μήτηρ: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Dor. μάτηρ, ἡ: though parox. in nom., it follows <b class="b3">πατήρ</b> in the accent of the obliq. cases, gen. μητερος contr. <b class="b3">μητρός</b>, dat. <b class="b3">μητέρι, μητρί</b>, both forms being found in Hom., but the longer forms rarely in Trag. exc. lyr., as <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> ματέρος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>539</span>; ματέρι <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1481</span>; <b class="b3">μητέρος</b> in iambics, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>843</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Or.</span>580</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Rh.</span>393</span>: acc. always <b class="b3">μητέρα, μητέρας</b>: voc. <b class="b3">μῆτερ</b>:—[[mother]], <span class="bibl">Il.1.351</span>, etc.; of animals, [[dam]], <span class="bibl">17.4</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.10.414</span>; of a <b class="b2">mother-bird</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.2.313</span>; of [[queen]] bees, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>553a29</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἀπὸ ματρὸς φίλας, ἐκ ματρός</b>, from one's <b class="b2">mother's womb</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>5.114</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span> 422</span> (lyr.): in pl., <b class="b2">mother and grandmother</b>, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Agis</span>9</span>; as an address to elderly women, ὦ μῆτερ <span class="bibl">D.S.17.37</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Theoc.15.60</span>, etc.: in titles, <b class="b3">μ. πατρίδος</b>, = [[Mater Patriae]], <span class="bibl">D.C.58.2</span>; <b class="b3">μ. τῶν ἀηττήτων στρατοπέδων</b>, = <b class="b2">Mater invictorum castrorum</b>, of Julia Domna, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>362 xi 16</span> (iii A.D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> of lands, <b class="b3">μ. μήλων, θηρῶν</b>, [[mother]] of flocks, of game, <span class="bibl">Il. 2.696</span>,<span class="bibl">8.47</span>, etc.; freq. of Earth, γῆ πάντων μ. <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>563</span>; πὰρ μέσον ὀμφαλὸν εὐδένδροιο… ματέρος <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.74</span>; γῆ μήτηρ <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>16</span>, etc.; ὦ γαῖα μῆτερ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>601</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ Μήτηρ</b>, = [[Δημήτηρ]], τῇ Μητρὶ καὶ τῇ Κούρῃ ὁρτὴν ἄγουσι <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.65</span>; also of Rhea, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>3.78</span>; ὦ Πὰν... Ματρὸς μεγάλας ὀπαδέ <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>95</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>1355</span> (lyr.); μ. ὀρεία <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>746</span> (lyr.); Γαλλαὶ μητρὸς ὀρείης φιλόθυρσοι δρομάδες <span class="title">Lyr.Adesp.</span>121; M. θεῶν <span class="title">SIG</span>1044.8 (Halic., iv B.C.); as title of Isis, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PPetr.</span>3p.2</span> (cf. p.xi) (iii B.C.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> freq. of one's native land, μᾶτερ ἐμά, Θήβα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>1.1</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">P.</span>8.98</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>416</span>, <span class="bibl">Isoc.4.25</span>; and so, like [[μητρόπολις]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>9.20</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">6.100</span>; ἡ Σκῦρος ἀνδρῶν ἀλκίμων μ. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>326</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> poet., the [[origin]] or [[source]] of events, <b class="b3">μ. ἀέθλων</b>, of Olympia, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>8.1</span>; πειθαρχία γὰρ τῆς εὐπραξίας μ. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>225</span>; ἡ γνώμη κακῶν μ. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1361</span>; of night, as [[the mother]] of day, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>265</span>; the grape of wine, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pers.</span>614</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Alc.</span>757</span>; ματέρ' οἰνάνθας ὀπώραν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>5.6</span>; Aphrodite of the Loves, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>122.4</span>; <b class="b3">φάτις ὦ μᾶτερ αἰσχύνας ἐμᾶς</b>, of a rumour, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>174</span> (lyr.): also in Prose, γεωργίαν τῶν ἄλλων τεχνῶν μητέρα <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Oec.</span>5.17</span>; <b class="b3">πολιτειῶν μητέρες δύο</b> (sc. <b class="b3">μοναρχία</b> and <b class="b3">δημοκρατία</b>) <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>693d</span>. (Cf. Lat.[[mater]], OE. [[módor]], etc.)</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: [[mother]] (Il.);<br />Other forms: Dor. <b class="b3">μάτηρ</b>; <b class="b3">μητρός</b>, <b class="b3">μητέρα</b> etc. (Schwyzer 567)<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[mate]].<br />Compounds: Many compp., e.g. <b class="b3">μητρο-πάτωρ</b> <b class="b2">mothers father, grandfather through mother</b> (Il.) and other kinship-names, <b class="b3">μητρό-πολις</b> f. <b class="b2">town, which is mother, mothertown</b> (Pi., Simon, IA.), <b class="b3">ἀ-μήτωρ</b> [[motherless]] (Hdt.), poet. also <b class="b2">Not-Mother</b> in <b class="b3">μήτηρ ἀμήτωρ</b> (S.); perh. <b class="b3">Δη-μήτηρ</b> (s. v.). On the compp. in gen. Sommer Nominalkomp. 147, 176f. a.o. (s. Index p. 208), Risch IF 59, 17f., 59 a. 261, Wackernagel Glotta 14, 38 (= Kl. Schr. 2, 846).<br />Derivatives: 1. Diminutiva: <b class="b3">ματρύλ(λ)α</b> f. "dear mother", <b class="b2">brothel-hostess</b> (Phryn., Eust.) with <b class="b3">ματρυλ-εῖον</b> [[brothel]] (Din., Men.); Leumann Glotta 32,224 (= Kl. Schr. 250), Björck Alpha impurum 67; <b class="b3">μητράριον</b> = [[matercula]] (Gloss.). -- 2. <b class="b3">μήτρα</b>, ion. <b class="b3">-η</b> f. [[uterus]], [[womb]] (IA.), metaph. [[hardwood]], [[marrow]] (Thphr.; Strömberg Theophrastea 122 ff.), also [[queen bee]] (Arist.; Wackernagel Festgabe Kaegi 55 [= Kl. Schr. 1, 483] and Sommer Nominalkomp. 147 n. 4); <b class="b3">μητρίδιος</b> "with womb", <b class="b2">rich in seeds</b> (Ar. Lys. 549; after <b class="b3">κουρίδιος</b>, <b class="b3">νυμφίδιος</b>?). -- 3. <b class="b3">μητρίς</b> (sc. <b class="b3">γῆ</b>) f. [[land of the mother]] (Pherecr.; after <b class="b3">πατρίς</b>). -- 4. <b class="b3">μητρικός</b> <b class="b2">regarding the mother</b> (Arist., hell. inscr., pap.; Wackernagel l.c. 5 3 f. [= 481 f.]). -- 5. <b class="b3">μητρό-θεν</b> (Dor. <b class="b3">μα-</b>) <b class="b2">from mothers side</b> (Pi.). -- 6. Denomin. verbs: <b class="b3">μητρ-ιάζω</b> <b class="b2">honour the (Great) Mother</b> (Poll.; after <b class="b3">θυσι-άζω</b>, cf. Schwyzer 735), <b class="b3">-ίζω</b> <b class="b2">belong to the (Great) Mother</b> (Iamb.), <b class="b3">-άζω</b> <b class="b2">resemble the mother</b> (Gloss.). -- 7. PN <b class="b3">Μητρείς</b> (Schulze Kl. Schr. 419), <b class="b3">Μᾶτρυς</b> (Leumann Glotta 32, 220 [= Kl. Schr. 246]). -- 8. On <b class="b3">μήτρως</b> and <b class="b3">μητρυιά</b> s. vv. -- On <b class="b3">μήτηρ</b> and derivv. Chantraine REGr. 59--60, 238ff.; on familiar replacing words (<b class="b3">μαῖα</b> a.o.) id. Etudes 16.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [700] <b class="b2">*meh₂ter</b> [[mother]]<br />Etymology: Old inherited word, which may go back on a Lallwort [[mā]] (s. <b class="b3">μᾶ</b>; but this is perh. rejected by the laryngeal <b class="b2">*meh₂-</b>) for [[mother]], retained everywhere except in Hitt. (which has [[annaš]]), e.g. Skt. <b class="b2">mātár-</b>, Lat. [[māter]], Lith. <b class="b2">mótė</b> [[mother]] (dial.), often (also) [[woman]], [[wife]], Germ., e.g. OHG [[muoter]]. More forms Pok. 700.