πήγνυμι: Difference between revisions

|Definition=3pl.<span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> πηγνύουσι <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.72</span> (v.l.), <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>6.6.9</span>, but πηγνῦσι Hdt. l.c. codd. plur., <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Vict.</span>2.60</span> ; opt. πήγνυτο <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>118a</span> codd. ; inf. πηγνύειν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>6.7</span>, Dsc.4.95 : impf. πήγνυον <span class="bibl">Orph.<span class="title">L.</span>567</span> (περι-), <span class="bibl">Nonn.<span class="title">D.</span>5.50</span> : late form of pres. πήσσω (q. v.): fut. πήξω <span class="bibl">Il.22.283</span> ; Dor. πάξω <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>6.3</span> : aor. <b class="b3">ἔπηξα</b>, Ep. πῆξα <span class="bibl">Od.12.15</span>, etc. ; Aeol. part. πάξαις <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>10</span>(II).<span class="bibl">45</span> : pf. <b class="b3">πέπηχα</b>, only plpf. ἐμ-πεπήχεσαν <span class="bibl">D.C.40.40</span> :—Med. in trans. sense, πήγνῠμαι <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>809</span> : fut. πήξομαι Gal. 10.388 : aor. ἐπηξάμην <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>455</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.12</span>, etc. :—Pass. <b class="b3">πήγνῠμαι</b> : fut. πᾰγήσομαι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>437</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.4.92</span> ; <b class="b3">πήξομαι</b> (as Pass.) Hp.Aër.8 : aor. 1 <b class="b3">ἐπήχθην</b>, Ep. 3pl. πῆχθεν <span class="bibl">Il.8.298</span>, Dor. subj. παχθῇ <span class="bibl">Theoc.23.31</span>, part. πηχθείς <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Cyc.</span>302</span> : more freq. aor. 2 <b class="b3">ἐπάγην [ᾰ]</b>, Ep. <b class="b3">πάγην</b>, Ep. 3pl. πάγεν <span class="bibl">Il.11.572</span> ; part. παγείς <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>190</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>395</span> : pf. <b class="b3">πέπηγμαι</b> (κατα-, συμ-) <span class="bibl">D.H.5.46</span>, <span class="bibl">Arr.<span class="title">An.</span>2.21.1</span>: plpf. ἐπέπηκτο <span class="bibl">Jul. <span class="title">Or.</span>3.123b</span> ; but in the best authors, <b class="b3">πέπηγα</b> is used as the pf. Pass., <span class="bibl">Il.3.135</span>, etc. ; Aeol. πέπᾱγα <span class="bibl">Alc.34</span> ; opt. πεπαγοίην <span class="bibl">Eup.435</span> : plpf. ἐπεπήγειν <span class="bibl">Il.13.442</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.23</span> : </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> [[stick]] or [[fix in]], <b class="b3">ἐν δὲ μετώπῳ πῆξε [τὴν αἰχμήν</b>] <span class="bibl">Il.4.460</span>, etc. ; ἔνθα οἱ ἔγχος ἔπηξε <span class="bibl">13.570</span> ; ἐν γαίῃ π. ἐρετμόν <span class="bibl">Od.23.276</span> (or γαίῃ <span class="bibl">11.129</span>) ; π. ἐπὶ τύμβῳ ἐρετμόν <span class="bibl">11.77</span> (or τύμβῳ <span class="bibl">12.15</span>) ; [<b class="b3">γύην] ἐν ἐλύματι π</b>. <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>430</span>; ἔπαξε διὰ φρενῶν ξίφος <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>7.26</span> ; <b class="b2">fix in the earth, plant</b>, σκῆπτρον <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">El.</span>420</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Aj.</span>821</span> ; <b class="b3">σκηνήν, σκηνὰς π</b>., [[pitch]] a tent, <span class="bibl">And.4.30</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>817c</span> (in Med., <b class="b3">σκηνὰς πηξάμενοι</b> [[pitching themselves]] tents, <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.12</span>); <b class="b3">σταύρωμα π</b>. <span class="bibl">Th.6.66</span>; τὰς σχαλίδας π. ὑπτίας <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>6.7</span> ; [[plant]] seeds or cuttings, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>6.6.9</span>, <span class="bibl">7.4.10</span> : intr. pf. and Pass., <b class="b3">δόρυ δ' ἐν κραδίῃ ἐπεπήγει</b> the spear [[stuck fast]] in his heart, <span class="bibl">Il.13.442</span> ; [δοῦρα] ἐν χροῒ πήγνυτο <span class="bibl">15.315</span> ; [ὀϊστοὶ] ἐν χροῒ πῆχθεν <span class="bibl">8.298</span> ; δοῦρα ἐν σάκεϊ πάγεν <span class="bibl">11.572</span> ; [ξίφος] πέπηγεν ἐν γῇ <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>819</span> ; σκηνὴ ἔσκε πεπηγυῖα ἑτοίμη <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.119</span> ; <b class="b3">κυρβασίας ὀρθὰς πεπηγυίας</b> ib.<span class="bibl">64</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">70</span> :—Med., <b class="b3">ἐν ἀλλήλοις χείλεα πηξάμενοι</b>, of kissing, <span class="title">AP</span>5.254 (Paul. Sil.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[stick]] or [[fix on]], κεφαλὴν ἀνὰ σκολόπεσσι <span class="bibl">Il.18.177</span> ; σκόλοψι δέμας <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span> 1430</span> ; κρᾶτα πήξασ' ἐπ' ἄκρον θύρσον <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ba.</span>1141</span> :—Pass., <b class="b3">ἀμφὶ βουπόροισι πηχθέντας μέλη ὀβελοῖσι</b> [[having their]] limbs [[fixed]] on spits, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cyc.</span> 302</span> ; <b class="b3">ὑπὸ ῥάχιν παγέντες</b> [[impaled]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Eu.</span>190</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[fix upon]] an object, <b class="b3">κατὰ χθονὸς ὄμματα π</b>. <span class="bibl">Il.3.217</span> : intr. pf., πρὸς ἀστρονομίαν ὄμματα πέπηγεν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>53o</span>d, cf. Jul. l. c. (Pass.); πεπηγυῖα τὰς τῶν ὀμμάτων βολὰς ἐς τὰ τῆς ψυχῆς ἀπόρρητα <span class="bibl">Philostr.Jun.<span class="title">Im.</span>11</span> : c. inf., <b class="b3">ἡ σοφία ἀρέσκειν πέπηγε</b> <b class="b2">is bent upon</b> pleasing, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>605a</span> : abs., <b class="b3">τὸ πεπηγὸς ὄμμα</b> [[immovable]] eye, [[fixed]] gaze, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Prorrh.</span>1.46</span>, cf. Gal.16.610. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[fasten]] [different parts] [[together]], [[fit together]], [[build]], νῆας πῆξαι <span class="bibl">Il.2.664</span> ; <b class="b3">ἴκρια π</b>. <span class="bibl">Od.5.163</span> :—Med., <b class="b3">πήξασθαι ἄμαξαν</b> [[build oneself]] a wagon, <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Op.</span>455</span> ; νέας πηξάμενοι <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.83</span> :—Pass., <b class="b2">to be joined</b> or [[put together]], ψυχὴ καὶ σῶμα παγέν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>246c</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> [[make solid]] or [[stiff]], esp. of liquids, [[freeze]], θεὸς… πήγνυσι πᾶν ῥέεθρον <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>496</span> ; <b class="b3">τοὺς ποταμοὺς ἔπηξε</b> (sc. <b class="b3">ὁ θεός</b>) <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>139</span> ; βορρᾶς πηγνὺς τοὺς ἀνθρώπους <span class="bibl">X. <span class="title">An.</span>4.5.3</span> ; [[curdle]], γάλα Dsc.4.95 :—Med., <b class="b3">τυροὺς πήγνυσθαι</b> <b class="b2">to make oneself</b> cheese (by curdling the milk), Luc.<span class="title">VH</span>1.24 :—Pass. and intr. pf., [[become solid]], [[stiffen]], γοῦνα πήγνυται <span class="bibl">Il.22.453</span> ; ἄρθρα πέπηγέ μου <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>1395</span> (but also, [[become firm]] or [[set]], of limbs, <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>2.11</span> ; πεπηγυῖα ὑγιεινὴ κατάστασις <span class="bibl">Gal.<span class="title">Thras.</span>7</span>) ; of liquids, [[freeze]], ἡ θάλασσα πήγνυται <span class="bibl">Hdt.4.28</span> ; <b class="b3">ἅλες πήγνυνται</b> salt [[crystallizes]], ib.<span class="bibl">53</span>, cf.<span class="bibl">6.119</span> ; φόνος πέπηγεν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ch.</span>67</span>(lyr.); πεπάγαισιν ὐδάτων ῤόαι <span class="bibl">Alc.34</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>7.4.3</span> ; <b class="b3">κρύσταλλος ἐπεπήγει οὐ βέβαιος</b> [[was]] not [[frozen]] so as to bear, <span class="bibl">Th.3.23</span> ; ἁνίκα [χιὼν] παχθῇ <span class="bibl">Theoc.23.31</span> ; <b class="b3">ὄστρακον [ᾠοῦ] π</b>. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">GA</span> 752a35</span>; <b class="b3">γάλα π</b>. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">PA</span>676a14</span> ; <b class="b3">ὀφθαλμῶν οἱ μὲν ὑγιεῖς, οἱ δὲ πεπηγότες</b> [[blind]], of buds, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">CP</span>5.12.10</span> : metaph., <b class="b2">to be petrified, struck dumb</b>, <span class="bibl">Antiph.166.7</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> metaph., [[fix]], ὅρους τοῖς βαρβάροις <span class="bibl">Lycurg.73</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Aristopho 9.7</span> : Astrol., [[fix]], [[determine]] a nativity, Sch. <span class="bibl">Ptol.<span class="title">Tetr.</span>103</span> :—Med., <b class="b3">ὄφρα ἐν φρασὶ πάξαιθ', ὅπως</b>… that [[he might keep it fixed in his]] heart, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>3.62</span> ; [[establish]], χορούς <span class="bibl">Him.<span class="title">Or.</span>16.6</span> :— Pass. and intr. pf., <b class="b2">to be irrevocably fixed, established</b>, εἷς ὅρος ἡμῖν παγήσεται <span class="bibl">Th.4.92</span> ; <b class="b3">πῆγμα</b> (Aurat. for <b class="b3">πῆμα</b>) γενναίως παγέν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span> 1198</span>; κακῶς παγέντας ὅρκους <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IA</span>395</span> ; ὀρθὰς παγείσας φρένας <span class="bibl">Carc. 6.2</span> ; μὴ γὰρ ὡς θεῷ νομίζετ' ἐκείνῳ τὰ παρόντα πεπηγέναι πράγματα ἀθάνατα <span class="bibl">D.4.8</span> ; τὰ καλῶς πεπηγότα τῇ φύσει <span class="bibl">Id.25.90</span>. (Cf. Lat. [[pango]].) </span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: v.<br />Meaning: to fix, to stick, to join, to congeal or to coagulate' (Il.).<br />Other forms: Dor. Aeol. <b class="b3">πάγ-</b>, also <b class="b3">-ύω</b> (X., Arist.), <b class="b3">πήσσω</b>, <b class="b3">-ττω</b> (hell.), aor. <b class="b3">πῆξαι</b> (<b class="b3">ἔπηκτο Λ</b> 378; Schwyzer 751; Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 383), pass. <b class="b3">παγῆναι</b>, <b class="b3">πηχθῆ-ναι</b>, fut. <b class="b3">πήξω</b>, perf. act. intr. <b class="b3">πέπηγα</b> (all Il.), trans. plqu. <b class="b3">ἐπεπήχεσαν</b> (D. C.), midd. <b class="b3">πέπηγμαι</b> (D. H., Arr.).<br />Compounds: Often w. prefix, e.g. <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, <b class="b3">συν-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b>, <b class="b3">παρα-</b>. Compounds: <b class="b3">πηγεσί-μαλλος</b> <b class="b2">dense of wool</b> (Γ 197; <b class="b3">-εσι-</b> prob. only enlarging, Schwyzer 444 w. n. 4); <b class="b3">-πηξ</b>, e.g. in <b class="b3">ἀντί-πηξ</b>, <b class="b3">-γος</b> f. <b class="b2">kind of chest</b> (E.; Bergson Eranos 58, 12 ff.); <b class="b3">ναυ-πηγ-ός</b> m. [[shipbuilder]] (Att. etc.); <b class="b3">-πηγ-ής</b> and <b class="b3">-παγ-ής</b>, e.g. <b class="b3">εὑ-πηγ-ής</b>. <b class="b3">εὑ-παγ-ής</b> [[well built]] (φ 334, Pl.), <b class="b3">περιπηγ-ής</b> [[frozen around]] (Nic.); <b class="b3">συμπαγ-ής</b> [[put together]] (Pl.).<br />Derivatives: A. From the full grade : 1. <b class="b3">πηγός</b> [[solid]], [[dense]], [[strong]] (ep. poet. I 124), prob. prop, [[fixing]] (cf. Schwyzer 459, Chantraine Form. 13); second. [[white]], also [[black]] (late poetry; wrongly concluded from Hom., Kretschmer Glotta 31, 95ff., Leumann Hom. Wörter 214 n. 8, to it also Reiter Die griech. Bez. der Farben weiß, grau und braun 74 f.). 2. <b class="b3">πηγάς</b>, <b class="b3">-άδος</b> f. <b class="b2">hoar-frost, rime</b> (Hes.); 3. <b class="b3">πηγυλίς</b> f. [[frosty]], [[icecold]] (ξ 476, A. R.), <b class="b2">hoar-frost, rime</b> (AP a.o.). 3. <b class="b3">πῆγμα</b> (<b class="b3">διά-</b>, <b class="b3">παρά-</b>, <b class="b3">σύμ-</b>, <b class="b3">πρόσ-</b> πήγνυμι a.o.) n. <b class="b2">smth. joint together, stage, scaffold etc.</b> (Hp., hell.; coni. ap. A. Ag. 1198), <b class="b3">-μάτιον</b> (Ph., Procl.); 4. <b class="b3">πῆξις</b> (<b class="b3">σύμ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἔκ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἔμ-</b> πήγνυμι a.o.) f. [[fixing]], [[fastening]], [[coagulation]] (Hp., Arist.); <b class="b3">πήγνυσις</b> f. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Ps.-Thales). 5. <b class="b3">πηκτός</b>, Dor. <b class="b3">πακ-</b> (<b class="b3">κατά-</b>, <b class="b3">σύμ-</b>, <b class="b3">εὔ-</b> πήγνυμι a.o.) <b class="b2">solid etc.</b> (in Att.); <b class="b3">πηκτή</b> f. <b class="b2">set up net, framework</b> (Ar., Arist.), <b class="b3">πακτά</b> f. [[fresh cheese]] (Theoc. a.o.; cf. Rohlfs ByzZ 37, 47); <b class="b3">ἐμπήκτης</b> m. <b class="b2">one who sticks up (the Athen. judicial notes)</b> (Arist.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 74); <b class="b3">πηκτίς</b> (Dor. Aeol. <b class="b3">πακ-</b>), <b class="b3">-ίδος</b> f. name of a Lydian harp (IA.); <b class="b3">πηκτικός</b> (<b class="b3">ἐκ-</b> πήγνυμι ) [[making coagulate]], [[congeal]] (Thphr.. Dsc.). 6. <b class="b3">πηγετός</b> m. = <b class="b3">παγ-</b> (D. P.). -- B. From the zero grade: <b class="b3">πάγος</b>, <b class="b3">-ετός</b>, <b class="b3">-ερός</b>, <b class="b3">πάγη</b>, <b class="b3">πάξ</b>, <b class="b3">πάχνη</b>, s. vv. (not <b class="b3">πάσσαλος</b>); also <b class="b3">πάγιος</b> [[stout]], [[solid]] (Pl., Arist.) and <b class="b3">παγεύς</b> m. [[pedestal]] (Hero). Further also <b class="b3">πακ-τός</b> in <b class="b3">καταπακ-τός</b>, (Hdt.) and <b class="b3">πακτό-ω</b> (<b class="b3">ἐπι-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐμ-</b> πήγνυμι) [[to fix]] (IA.; <b class="b3">πακτός</b> for trad. <b class="b3">πηκτός</b> in Hom.?; Wackernagel Unt. 11 f.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [787] <b class="b2">*peh₂g-</b> <b class="b2">make fest, fix together</b><br />Etymology: Beside the <b class="b3">νυ-</b>present <b class="b3">πήγ-νυ-μι</b> (with second. full grade) stands in Latin and Germ. a zero grade formation with nasalinfix: Lat. <b class="b2">pa-n-g-ō</b> [[consolidate]], [[fix together]] (on the semant. agreement between Greek and Lat. Schulze KZ 57, 297 = Kl. Schr. 217), Germ., e.g. Goth. [[fahan]], OHG [[fāhan]] from PGerm. <b class="b2">*fa-n-χ-an</b> (IE <b class="b2">*paḱ-</b> beside <b class="b2">*paǵ-</b>) [[fasten]], [[catch]]. An analogous pair is <b class="b3">ζεύγ-νυ-μι</b>: <b class="b2">iu-n-g-ō</b>. Also the reduplicated perfekt <b class="b3">πέ-πηγ-α</b> has a formal agreement in Lat. <b class="b2">pe-pig-ī</b> with zero grade as in opt. <b class="b3">πεπαγοίην</b> (Eup.). Phonet. identical are further <b class="b3">πηγός</b> and [[pāgus]] m. [[district]], [[village]]; also, with secondary full grade, <b class="b3">πηκτός</b> and <b class="b2">com-pāctus</b>, <b class="b3">πῆξις</b> and <b class="b2">com-pācti-ō</b>. The original zero grade is in <b class="b3">πακτός</b> and [[pactus]] ([[sum]], beside [[paciscor]]) retained. Zero grade also, without direct connection with the Greek formations <b class="b3">πάγος</b> etc., in Germ., e.g. OS [[fac]] n. [[encompassing frontier]], NHG [[Fach]]. -- An aspirated byform Meillet finds BSL 36, 110 in Arm. <b class="b2">p'akem</b> [[close]], [[shut off]]. -- Further forms w. lit. in WP. 2, 2 f., Pok. 787f., W.-Hofmann s. [[pangō]] and [[pacīscō]]. (Not here [[πήγανον]].)