κέρδος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=εος, τό, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[gain]], [[profit]], <span class="bibl">Od.23.140</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἐνόησεν ὅππως κ. ἔῃ</b> how [[some advantage]] can be gained, what is [[best]] to be done, <span class="bibl">Il.10.225</span>; οὔ τοι τόδε κ. ἐγὼν ἔσσεσθαι ὀΐω ἡμῖν <span class="bibl">Od.16.311</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ποιέεσθαί τι ἐν κέρδεϊ</b>, c. inf., <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.121</span>.<b class="b3">δ'</b>, <span class="bibl">6.13</span>; κ. νομίσαι τι <span class="bibl">Th.7.68</span>; <b class="b3">ὅτι</b>… <span class="bibl">Id.3.33</span>; ἤν τι… δάσωνται κ. ἡγεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>4.2.43</span>; ἐκ πονηροῦ πράγματος κ. λαβεῖν <span class="bibl">Men.697</span>; <b class="b3">μέγ' ἐστὶ κ., ἢν</b>… <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Mon.</span>359</span>; <b class="b3">πρὸς τὸ κ. βλέπειν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">364</span>; part., πᾶν κ. ἡγοῦ ζημιουμένη φυγῇ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>454</span>; <b class="b3">κ. ἐστί μοι</b>, c. inf., <b class="b3">τί δῆτ' ἐμοὶ ζῆν κ</b>.; <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>747</span>; <b class="b3">τί κ. ἦν αὐτῷ διαβάλλειν ἐμέ</b>; <span class="bibl">Lys.8.13</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ec.</span>607</span>, <span class="bibl">610</span>: pl., [[gains]], [[profits]], περιβαλλόμενος ἑωυτῷ κέρδεα <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.71</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ δειλὰ</b> (v.l. [[δεινὰ]]) κ. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>326</span>; τὰ κ. μείζω φαίνεσθαι τῶν δεινῶν <span class="bibl">Th.4.59</span>; τὰ πονηρὰ κ. <span class="bibl">Antiph.270</span>:— <b class="b3">κ</b>. (metaph.) opp. <b class="b3">ζημία</b> (damage), <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">EN</span>1132a12</span>, (lit.) opp. <b class="b3">ζημἱα</b> (damages), ib.<span class="bibl">14</span>; ζημίαν λαβεῖν ἄμεινόν ἐστιν ἢ κ. κακόν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span> 807</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">desire of gain</b>, κέρδει καὶ σοφία δέδεται <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>3.54</span>; ἄνδρας τὸ κ. πολλάκις διώλεσεν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>222</span>; εἰς τὸ κ. λῆμ' ἔχων ἀνειμένον <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>3</span>: pl., κερδῶν ἄθικτος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>704</span>; ἐν τοῖς κέρδεσιν μόνον δέδορκε <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>388</span>; μὴ 'πὶ κέρδεσιν λέγων <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ant.</span>1061</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span> 1207</span>; of persons, <b class="b3">ἡμέτερα κ. τῶν σοφῶν</b>( = [[ἡμῶν τῶν σ]].) <b class="b2">you of whom</b> we wise men [[make gain]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1202</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> iron. (cf. κερδαίνω <span class="bibl">11</span>), <b class="b3">ἀστεῖόν γε κ. ἔλαβεν ὁ κακοδαίμων</b> ib.<span class="bibl">1064</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> in pl., [[cunning arts]], [[wiles]], ὃς δέ κε κ. εἰδῇ <span class="bibl">Il.23.322</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">709</span>, al.; <b class="b3">κέρδεσιν, οὔ τι τάχει γε παραφθάμενος</b> ib.<span class="bibl">515</span>; φρένας ἐσθλὰς κέρδεά θ' <span class="bibl">Od.2.118</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">88</span>; ἐγὼ δ' ἐν πᾶσι θεοῖσι μήτι τε κλέομαι καὶ κέρδεσιν <span class="bibl">13.299</span>; ἐνὶ φρεσὶ κέρδε' ἐνώμας <span class="bibl">18.216</span>; <b class="b3">κακὰ κ. βουλεύουσιν</b> 'they mean [[mischief]]', <span class="bibl">23.217</span>. (Cf. OIr. [[cerd]] 'art', 'craft', Welsh [[cerdd]] 'craft' or 'music'.)</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">gain, profit, desire to gain, cunning, wiles</b> (Il.); in plur. also [[good advice]] (Hom.).<br />Compounds: rarely as 1, member, e. g. <b class="b3">κερδο-φόρος</b> [[bringing gain]] (Artem.), as 2. member in <b class="b3">αἰσχρο-κερδής</b> <b class="b2">full lowly desire to gain, greedy</b> (IA).<br />Derivatives: Diminutives <b class="b3">κερδάριον</b>, <b class="b3">κερδύφιον</b> (gloss.); <b class="b3">κερδοσύνη</b> [[ruse]] (Hom., Cleanth. Hymn. 1, 28; Porzig Satzinhalte 226, Wyss <b class="b3">-συνη</b> 27), <b class="b3">κερδώ</b> f. "the cunning", i. e. [[the fox]] (Ar., Babr.); <b class="b3">Κέρδων</b>, <b class="b3">-ωνος</b> PN (D., Argolis; from here Lat. [[cerdō]] [[ordinary artisan]]), also <b class="b3">Κερδέων</b> surn. of Hermes and <b class="b3">Κερδείη Πειθώ</b> (Herod. 7, 74); <b class="b3">Κερδῳ̃ος</b> [[bringing gain]] surn. of Apollon (Thessal., Lyc.; after <b class="b3">Λητῳ̃ος</b>), also of Hermes (Plu., Luc.), also from the fox (Babr.); <b class="b3">κερδητικός</b> [[greedy]] (gloss.). - Further <b class="b3">κερδαλέος</b> [[greedy]] (Il.) and <b class="b3">κερδαίνω</b>, aor. <b class="b3">κερδῆναι</b>, <b class="b3">-δᾶναι</b>, <b class="b3">-δῆσαι</b> [[gain]], [[have profit]] (Pi., IA); hardly from an old \/<b class="b2">n-l</b>\/-stem (Schwyzer 484). - Compar. forms <b class="b3">κερδίων</b> [[more profitable]] (Il.), <b class="b3">κέρδιστος</b> <b class="b2">the most cunnting</b> (Hom.), cf. Seiler Steigerungsformen 84.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [579], PGX [probably a word of Pre-Greek origin] <b class="b2">*kerd-</b> [[gain]], [[clever]], [[cunning]]<br />Etymology: The only connections outside Greek are a few Celtic words: OIr. [[cerd]] (IE. <b class="b2">*kerdā</b>) [[art]], [[handwork]], also [[aerarius]], [[figulus]], [[poeta]], Welsh [[cerdd]] [[song]]. - The doubtful H.-glosse <b class="b3">κήρτεα τὰ κέρδη</b> does hardly allow conclusions for the morphology (cf. Schwyzer 512 n. 3). See Bq, and W.-Hofmann s. [[cerdō]]; also E. Lewy FS Dornseiff 226f. Sophie Minon conects (RPh. LXXIV (2000) 271 <b class="b3">κορδύς πανοῦργος</b> H., which is of course not certain (s.v.). Or do <b class="b3">κερδύφιον</b>, <b class="b3">κερδώ</b> point to a Pre-Greek word?