φθονέω: Difference between revisions

|Definition=aor. <b class="b3">ἐφθόνησα</b>, later <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> ἐφθόνεσα <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">To.</span>4.7</span>, <span class="title">JHS</span>46.45 (Athens, iii/iv A.D.), <span class="title">AP</span>5.303, 7.607 (Pall.), <span class="bibl">Nonn.<span class="title">D.</span>3.159</span>:—Med., fut. in pass. sense φθονήσομαι <span class="bibl">D.47.70</span>:—Pass., fut φθονηθήσομαι <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Hier.</span>11.15</span>: aor. ἐφθονήθην <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>30</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>4.2.33</span>, etc.: pf. part. ἐφθονημένος <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">AJ</span>6.11.10</span>, <span class="bibl">Vett.Val.330.2</span>: (φθόνος):—<b class="b2">bear ill-will</b> or [[malice]], [[grudge]], [[be envious]] or [[jealous]], </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> abs., εἴ περ γὰρ φθονέω τε καὶ οὐκ εἰῶ διαπέρσαι, οὐκ ἀνύω φθονέουσα <span class="bibl">Il.4.55</span>,<span class="bibl">56</span>; <b class="b3">κρείττων δόξα τῶν φθονούντων</b> too high for [[envy]], <span class="bibl">D.3.24</span>; <b class="b3">εἰ πέφυκε φθονεῖν τὸ θεῖον</b> (cf. φθονερός <span class="bibl">1.2</span>) <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Metaph.</span>982b32</span>: c. acc. etinf., <b class="b3">οὔτε τινὰ φθονέω δόμεναι</b> I do not [[grudge]] that any should give thee, <span class="bibl">Od. 18.16</span>; οὐ φθονῶ σ' ὑπεκφυγεῖν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>553</span>; τὸ μὲν σὸν οὐ φθονῶ καλῶς ἔχειν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>312</span>; ἐφθόνησαν [οἱ θεοὶ] ἄνδρα ἕνα βασιλεῦσαι <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.109</span>; <b class="b3">ἔφη</b> (sc. <b class="b3">ὁ Σωκράτης</b>) φθονεῖν τοῦς ἐπὶ ταῖς φίλων εὐπραξίαις ἀνιωμένους <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.9.8</span>; ὁ φθονῶν ἐπὶ κακοῖς τοῖς τῶν πέλας ἡδόμενος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phlb.</span>48b</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> c. dat. pers., πτωχὸς πτωχῷ φθονέει καὶ ἀοιδὸς ἀοιδῷ <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>26</span>; οὐ φ. ἀγαθοῖς <span class="bibl">Pi. <span class="title">P.</span>3.71</span>; φ. φασὶ μητρυιὰς τέκνοις <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>1025</span>; τισὶ φ. καὶ δυσμενῶς ἔχειν <span class="bibl">Isoc.12.241</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.13</span>; freq. with part. added, <b class="b3">φ. τινὶ εὖ πρήσσοντι</b> [[to envy]] him for his good fortune, <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.236</span>,<span class="bibl">237</span>; παιδικοῖς φ. οὐσίαν κεκτημένοις <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>240a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Lys.27.11</span>; without a Noun expressed, <b class="b3">καλῶς πράττουσι, πλουτοῦντι φ</b>., <span class="bibl">Isoc.1.26</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys.21.15</span>, etc.: c. dat. rei, φ. τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς τινος <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>2.4.10</span> (v.l. [[ἐπὶ τοῖς ἀγ]]., cf. <span class="bibl">Isoc. 1.26</span>; ἐφ' οἷς ἕτεροι ποιήσαντες ἐτιμήθησαν φ. <span class="bibl">D.20.151</span>): c. gen. rei, τοῦ εὐτυχέειν φθονέουσι καὶ τὸ κρέσσον στυγέουσι <span class="bibl">Hdt.7.236</span>; <b class="b3">οὐδέ τί σε χρὴ ἀλλοτρίων φθονέειν</b> <b class="b2">to be envious</b> because of other men's goods <span class="bibl">Od.18.18</span>: c. dat. pers. et gen. rei, <b class="b2">bear a grudge</b> against a person on account of a thing, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>1309</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[resent]], c. gen., τῆς δοκήσεως τῶν κερδῶν <span class="bibl">Th.3.43</span>: c. dat. rei, <b class="b2">feel righteous indignation at</b>, ταῖς εὐπραγίαις τινῶν <span class="bibl">Isoc.8.124</span>; also c. dat. pers., <span class="bibl">Id.4.184</span>, <span class="bibl">D.28.18</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> <b class="b3">φ. τινὶ</b> folld. by ει... or <b class="b3">ἐάν</b> . . <b class="b2">take it ill</b> or [[amiss]] that... <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.146</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">HG</span>2.4.29</span>; <b class="b3">μή μοι φθονήσητ', ει</b> . . <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>496</span>: abs., <b class="b3">φ. ἐάν τις</b> . . <span class="bibl">Lys.3.9</span>; <b class="b3">φθονεῖς ἄπαις οὖσ', εἰ</b> . . <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>1302</span>; also <b class="b3">φ. τινὶ ὅτι</b>... <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.1.39</span>; <b class="b3">φ. ὅτι</b> . . <span class="bibl">Lys. 24.3</span>, dub.l. in <span class="bibl">18.16</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[refuse from feelings of envy]] or <b class="b2">ill-will, grudge</b>, c. inf., οὐκ ἂν φθονέοιμι ἀγορεῦσαι <span class="bibl">Od.11.381</span>; μὴ φθόνει κιρνάμεν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>5(4).24</span>; φράσαι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>63</span>; σαυτὸν ἐπιδοῦναι <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Th.</span>249</span>; <b class="b3">μὴ φθονήσῃς</b> is freq. in dialogue, <b class="b2">do not refuse</b> to do a thing, μὴ φ. διδάξαι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>338a</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Hp.Mi.</span>372e</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Smp.</span> 223a</span>; also μὴ φθόνει μοι ἀποκρίνασθαι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Grg.</span>489a</span>; <b class="b3">μὴ φθονήσῃς</b> alone, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Prt.</span>320c</span>; δῆλον ὅτι οὐ φθονήσει Ἱππίας ἀποκρίνεσθαι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Hp.Mi.</span>363c</span>; οὐδενὶ πώποτε ἐφθόνησα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ap.</span>33a</span>: c. part., μηδέ μοι φθόνει λέγων <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>480</span> (nisi leg. <b class="b3">λόγων</b>): c. acc. et inf., τί φθονέεις . . ἀοιδὸν τέρπειν; <span class="bibl">Od.1.346</span>: c. dat. et inf., τῇ δ' οὐκ ἂν φθονέοιμι . . ἅψασθαι <span class="bibl">19.348</span>; οὔτοι φθονῶ σοι δαιμόνων τιμᾶν γένος <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span> 236</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">grudge, refuse to grant</b> a thing, φθονήσας μήτ' ἀπ' οἰωνῶν φάτιν, μήτ' εἴ τινα . . μαντικῆς ἔχεις ὁδόν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>310</span>: c. dat. pers. et gen. rei, οὔ τοι ἡμιόνων φθονέω <span class="bibl">Od.6.68</span>; μηδέ μοι φθονήσῃς εὐγμάτων <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>583</span> (lyr.), cf. <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>238</span>; μή μοι φθονήσῃς τοῦ μαθήματος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Euthd.</span>297b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>8.4.16</span>; φ. τοῖς ἑαλωκόσι τῆς σωτηρίας <span class="bibl">Plb.6.58.5</span>: c. gen. rei only, <b class="b2">to be grudging of</b> a thing, <b class="b3">πέπλων, καρποῦ</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>333</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Mx.</span>238a</span>; <b class="b3">μηδ' ὀλίγης φθονέσῃς γαίης</b> <span class="title">JHS</span> l. c. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> Pass., <b class="b2">to be envied</b> or [[begrudged]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.52</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>188</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>30</span>; διὰ σοφίαν φ. ὑπό τινος <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>4.2.33</span>; ἐπ' ἐσθλοῖς <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span> 814</span> (lyr.); φθονηθέντα ὑπὸ Μοίρης <span class="title">JRS</span>18.30 (Phrygia): c. gen., <b class="b2">to be grudged</b> a thing, φ. τοῦ γάμου ὑπὸ δαιμονίου τινός Plu.2.772b.</span>