πύργος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[tower]], esp. such as were attached to the walls of a city, <span class="bibl">Il.7.219</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>242</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.74</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Th.2.17</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Plb.5.99.9</span>, etc.: in pl., <b class="b2">city walls</b> or [[ramparts with their towers]], <span class="bibl">Il.7.338</span>, <span class="bibl">437</span>; in sg., ἧντ' ἐπὶ πύργῳ <span class="bibl">3.153</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">22.447</span>; πόλιος ἣν πέρι πύργος ὑψηλός <span class="bibl">Od.6.262</span>; πέριξ δὲ πύργος εἶχ' ἔτι πτόλιν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>1209</span>; πύργους ἐπὶ τῶν γεφυρῶν ἐπιστῆσαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Criti.</span>116a</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b2">movable tower</b> for storming towns, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>6.1.53</span>, <span class="bibl">6.2.18</span>; π. ὑπότροχοι <span class="bibl">Onos. 42.3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> [[tower]] on the back of war-elephants, <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">Tact.</span>2.4</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">d</span> <b class="b3">Ζανὸς π</b>., Pythag. name for the central fire of the universe, <span class="bibl">Arist. <span class="title">Fr.</span>204</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> metaph., <b class="b2">tower of defence</b>, <b class="b3">τοῖος . . σφιν π. ἀπώλεο</b>, of Ajax, <span class="bibl">Od.11.556</span>; ἄνδρες πόλιος π. ἀρεύϊος Alc.<span class="title">Supp.</span>1a.10; παῖς ἄρσην πατέρ' ἔχει π. μέγαν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>311</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Med.</span>390</span>; ἅπας μοι π. Ἑλλήνων πατρίς <span class="title">Trag.Adesp.</span>392; <b class="b3">θανάτων δ' ἐμᾷ χώρᾳ π. ἀνέστα</b> [[a tower of defence from]] deaths, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1201</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[the part of a house]] (prob. a separate building) [[in which the women lived and worked]], αἱ ἄλλαι θεράπαιναι ἐν τῷ π. ἦσαν, οὗπερ διαιτῶνται <span class="bibl">D.47.56</span>; esp. if unmarried, as Hero in her [[tower]], <span class="bibl">Musae.32</span>,<span class="bibl">187</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Philostr.Jun.<span class="title">Im.</span>1</span>; of the <b class="b2">workman's hut</b> of Timon the misanthrope (which also became his tomb, cf. <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Tim.</span>42</span>), <span class="bibl">Paus.1.30.4</span>, cf. <span class="title">AP</span> 7.402 (Antip.); [[outbuildings]], esp. if used in industry, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Is.</span>5.2</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Mi.</span>4.8</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PStrassb.</span>110.6</span> (iii B.C.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>1194.9</span> (ii B.C.), <span class="bibl">650.8</span> (i A.D.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>243.15</span> (i A.D.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Marc.</span>12.1</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>14.28</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PGiss.</span>67.16</span> (ii A.D.), <span class="title">IG</span>22.2776.65 (ii A.D.); π. ἐν ᾧ βαφεῖον καὶ ἕτερα χρηστήρια <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PLond.</span>2.371.3</span> (i A.D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">part of an army drawn up in close order, column</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.4.334</span>,<span class="bibl">347</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> at Teos, a division of the people, <span class="title">CIG</span>3064,3081, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> <b class="b2">dice-box</b>, AP9.482.24 (Agath.); cf. Lat. [[pyrgus]].</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">tower, wall-tower</b>, also the fortification wall itself (Il.), metaph. <b class="b2">closed division of warriors, column</b> (Il.), <b class="b2">siege-tower</b> (X.), <b class="b2">farm-building</b>, (LXX, pap., NT; lit. in Bauer Gr.-dt. Wb. s.v.).<br />Compounds: Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">πυργο-δάϊκτος</b> <b class="b2">destroying towers</b> (A. Pers. 105 [lyr.]; prop. <b class="b2">with destroyed towers</b>? Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 82; s. also E. Williger Sprachl. Unt. zu den Kompp. der gr. Dicht. des V.Jh.s [Göttingen 1928] 45 n. 1), <b class="b3">εὔ-πυργος</b> <b class="b2">with fair towers, well-towered</b> (Η 71 a.o.).<br />Derivatives: 1. Dimin. <b class="b3">πυργ-ίον</b>, <b class="b3">-ίδιον</b>, <b class="b3">-ίς</b>, <b class="b3">-ίσκος</b>, <b class="b3">-ίσκιον</b>, <b class="b3">-ισκάριον</b> (mostly hell. a. late); 2. <b class="b3">-ωμα</b>, mostly pl. <b class="b3">-ώματα</b> n. <b class="b2">tower structures</b> (Orac. ap. Hdt., A., E.); 3. <b class="b3">πυργιτρον</b> n. form a. meaning unclear (pap.VIp); 4. <b class="b3">πυργ-ίτης</b> n. <b class="b2">kind of sparrow</b> (Gal. a.o.; s. Redard 84 and on <b class="b3">σποργίλος</b>); <b class="b3">-ῖτις βοτάνη</b> H. 5. Adj. <b class="b3">πύργ-ινος</b> <b class="b2">consisting of towers</b> (A. in lyr.), <b class="b3">-ειος</b> <b class="b2">tower-like</b> (Ion., trag.), <b class="b3">-ώδης</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (S.), <b class="b3">-ῶτις</b> [[towered]] (A. in lyr.; f. on <b class="b3">*-ώτης</b>, Redard 8); <b class="b3">-ήρης</b> <b class="b2">provided with towers, enclosed within towers or walls</b> (Orac. ap. Paus.) with <b class="b3">-ηρέομαι</b> <b class="b2">to be enclosed within towers or walls, to be besieged</b> (A., E.). 6. Adv. <b class="b3">-ηδόν</b> [[columnwise]] (Il.), [[towerwise]] (Aret.). 7. Verb <b class="b3">πυργ-ῶσαι</b>, <b class="b3">-όω</b> <b class="b2">to fence with towers, to pile up</b> (λ 264) with <b class="b3">-ωτός</b> <b class="b2">piled up</b> (Str. a.o.). 8. <b class="b3">Πυργ-αλίδαι</b> m. pl. n. of a guild in Kameiros (inscr.); after <b class="b3">Τανταλ-ίδαι</b>?<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]<br />Etymology: Building technical expression; because of the striking similarity with NHG [[Burg]], Goth. [[baurgs]] [[town]], [[tower]] by Kretschmer Glotta 22, 100ff. taken as German. LW [loanword] through Northbalkan. (Macedon. ?) mediation. By others taken as Pre-Greek (Pelasgian as a form of Indo-European can now be forgotten. s. Furnée 40-55; s. Heubeck Praegraeca 63ff. w. further lit. In the same way is considered <b class="b3">Πέργαμος</b>, <b class="b3">-ον</b>, <b class="b3">-α</b> <b class="b2">the citadel (of Troy)</b>, also PlN, to NHG [[Berg]], Hitt. [[parkuš]] [[high]] etc.), s. Heubeck l.c. (Pok. 140f.), where also on the H.-glosses <b class="b3">φύρκος τεῖχος</b> and <b class="b3">φ</b><<b class="b3">ο</b>><b class="b3">ύρκορ ὀχύρωμα</b> (on this also Pisani Rev. int. ét. balk. 3, 22 n. 1); there is also a stronghold in Elis called <b class="b3">Πύργος</b> (Hdt. 4, 148, Str.) and a <b class="b3">Φύρκος</b> (Th. 5,49) -- On Lat. [[burgus]] (from Germ. or only influenced by it?) W.-Hofmann s.v. with Nachträgen. -- The forms with <b class="b3">φυρκ-</b> show well-known Pre-Greek alternations. To Asia Minor may point Urart. [[burgana]] [[palace]]. As to <b class="b3">Περγαμον</b>, the suffix <b class="b3">-αμο-</b> is Pre-Greek (cf. <b class="b3">κάρδαμον</b>). (Its non-IE character is confirmed by the place names <b class="b3">Περγασα</b>\/<b class="b3">Παργασα</b>\/<b class="b3">Βαργασα</b>, Furnée 64 n. 268, cf. on <b class="b3">πάγασα</b>) So the word is a normal Pre-Greek word.