔνηφον Chor. in <span class="title">Rev.Phil.</span>1877.67: aor. <b class="b3">ἔνηψα</b> I<span class="title">Ep.Pet.</span>4.7, Orac. ap. <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">Fr.</span>103</span>, <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">AJ</span>11.3.3</span>, <span class="bibl">Procl. <span class="title">in Prm.</span> p.741</span> S., (ἐξ-) <span class="bibl">Aret.<span class="title">SD</span>1.5</span>, (ἀν-) <span class="bibl">Nic.Dam.4</span> J.:—<b class="b2">to be sober, drink no wine</b>, οὔτε τι γὰρ ν. οὔτε λίην μεθύω <span class="bibl">Thgn.478</span>; νήφειν <span class="bibl">Archil.4</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Smp.</span>213e</span>, al.: part. <b class="b3">νήφων</b> as Adj., = [[νηφάλιος]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.133</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Lys.</span> 1228</span>; ὑμῖν ἀντέκυρσα… νήφων ἀοίνοις <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>100</span>; ὑπ' ἐχθροῦ νήφοντος ὑβριζόμην <span class="bibl">D.21.74</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ τοὺς μεθύοντας… πλείω ζημίαν ἀποτίνειν τῶν ν</b>. Lex Pittaciap. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1274b20</span>; μεθύοντα… παρὰ νηφόντων λόγους παραβάλλειν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>214c</span>; <b class="b3">ν. θεός</b>, i.e. water, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Lg.</span>773d</span>: prov., τὸ ἐν τῇ καρδίᾳ τοῦ νήφοντος ἐπὶ τῆς γλώττης τοῦ μεθύοντος Plu.2.503f; [Ἀναξαγόρας] οἷον ν. ἑφάνη παρ' εἰκῇ λέγοντας <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Metaph.</span>984b17</span>; νήφων μεθύοντα ὑπὸ τῆς Ἀφροδίτης θεᾶται <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>8.21</span>; τὸ νῆφον ὑπὸ τοῦ πάθους βυθίζεται <span class="bibl">Alciphr.1.13</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> metaph., <b class="b2">to be self-controlled</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>918d</span>; [[to be sober and wary]], <b class="b3">νᾶφε καὶ μέμνασ' ἀπιστεῖν</b> = keep a clear head and remember not to believe a thing <span class="bibl">Epich.[250]</span>; γρηγορῶμεν καὶ νήφωμεν <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Thess.</span>5.6</span>; <b class="b3">νήψατε εἰς προσευχάς</b> <span class="title">1 Ep.Pet.</span>l.c.; νήφων καὶ πεφροντικώς Plu. 2.800b; ν. καὶ φροντιστής Gal.17(1).991; προμηθής τε καὶ ν. <span class="bibl">Hdn.2.15.1</span>; <b class="b3">καρδίῃ νήφοντος</b> Poet. ap. Longin.34.4; ν. λογισμός <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Ep.</span> 3p.64U.</span> </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ν. ἐκ κακοῦ</b> <b class="b2">recover oneself</b> from... <span class="bibl">Ach.Tat.1.13</span>; <b class="b3">ἐγερθέντων καὶ νηψάντων ἀπὸ τῆς πτώσεως</b> Procl.l.c.</span>

|etymtx=Ch. 3, 134<br />Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: [[be sober]], [[fast]], often metaph.<br />Other forms: Dor. <b class="b3">νάφω</b>, in the older language only present, mostly in ptc. (IA., Thgn., Archil.), aor. <b class="b3">νῆψαι</b> (J., 1. Ep. Pet. 4, 7).<br />Compounds: Also w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἀνα-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>.<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">νήφων</b>, <b class="b3">-ονος</b> in <b class="b3">νήφονες νήφοντες</b> H., dat. pl. <b class="b3">νήφοσι</b> (Thgn.); 2. <b class="b3">νηφάλιος</b> <b class="b2">without wine</b>, of drink-offerings etc. (A.), later also of persons [[fasten]] (Ph., J.) with <b class="b3">νηφαλιεύω</b> [[bring a drinkoffering without wine]] (Poll.), <b class="b3">νηφαλίζω</b> in <b class="b3">νηφαλισμένον ὕδατι</b>, <b class="b3">οὑκ οἴνῳ ἡγνισμένον</b> H.; besides <b class="b3">νηφαλιεύς</b> surn. of Apollon (AP 9, 525, 14: <b class="b3">-έα</b>, metr. enlargement at verse-end, cf. Bosshardt 70); also <b class="b3">νηφαλέος</b> (Hdn. Gr., Ph.; after <b class="b3">αὑαλέος</b> etc., Debrunner IF 23, 17 f.) and <b class="b3">νηφαντικός</b> [[sobering]] (Pl. Phlb. 61, Porph.) as from <b class="b3">*νηφαίνω</b>; cf. e.g. <b class="b3">σημαλέος</b> : <b class="b3">σημαντικός</b>; on the suffixchange <b class="b3">λ</b> : <b class="b3">ν</b> in gen. s. e.g. Schwyzer 483, Benveniste Origines 45 f. -- Verbal noun <b class="b3">νῆψις</b> f. [[soberness]] (Plb., Str.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [754] *?? [[sober]]<br />Etymology: Of <b class="b3">νήφω</b>, <b class="b3">νάφω</b> reminds Arm. <b class="b2">nawt'i</b> [[sober]] (Pedersen KZ 39, 349), but the phonetical, morphological and semantic interpretation of the Armenian form is unclear. Arm. <b class="b2">nawt'i</b> is prob. <b class="b2">i-</b> (<b class="b2">i̯o-</b>)deriv. of an unattested noun <b class="b2">*nawt</b>, which formally agrees to [[canawt]] [[known]] (to the aor. <b class="b2">can-eay</b>, pres. <b class="b2">čanač̣em</b> [[recognise]], s. <b class="b3">γιγνώσκω</b>) and like this must have a dental suffix; even the semantic relation is unclear, De Lamberterie, RPh. 72 (1998)134 (= DELG Suppl.); cf. Clackson 1994, 154ff; even the long [[a]] of Greek is doubted; so de L. prefers to connect Lat. [[ebrius]] and reconstructs <b class="b2">*n̥-h₁gʷʰon-</b>. -- Given the preponderance of the nominal forms (including the ptc. <b class="b3">νήφων</b>) as also the meaning one might think that the relatively rare present <b class="b3">νήφω</b> (with secondary <b class="b3">νῆψαι</b>) was a denominative and to start from a noun <b class="b3">*ναφ(ο-</b>) v.t. (cf. for the type Schwyzer 722f.), to which there was an [[l]] \/ <b class="b2">n-</b>stem <b class="b3">νηφ-άλ-ιος</b>, <b class="b3">νήφ-ον-</b>. -- OHG <b class="b2">nuoh-turn</b> [[sober]], earlier conidered a testimony for an IE <b class="b2">*nāgʷʰ-</b>, remains far as LW [loanword] (Lat. [[nocturnus]]), s. WP. 2, 317 w. further lit.