σπείρω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=Aeol. σπέρρω Sch.D.T.<span class="bibl">p.117</span> H., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">EM</span>300.19</span>: Ion. impf. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> σπείρεσκον <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.42</span>: fut. σπερῶ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>79</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>276d</span>; Aeol. <b class="b3">σπέρσω</b> Sch.<span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>202</span>: aor. ἔσπειρα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>754</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.107</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Ti.</span>41c</span>: pf. ἔσπαρκα <span class="bibl">Polyaen.2.1.1</span>, etc.:—Med., aor. inf. σπείρασθαι <span class="bibl">A.R.3.1028</span>; aor. 2 <b class="b3">σπαρέσθαι</b> dub. l. in <span class="bibl">Polyaen.8.26</span>:—Pass., fut. σπᾰρήσομαι <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Na.</span>1.14</span>, (δια-) <span class="bibl">D.S.17.69</span>: aor. <b class="b3">ἐσπάρην [ᾰ</b>] <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1498</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.2.27</span>: pf. ἔσπαρμαι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span> 1098</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span> 1206</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>693a</span>, etc.:— [[sow]], </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> [[sow]] seed, c. acc., [<b class="b3">κέγχρους</b>] <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>399</span>; σῖτον <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.17</span>; στάχυν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>121</span>; of Cadmus, σ. γηγενῆ στάχυν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ba.</span>264</span> (so in Med., σπείρασθαι ὀδόντας <span class="bibl">A.R.3.1028</span>): abs., [[sow]], <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>391</span>; opp. <b class="b3">θερίζω</b>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>710</span>, etc.: metaph., <b class="b3">θερ. καὶ σ. ταῖς γλώσσαις</b>, of corrupt orators, ib. <span class="bibl">1697</span> (lyr.); καρπὸν ὧν ἔσπειρε θερίζειν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>260d</span>; αἰσχρῶς μὲν ἔσπειρας κακῶς δὲ ἐθέρισας <span class="bibl">Gorg.16</span>: prov., <b class="b3">εἰς πέτρας τε καὶ λίθους σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>838e</span>; <b class="b3">σ. κατὰ πετρῶν</b>, i.e. <b class="b3">εἰς πέλαγος</b> (cf. σπέρμα <span class="bibl">1.1</span>), <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Am.</span> 20</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[engender]], [[beget]] offspring (cf. <span class="bibl">11.2</span>), <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1293</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tr.</span>33</span>, E.<span class="title">Ion</span> <span class="bibl">49</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">οἱ σπείραντες</b> the [[parents]], IG3.1339, cf. 14.1794 (Rome); <b class="b3">ἄθυτα παλλακῶν σπέρματα σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>841d</span>:—Pass., [[spring]] or <b class="b2">be born</b>, ὅθενπερ αὐτὸς ἐσπάρη <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1498</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span> 554</span> (troch.), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>460b</span>; <b class="b3">πρὸ τοῦ Ζήνωνα . . σπαρῆναι</b> before Z. <b class="b2">was begotten</b>, Phld.<span class="title">Rh.</span>2.110 S. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">scatter like seed, strew</b>, χρυσὸν καὶ ἄργυρον <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.107</span>; σ. φλόγα <span class="title">Trag.Adesp.</span>85; of liquids, [[scatter]] or [[sprinkle]], ἐκ τευχέων σ. δρόσον <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Andr.</span>167</span>; [[spread abroad]], [[extend]], σ. ἀγλαΐαν νάς ῳ <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>1.13</span>; [[spread]] rumour, σ. ματαίαν βάξιν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>642</span>; <b class="b3">μὴ σπεῖρε πολλοῖς τὸν παρόντα δαίμονα</b> [[do]] not <b class="b2">speak of</b> it [[indiscriminately]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Fr.</span>653</span>:—Pass., <b class="b2">to be scattered</b> or [[dispersed]], <b class="b3">ἐσπαρμένος κατὰ . . πόλιν</b>, of the ashes of Solon [[scattered]] over Salamis, <span class="bibl">Cratin.228</span>; τόξα δ' ἔσπαρται πέδῳ <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>1098</span>; of persons, ἐσπάρησαν καθ' Ἑλλάδα <span class="bibl">Th.2.27</span>; ἐσπαρμένοι εἰς ἁρπαγήν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>3.4.22</span>; <b class="b3">κατὰ χώραν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">6.2.17</span>; ἔσπαρται λόγος <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>846</span> ap.<span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>1206</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[sow]] a field, νειόν <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>463</span>; <b class="b3">γῆν, τέμενος, πεδιάδα</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.42</span>, <span class="bibl">9.116</span>, <span class="bibl">122</span>; ἄρουραν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>158</span>; <b class="b3">ἡ σπειρομένη Αἴγυπτος</b> [[the arable part of]] Egypt, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.77</span>; τυχεῖν μὲν ἤδη 'σπαρμένα <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span> 1140</span>; ἀροῦται καὶ σπείρεται τὸ Θηβαίων ἄστυ <span class="bibl">Din.1.24</span>: prov., <b class="b3">πόντον σπείρειν</b>, of lost labour, <span class="bibl">Thgn.106</span>, <span class="bibl">107</span>: metaph., καινοτάταις σ. διανοίαις <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>1044</span>; σ. εἰς ἀρετῆς ἔκφυσιν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>777e</span>; τοὺς ἐν γράμμασι κήπους <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phdr.</span> 276d</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> of procreation, ματρὸς . . σ. ἄρουραν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>754</span>; σ. τέκνων ἄλοκα <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>18</span>; σ. λέχη <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ion</span>64</span>; <b class="b3">ἣν ἔσπειρε</b>, i.e. his wife, <span class="bibl">Lib.<span class="title">Or.</span> 37.9</span>; v. supr. <span class="bibl">1.2</span>.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">to sow, to seed</b>, also (esp. w. prefix) <b class="b2">to spread, to scatter, to distribute</b>.<br />Other forms: Aor. <b class="b3">σπεῖραι</b>, fut. <b class="b3">σπερῶ</b>, aor. pass. <b class="b3">σπαρ-ῆναι</b>, fut. <b class="b3">-ήσομαι</b>, perf. midd. <b class="b3">ἔσπαρμαι</b> (IA), act. <b class="b3">ἔσπαρκα</b> (late.).<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[pemo]], [[pema]].<br />Compounds: often w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">δια-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>.<br />Derivatives: A. With full grade: 1. <b class="b3">σπέρμα</b> n. [[seed]], [[sowing]], [[stem]], [[sprout]] ( ε 490); as 1. member also with transition in the <b class="b2">o-</b>stems, e.g. <b class="b3">σπερμο-λόγος</b> "picking up corn", [[rook]] (Ar., Arist. etc.; Schmid Phil. 95, 82), [[chatterbox]] (D. etc., MLat. [[spermologus]]; Silvestre Arch. Lat. Med. Aevi 30, 155 ff.). From it <b class="b3">σπερ-μάτιον</b> n. dimin. (Thphr. a. o.), <b class="b3">-ματίας</b> (<b class="b3">σικυός</b>) m. <b class="b2">seed bearer</b> (Cratin.), <b class="b3">-ματίτης</b>, <b class="b3">-ματῖτις</b> <b class="b2">bearing, bringing forth seed</b> (late; Redard 102), <b class="b3">-ματικός</b> <b class="b2">to hold, to bring forth seed</b> (Arist. etc.), <b class="b3">-ματώδης</b> <b class="b2">seed-like</b> (late); <b class="b3">-μαίνω</b> <b class="b2">to sow, to bring forth</b> (Hes., Call., Plu. a. o.), <b class="b3">-ματίζω</b> <b class="b2">to sow, to bear seed</b>, <b class="b3">-ματίζομαι</b> <b class="b2">to be sown, pregnant</b> with <b class="b3">-ματισμός</b> m. (LXX, Thphr.), <b class="b3">-ματόομαι</b> [[to come to seed]] (Thphr.) with <b class="b3">-μάτωσις</b> (Phan. Hist.). -- 2. <b class="b3">σπέραδος</b> n. = <b class="b3">σπέρμα</b> (Nic.; like <b class="b3">χέραδος</b>). -- B. With <b class="b2">o-</b>ablaut: 1. <b class="b3">σπόρος</b> m. [[seed]], [[sowing]] (Att.) with <b class="b3">-ιμος</b> <b class="b2">fit for sowing</b>, <b class="b3">τὰ -α</b> <b class="b2">sowing fields</b> (X.. Thphr., LXX a. o.; Arbenz 46 a. 48). 2. <b class="b3">σπορά</b> f. [[sowing]], [[seed]], [[procreation]], [[descent]] (Trag., Pl., Thphr. a. o.) with <b class="b3">-αῖος</b> [[sown]] (Babr.); often to the prefixcompp., e.g. <b class="b3">διασπορά</b> f. [[dispersal]], [[exile]] (LXX, Ph., Plu. a. o.). 3. From <b class="b3">σπόρος</b> or <b class="b3">σπορά</b>: <b class="b3">ὁμό-σπορος</b> <b class="b2">of the same seed, kindred</b> (poet. h. Cer.); <b class="b3">σπορ-εύς</b> (<b class="b3">κατα-</b>. <b class="b3">δια-</b>) m. [[sower]], [[begetter]] (X., pap. a.o.; Bosshardt 53). 4. <b class="b3">σπορητός</b> m. [[sowing]], [[seed]] (A., X., Thphr.; after <b class="b3">ἀλοητός</b>, <b class="b3">ἄμητος</b> a. o.; not with Bosshardt l. c. from <b class="b3">*σπορέω</b>). 5. <b class="b3">σποράς</b>, <b class="b3">-άδος</b> [[dispersed]] (IA.), <b class="b3">αἱ Σποράδες</b> group of islands, with <b class="b3">-άδην</b> [[dispersed]] (Att. etc.), <b class="b3">-αδικός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Arist.), <b class="b3">-άσαι</b> aor. <b class="b2">to disperse</b> (inscr.). 6. <b class="b3">ἐπισπορ-ίη</b> f. <b class="b2">after-seed, second seed</b> (Hes.; <b class="b3">ἐπίσπορος</b> A.), <b class="b3">περισπόρ-ια</b> n. pl. [[suburbs]] (LXX). -- C. With zero grade: 1. <b class="b3">σπαρ-τός</b> [[sown]] (A. a. o.); <b class="b3">οἱ Σπαρτοί</b> m.. pl. "the sown ones", of the dragonseed of Kadmos (Pi. a.o.); 2. [[σπαρνός]] (s. v.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [993] <b class="b2">*sper-</b> [[strew]], [[sow]], [[sprinkle]]<br />Etymology: As agricultural term for sowing <b class="b3">σπείρω</b> belongs exclusively to Greek. In the west, including Balto-Slavic, appear for it representatives of <b class="b2">sē-</b> : <b class="b2">sh₁-</b> (Lat. [[sēmen]] etc.); s. Ernout-Meillet and W.-Hofmann s. 1. [[serō]] (cf. also above on <b class="b3">ἵημι</b>). Also in the supposedly older meaning [[strew]] the other languages provide nothing, that can be identified with <b class="b3">σπείρω</b>. Nearest cognate Armenian has in <b class="b2">sp'iṙ</b> [[strews]] with <b class="b2">sp`rem</b> <b class="b2">spread out</b> and in <b class="b2">p`arat</b> [[spread out]], [[separated]] with <b class="b2">p`aratem</b> [[spread out]], [[remove]] words which, not to speak of the "rolling" [[r]] and the vowel (IE [[ē]] or [[i]]) in <b class="b2">sp`iṙ</b> , in anlaut (IE (<b class="b2">s)ph-</b>?) differ from <b class="b3">σπείρω</b>. Arm. [[sparnam]] [[threaten]] (Meillet BSL 31, 52) differs semantically strongly. The last word leads to the s. <b class="b3">σπαίρω</b> adduced Skt. <b class="b2">sphuráti</b>, Lat. [[spernō]] etc. Thus we retain two IE groups <b class="b2">sp(h)er-</b> with the general meaning [[strew]], [[sprinkle]], [[spatter]] resp. <b class="b2">draw out, kick with the foot, sprawl,</b> (Gm.) [[hurry]], which, cannot well be distinguished and as popular-expressive expressions may have formed the starting point for <b class="b3">σπείρω</b>". Cf. the lit. on [[σπαίρω]]. -- Hitt. <b class="b2">išpar-iya-zi</b> (beside <b class="b2">išpar-i</b>) <b class="b2">he folds out, stretches out</b>, wit <b class="b3">σπείρω</b> formally comparable, gives some doubts (Benveniste BSL 33, 139).