ἕκαστος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=η, ον, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[each]], opp. the whole body, <span class="bibl">Il.2.805</span>, etc. : sg. with pl. Verb, <b class="b3">ἔβαν οἶκόνδε ἕκαστος</b> they went home [[each]] to his own house, <span class="bibl">1.606</span> ; δεδμήμεσθα ἕκαστος <span class="bibl">5.878</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.158</span> ; so in Att., <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span> 785</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>327e</span>, etc. ; ὅτι ἕκαστος ἐπίστασθε ἀγαθόν <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Smp.</span>3.3</span> : sg. in apposition with pl. Noun or Pron., which expresses the whole, Τρῶας δὲ τρόμος αἰνὸς ὑπήλυθε γυῖα ἕκαστον <span class="bibl">Il.7.215</span> ; ὔμμι..ἑκάστῳ <span class="bibl">15.109</span> ; αἱ δὲ γυναῖκες..θαύμαζον..ἑκάστη <span class="bibl">18.496</span>, etc. ; Περσίδες δ'.. ἑκάστα..λείπεται <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>135</span> (lyr.) ; <b class="b3">αἱ ἄλλαι πᾶσαι</b> [<b class="b3">τέχναι</b>] τὸ αὑτῆς ἑκάστη ἔργον ἐργάζεται <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>346d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Grg.</span>503e</span> ; <b class="b3">ὅστις ἕκαστος</b> <b class="b2">every one</b> which.. (nisi leg. <b class="b3">ὥς τις</b>), <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>459</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> the Art. is sts. added to the Subst. (so regularly in earlier Att. Inscrr., <span class="title">IG</span>12.22.14, al., exc. <b class="b3">ἑκάστου μηνός</b> ib.6.125) with which <b class="b3">ἕκαστος</b> agrees, in which case <b class="b3">ἕκαστος</b> is commonly put first, <b class="b3">καθ' ἑ. τὴν ἡμέραν</b> <b class="b2">every single</b> day, <span class="bibl">Isoc.12.211</span>, etc. ; περὶ ἑ. τῆς τέχνης <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>274e</span> : also following the Subst., κατὰ τὸν οξπλίτην ἕκαστον <span class="bibl">Th.5.49</span> ; κατὰ τὴν ἡμέραν ἑκάστην <span class="bibl">Id.6.63</span>, al. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> in pl., <b class="b2">all and each severally</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.1.550</span>, al., <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Supp.</span>932</span>, etc. ; <b class="b3">οἷστισιν ἑκάστοις</b> to whichsoever [[severally]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span> 799a</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[each]] of two or more groups or parties, <span class="bibl">Od.9.164</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt. 1.169</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>491</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.6.77</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> strengthd. by the addition of other Prons., <b class="b3">εἷς ἕ</b>. (v. <b class="b3">εἷς</b>) ; εἷς τις ἕ. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>262</span> ; <b class="b3">ἕκαστός τις</b> [[each]] one, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>4.92</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.3.45</span>, etc. ; ταῦτα ἕκαστα <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.13</span>, etc. ; αὔθ' ἕκαστα <b class="b2">all in exact detail</b>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>950</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> with Preps., esp. κατά, καθ' ἕκαστον [[singly]], [[by itself]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Tht.</span>188a</span>, al. ; καθ' ἕ. καὶ σύμπαντα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Sph.</span>259b</span> ; <b class="b3">τὸ καθ' ἕ., τὰ καθ' ἕκαστα</b>, [[particulars]], <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Ph.</span>189a6</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">EN</span> 1143b4</span>, al. ; <b class="b3">παρ' ἕκαστον, παρ' ἕκαστα</b>, in <b class="b2">every case</b>, <span class="bibl">Plb.4.82.5</span>,<span class="bibl">3.57.4</span>, etc. ; παρ' ἕκαστον καὶ ἔργον καὶ λόγον διδάσκοντες <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Prt.</span>325d</span> ; <b class="b3">παρ' ἕκαστον λέγων</b> [[constantly]] interjecting, <span class="bibl">Men.<span class="title">Epit.</span>48</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> ὡς ἕκαστοι <b class="b2">each by himself</b>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.79</span>, <span class="bibl">Th.1.15</span>, etc. : in sg., τῶν δὲ ὡς ἑκάστῳ θύειν θέλει <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.132</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>9.98</span> ; οὐχ ὡς ἕ. ἀλλὰπάντες <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span> 1292a12</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1283b34</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> later, = [[ἑκάτερος]], <span class="bibl">D.H.3.2</span> codd. (ϝέκαστος <span class="title">Leg.Gort.</span>1.9, al., <span class="title">Schwyzer</span> 409.4 (Elis), <span class="title">IG</span>9(1).334.9 (Locris). Apptly. connected with <b class="b3">ἑκάς</b> by <span class="bibl">Dam.<span class="title">Pr.</span>423</span>.)</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: pron.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">every one</b> (Il.).<br />Other forms: <b class="b3">Ϝέκαστος</b> (Gort., El., NWGr., Arc.)<br />Derivatives: Several adv. deriv.: <b class="b3">ἑκάστοτε</b> <b class="b2">every time</b> (Ion.- Att.), <b class="b3">ἑκάστοθι</b> <b class="b2">in every place</b> (γ 8), <b class="b3">ἑκασταχοῦ</b> [[everywhere]] and several formations with <b class="b3">χ-</b>suffix, further <b class="b3">ἑκαστάκις</b> <b class="b2">on every occasion</b> (Corc.) a. o.<br />Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]<br />Etymology: Prob. with Wackernagel KZ 29, 144ff. (= Kl. Schr. 1, 647ff.; s. also Schwyzer 630 n. 4) from <b class="b3">*ἑκάς τις</b> <b class="b2">every one for himself</b> (cf. <b class="b3">εἶς τις</b> [[unusquisque]]); from <b class="b3">*ἑκάς τεο</b> > <b class="b3">ἑκάστου</b>, <b class="b3">*ἑκάς τῳ</b> > <b class="b3">ἑκάστῳ</b> arose <b class="b3">ἕκαστος</b> etc. together with the superlative in <b class="b3">-ιστος</b> - To <b class="b3">ἕκαστος</b>, which was analysed as <b class="b3">ἕκα-στος</b>, arose <b class="b3">ἑκάτερος</b> (Ion.-Att.), <b class="b3">Ϝεκάτερος</b> (Gort., Delph.) <b class="b2">everyone of both</b> (after <b class="b3">ἅτερος</b>, <b class="b3">πότερος</b> a. o.) with several adverbial deriv., e. g. <b class="b3">ἑκατέρωθεν</b>, <b class="b3">-ωθι</b>, <b class="b3">-ωσε</b> (Ion.-Att. etc.); note <b class="b3">ἑκάτερθε(ν</b>) <b class="b2">on both sides</b> (Il.), after <b class="b3">ὕπερθεν</b>, <b class="b3">ἔνερθεν</b> a. o. for metrically uneasy <b class="b3">ἑκατέρωθεν</b>. S. Schwyzer 627f., Lejeune Les adv. grecs en <b class="b3">-θεν</b> 223f., Mastrelli Stud. itfilclass. 27, 8. Now Lazzeroni Ann. di Pisa 2 : 25, 136ff.