νειός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ἡ, also νεός X. (v. infr.), <span class="title">SIG</span>963.8 (Amorgos, iv B.C.), <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">fallow-land</b>, νειοῖο βαθείης <span class="bibl">Il.10.353</span>; <b class="b3">ν. τρίπολος</b> a thrice-ploughed [[fallow]], <span class="bibl">18.541</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.5.127</span>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>971</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Dian.</span>175</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">μὴ καρπίζεσθαι τὴν γῆν ἀλλὰ νειὸν ποιεῖν</b> [[rejuvenate]] it, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">CP</span>4.8.1</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">4.8.3</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">HP</span>8.7.2</span>; νειὸν ἄρουραν <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>463</span>; of a mare, ἕνα ἐνιαυτὸν… ἀνάγκη διαλείπειν καὶ ποιεῖν ὥσπερ νειόν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>577a2</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">ploughing and sowing</b> of land <b class="b2">to reinvigorate</b> it, νειὸς ἀμείνων ἡ χειμέριος τῆς ἐαρινῆς <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>8.6.3</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ ἀρίστη νειὸς ἀπὸ τῶν κυάμων</b> prob. cj. ib.<span class="bibl">8.7.2</span>; εἰς νειὸν ἀροῦν <span class="title">Gp.</span>3.6.7, 3.11.8; τῷ σπόρῳ νεὸν δεῖ ὑπεργάζεσθαι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>16.10</span>, cf. <span class="title">SIG</span>l. c.:—also νέα, ἡ, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">CP</span>3.20.7</span>, <span class="title">IG</span> 22.334.17; also παρασκάψει τὴν γῆν νειάν <span class="title">SIG</span>963.46. (Cf. OSlav. [[njiva]] 'field'.)</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">fallow field</b> (Hom., Hes., Call., Arist., Thphr.); on the meaning below.<br />Other forms: also <b class="b3">νεός</b> (X., Amorgos IVa), <b class="b3">νειά</b> (Amorgos IVa), <b class="b3">νεά</b> or <b class="b3">νέα</b> (Thphr., Att. inscr.).<br />Derivatives: Besides, in meaning quite deviating, the adv. <b class="b3">νει-όθεν</b> <b class="b2">from below</b> (K 10, hell. poet.), <b class="b3">νει-όθε</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (poet. inscr. IIIp, Luc.), <b class="b3">νει-όθι</b> [[below]] (Φ 317, Hes. Th. 567, hell. poet.). -- Sup. <b class="b3">νείατος</b> (ep.), <b class="b3">νέατος</b>, Arc. <b class="b3">νήατος</b>, H. <b class="b3">νῆτος</b> [[most below]], [[utmost]] (Il.), after <b class="b3">ἔσχατος</b>, <b class="b3">πύματος</b>, cf. <b class="b3">μέσος</b> : <b class="b3">μέσατος</b>; f. <b class="b3">νεάτη</b> (Cratin., Pl.), contr. <b class="b3">νήτη</b> (Arist., Ptol.), sc. <b class="b3">χορδή</b> <b class="b2">the lowest string</b> (with the highest tone); <b class="b3">νειότατον κατώτατον</b> H.; also <b class="b3">νήϊστος</b> in <b class="b3">νήϊστα ἔσχατα</b>, <b class="b3">κατώτατα</b> H., prob also in <b class="b3">Νήϊσται</b> (Boeot. <b class="b3">-ϊτται</b>) <b class="b3">πύλαι</b> in Thebes (A. Th. 460, E. Ph. 1104). -- Fem. <b class="b3">νείαιρα</b> (<b class="b3">νέαιρα</b> Simon.) <b class="b2">the lowest</b>, as subst. (sc. <b class="b3">γαστήρ</b>) [[belly]], [[abdomen]] (Il., Hp., hell.), cf. <b class="b3">γέραιρα</b> a.o. (Chantraine Form. 104, 234; cf. also Benveniste Origines 112); contr. <b class="b3">νεῖρα</b> (A. Ag. 1479, E. Rh. 794 [readings not quite certain], H.), here m. <b class="b3">νειρός</b> (Lyc., H.) with f. <b class="b3">νειρη κοίλη κοιλία ἐσχάτη</b> H. (Schwyzer 475). Cf. on the whole Schwyzer 503. -- Denomin. <b class="b3">νεάω</b> <b class="b2">plough a fallow land</b> (Hes. Op. 462, com., Thphr.), early connected with <b class="b3">νέος</b> [[new]], if not even derived from it, cf. on <b class="b3">νέος</b>; <b class="b3">νεατός</b> m. <b class="b2">working of fallow land</b> (X. Oik. 7, 20; like <b class="b3">ἀλοατός</b>), <b class="b3">νέασις</b> f. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Thphr.) with <b class="b3">νεάσιμος</b> (Gloss.; Arbenz 87).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [312] <b class="b2">*ni-</b> <b class="b2">(be)low</b><br />Etymology: If <b class="b3">νειόθεν</b>, <b class="b3">νείατος</b>, <b class="b3">νείαιρα</b> are at all cognate with <b class="b3">νειός</b>, <b class="b3">νειός</b> (sc. <b class="b3">γῆ</b>, <b class="b3">χώρα</b>), it must have meant prop. *'lying low, lowlying plain'; the meaning <b class="b2">fallow land</b>, which is also possible for Homer, but not compulsory (rather [[field]], [[plain]] ?), could rest on the early connection with <b class="b3">νέος</b> [[new]]; cf. Lat. [[novalis]], <b class="b2">-e</b> <b class="b2">fallow land</b>. -- Except for the ending <b class="b3">νειός</b> < <b class="b3">*νειϜός</b> can be identical with a Slavic word fur [[field]], e.g. OCS [[njiva]] (with dark <b class="b2">nj-</b>), Russ. <b class="b2">níva</b> f., IE <b class="b2">*neiu̯ó-s</b> (Slav. <b class="b2">-ā</b> secondary); Fick BB 1, 335f., Schulze KZ 27, 603f. (= Kl. Schr. 373f.). If we separate a formantic <b class="b2">u̯o-</b>element, we can connect the IE adv. <b class="b2">*ni</b> [[low]] in Skt. <b class="b2">ní</b> etc.; here a.o. OHG <b class="b2">ni-dar</b> <b class="b2">to below</b>, OE [[neowol]] [[slanting]] from <b class="b2">*ni-wol</b> (cf. <b class="b3">νει-Ϝό-ς</b>). The writing <b class="b3">νη-</b> in <b class="b3">νήϊστος</b>, <b class="b3">νήατος</b> is not convincingly explained. As old lengthened grade, esp. in a superlative, is very improbable, the <b class="b3">η</b> must be secondary. Hypotheses in Seiler Steigerungsformen 110ff., esp. on <b class="b3">Νήϊται πύλαι</b>; s. also WP. 2, 335 (= Pok. 313: <b class="b3">η</b> = closed [[ē]] from <b class="b3">ει</b> before palat. vowel?). On the Slav. words s. also Vasmer s. <b class="b2">níva</b>, with other explanations. -- Cf. also [[νέατος]] s. [[νέος]].