μορφή: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ἡ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[form]], [[shape]], twice in Hom. (not in Hes.), <b class="b3">σοὶ δ' ἔπι μὲν μορφὴ ἐπέων</b> thou hast [[comeliness]] of words, <span class="bibl">Od.11.367</span> (cf. Eust. ad loc.); so prob. <b class="b3">ἄλλος μὲν… εἶδος ἀκιδνότερος πέλει ἀνήρ, ἀλλὰ θεὸς μορφὴν ἔπεσι στέφει</b> God adds a crown of [[shapeliness]] to his words, <span class="bibl">Od.8.170</span>: freq. later, μορφὰς δύο ὀνομάζειν <span class="bibl">Parm.8.53</span>; μορφὴν ἀλλάξαντα <span class="bibl">Emp.137.1</span>; μορφὰν βραχύς <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>4(3).53</span>; <b class="b3">μορφῆς μέτρα</b> [[shape]] and size, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>1063</span>: periphr., μορφῆς φύσις <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Supp.</span>496</span>; <b class="b3">μορφῆς σχῆμα, τύπωμα</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>992</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>162</span>; τὴν αὐτὴν τοῦ σχήματος μορφήν <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>640b34</span>; καὶ Γαῖα, πολλῶν ὀνομάτων μ. μία <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>212</span>; <b class="b3">ὀνειράτων ἀλίγκιοι μορφαῖσιν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">449</span>; νυκτέρων φαντασμάτων ἔχουσι μορφάς <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>312</span>; προὔπεμψεν ἀντὶ φιλτάτης μ. σποδόν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>1159</span>; of plants, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>1.1.12</span> (pl.); esp. with ref. to <b class="b2">beauty of form</b>, ὑπέρφατον μορφᾷ <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>9.65</span>; <b class="b3">οἷς ποτιστάξῃ χάρις εὐκλέα μ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">6.76</span>, cf. <span class="title">IG</span>42 (1).121.119 (Epid., iv B. C.), <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">To.</span>1.13</span>, <span class="bibl">Vett.Val.1.6</span>, etc.; σῶμα μορφῆς ἐμῆς <span class="title">OGI</span>383.41 (Commagene, i B. C.); <b class="b3">μορφῆς εἰκόνας</b> ib.27; <b class="b3">χαρακτῆρα μορφῆς ἐμῆς</b> ib.60. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> generally, [[form]], [[fashion]], [[appearance]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>78</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>699</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>199</span> (lyr.); [[outward form]], opp. εἶδος, ἑκατέρω τῶ εἴδεος πολλαὶ μ. <span class="bibl">Philol.5</span>; ἀλλάττοντα τὸ αὑτοῦ εἶδος εἰς πολλὰς μορφάς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>380d</span>; μ. θεῶν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>4.3.13</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Phil.</span>2.6</span>, <span class="bibl">Dam.<span class="title">Pr.</span>304</span>; ἡρώων εἴδεα καὶ μορφάς <span class="bibl">A.R.4.1193</span>; <b class="b3">κατά τε μορφὰς καὶ φωνάς</b> [[gesticulations]] and cries, <span class="bibl">D.H.14.9</span>; <b class="b3">τὴν μ. μελάγχρους, τῇ μ. μελίχροας</b>, in [[complexion]], <span class="bibl">Ptol.<span class="title">Tetr.</span>143</span>, <span class="bibl">144</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[kind]], [[sort]], <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Ion</span> 382</span>, <span class="bibl">1068</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>397c</span>, etc. (Possibly cogn. with Lat. [[forma]] for <b class="b2">morgu̯hmā</b>, with [[f]] by dissimilation, cf. [[μύρμηξ]].)</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">outward (corporal) shape, form, beautiful shape, charm</b> (θ 170 a. λ 367; on the meaning cf. Treu Von Homer zur Lyrik 175f.).<br />Compounds: Very often as 2. member, e.g. <b class="b3">πολύ-μορ-φος</b> <b class="b2">with many forms</b> (Hp., Arist.) with <b class="b3">πολυμορφ-ία</b> (Longin., Him.).<br />Derivatives: Three denominatives : 1. <b class="b3">μορφόομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-όω</b>, also with <b class="b3">μετα-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-</b> a.o., <b class="b2">assume a shape, form</b> (Thphr., Arat., LXX, NT, Plu.) with (<b class="b3">μετα-</b>, <b class="b3">δια-)μόρφωσις</b> [[shaping]], [[embodiment]] (Thphr., Str., Ep. Rom.); <b class="b3">μορφ-ώτρια</b> f. <b class="b2">she who forms, represents</b> (E. Tr.437), <b class="b3">-ωτικός</b> [[forming]] (Gal., Prokl.); also <b class="b3">μόρφωμα</b> [[form]] (Epicur., Aq.), but in trag. (A., E.) as enlargement of <b class="b3">μορφή</b>, cf. Chantraine Form. 186 f. -- 2. <b class="b3">μορφάζω</b> <b class="b2">make gestures, behave oneself</b> (X.) with <b class="b3">-ασμός</b> name of a dance (Ath., Poll.), [[embellish]] (Eust.); <b class="b3">ἐπι-μορφάζω</b> [[pretend]], [[simulate]] (Ph.). -- 3. <b class="b3">μορφύνει καλλωπίζει</b>, <b class="b3">κοσμεῖ</b> H. (after <b class="b3">καλλύνω</b> a.o.); from <b class="b3">ἄ-μορφος</b>: <b class="b3">ἀμορφύνειν οὑ δεόντως πράττειν</b> H. (Antim. 72). -- Two names: <b class="b3">Μορφώ</b> f. surn. of Aphrodite in Sparta (Paus., Lyc.), <b class="b3">Μορφεύς</b> m. son of (the) Sleep (Or. Met. 11, 635), father of the dream-images created by him; Bosshardt 122 f. To be rejected Güntert Kalypso 193 f.: <b class="b3">Μορφώ</b> and <b class="b3">Μορφεύς</b> to <b class="b3">μόρφνος</b>. -- Adj. <b class="b3">μορφήεις</b> <b class="b2">with beautiful shape</b> (Pi.).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: <b class="b3">ἀμερφές αἰσχρόν</b> H. points to a noun <b class="b3">*μέρφος</b> n., beside which <b class="b3">μορφή</b> as <b class="b3">γένος</b> : <b class="b3">γονή</b>, <b class="b3">τέγος</b> : Lat. [[toga]] a.o.; the for the verbal nouns <b class="b3">*μέρφος</b> and <b class="b3">μορφή</b> to be posited primary verb <b class="b3">*μέρφω</b> v.t. is unknown. Also further connections are quite hypothetical. After Solmsen KZ 34, 23 f. (s. also Persson Beitr. 2, 687 a. 689) as *'glittering motley outward aspect' with <b class="b3">μορφνος</b> (s.v.) to Lith. <b class="b2">márgas</b> [[motley]], [[manycoloured]], [[beautiful]], beside which the zero grade <b class="b2">mirgė́ti</b> <b class="b2">light up and again extinguish, shine in motley play of colours</b>; one should start from an IE verb <b class="b2">*mergʷʰ-</b> <b class="b2">bunt glänzen o.ä.</b>. Diff. on the Lith. words WP. 2, 274 and Fraenkel Wb. s. <b class="b2">márgas</b>. -- Not better Osthoff BB 24, 137A. (to <b class="b3">μάρπτω</b>), Thieme ZDMG 102, 107 (to Skt. <b class="b2">bráhman-</b>). -- On the attempts to connect Lat. [[forma]] with <b class="b3">μορφή</b> s. W.-Hofmann and Ernout-Meillet s.v. (DELG points to the difficulty of the [[o]]).