νῆστις: Difference between revisions

|Definition=gen. ιος or ιδος, ὁ and ἡ (v. infr.); also dat. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> νήστει <span class="bibl">Hp. <span class="title">Acut.</span>60</span>: pl. νήστεις <span class="bibl">Antiph.138</span>, <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Rh.</span>9.16</span>: (νη-, ἔδω):—[[not eating]], [[fasting]], of persons, ἀνώγοιμι πτολεμίζειν υἷας Ἀχαιῶν νήστιας, ἀκμήνους <span class="bibl">Il.19.207</span>; νήστιες ἄχρι… κνέφαος <span class="bibl">Od.18.370</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Diocl.Fr.43</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>15.32</span>, etc.; νήστισιν ἐπιθέντες οἱ πολέμιοι <span class="bibl">Onos.12.1</span>: c. gen., νῆστις βορᾶς <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>973</span>: metaph., <b class="b3">νῆστιν ἀνὰ… ψάμμαν</b> over the [[hungry]] sand, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>573</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> with an abstract Subst., freq. in A., νῆστιν νόσον [[famine]], [[Ag]]. 1016 (lyr.); ν. λιμός <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ch.</span>250</span>; <b class="b3">νήστισιν αἰκίαις</b> the pains [[of hunger]], [[Pr]].<span class="bibl">599</span> (lyr.); νήστιδες δύαι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ag.</span>1621</span>; also <b class="b3">νῆστις ὀσμή</b> the bad breath <b class="b2">of one fasting</b>, <span class="bibl">Phryn.<span class="title">PS</span>p.91</span> B. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> Act., [[causing hunger]], [[starving]], πνοαὶ νήστιδες <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>193</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> as Subst., <b class="b3">νῆστις, ἡ,</b> acc. νῆστιν <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Fr.</span>318.3</span>, <span class="bibl">506.4</span>, <span class="bibl">Eub.110</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> the [[intestinum jejunum]], from its always being found empty, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Carn.</span> 19</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Fr.</span>506.4</span>, <span class="bibl">Eub.63.5</span> (anap.), cf. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span>675b33</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ν. κεστρεύς</b>, fish so called because its stomach was always found empty, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Fr.</span>156</span>, etc.: hence in Com., of 'empty bellies', ἐγὼ δὲ κεστρεὺς νῆστις οἴκαδ' ἀποτρέχω <span class="bibl">Alex.256</span>, etc., cf. <span class="bibl">Ath.7.307d</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">Νῆστις, ἡ,</b> = [[ὕδωρ]], <span class="bibl">Emp.6.3</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Alex.322</span>.</span>

|etymtx=-ιος, -ιδος<br />Grammatical information: m. a. f.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">not eating, fasting, sober (jejune)</b> (Il.); subst. f. part of the small intestine, [[intestinum ieiunum]], as it was found always empty upon section (Hp., Arist.; Strömberg Wortstudien 63); second. masc. <b class="b3">νήστης</b> (Semon., Arist.), f. <b class="b3">νήστειρα</b> (Nic. Al. 130; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 126 A. 2). With pleonastic <b class="b3">ἀ-</b> (cf. <b class="b3">ἀβέλτερος</b>) <b class="b3">ἄνηστις</b> = <b class="b3">ἄσιτος</b> (A. Fr. 433 Mette, Cratin. 45).<br />Other forms: dat. also <b class="b3">-ει</b>, nom. pl. also <b class="b3">-εις</b>.<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">νηστεύω</b> [[fast]] with <b class="b3">νηστεία</b>, <b class="b3">-η</b> f. [[fasting]] (IA.) and the rare and late adj. <b class="b3">νήστιμος</b> (pap.; Arbenz 87), <b class="b3">-ικός</b> (Aët.) <b class="b2">belonging to fasting</b>.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [not in Pok.] <b class="b2">*n̥-h₁d-ti-</b> [[not eating]], [[fasting]], [[sober]]<br />Etymology: From the negation <b class="b2">n̥-</b> and the verb for [[eat]] (not as substantiv. of 3. sg. <b class="b3">*νῆστι</b> [[he does not eat]]; Wackernagel Gött. Nachr. 1914, 48 = Kl. Schr. 2, 1150, Syntax 2,252 (Schwyzer 504 n. 6). -- On the Sicilian watergoddess <b class="b3">Νῆστις</b> (Emp. 6, 3), which does not belong here s. Mayer Mél. Bq 2, 135 f. w. further lit.