ῥίζα: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ης, ἡ: Ion. nom. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> ῥίζη Hp. ap. Erot., acc. ῥίζην <span class="bibl">Marc.Sid.89</span> (before a vowel), but ῥίζαν <span class="bibl">Il.11.846</span> (whence Ion. nom. <b class="b3">ῥίζα</b> may be inferred):—[[root]], <span class="bibl">Od.10.304</span>, <span class="bibl">23.196</span>, etc.; used as a medicine, <span class="bibl">Il.11.846</span>; <b class="b3">ῥ. ἐλατήριος</b>, of a purgative medicine, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Epid.</span>5.34</span>: mostly in pl., [[roots]], <span class="bibl">Il.12.134</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.12.435</span>, etc.; δένδρεα μακρὰ αὐτῇσιν ῥίζησι <span class="bibl">Il.9.542</span>: hence </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> metaph., <b class="b2">roots of the eye</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.9.390</span> (but <b class="b3">ῥίζας ἐν ὄσσοις αἱματῶπας</b> in <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">HF</span>933</span> prob. bloodshot [[streaks]]); the [[roots]] or [[foundations]] of the earth, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>19</span>; χθόνα . . αὐταῖς ῥ. πνεῦμα κραδαίνοι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>1047</span> (anap.); <b class="b3">ἰπούμενος ῥίζαισιν Αἰτναίαις ὕπο</b> ib.<span class="bibl">367</span>; of feathers, hair, etc., <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>251b</span>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>518b14</span>; of the teeth, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">GA</span>789a13</span>; γαστρὸς ῥ. ὀμφαλός <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HA</span>493a18</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">τὸν πόλεμον ἐκ ῥιζῶν ἀνῄρηκε</b> 'root and branch', <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Pomp.</span>21</span>, cf. Heraclid. Pont. ap. <span class="bibl">Ath.12.523f</span>; ἐκ ῥιζῶν ἀπώλεσεν <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Jb.</span>31.12</span>; cf. <b class="b3">ῥιζόθεν, πρόρριζος</b>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[that from which anything springs as from a root]], <b class="b3">ῥίζαν ἀπείρου τρίταν</b> a third continental [[foundation]], of Libya, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>9.8</span>; <b class="b3">ἀστέων ῥ</b>., of Cyrene, as the [[root]] or [[original]] of the Cyrenaic Pentapolis, ib.<span class="bibl">4.15</span>; [[root]] or [[stock]] from which a family springs, ῥ. σπέρματος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">O.</span>2.46</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">I.</span>8(7).61</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>966</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1178</span>, etc.; so, [[race]], [[family]], <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>755</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>610</span>, <span class="title">OGI</span>383.31 (Nemrud Dagh, i B.C.), etc.; συκοφάντου . . σπέρμα καὶ ῥ. <span class="bibl">D.25.48</span>; [[sect]], [[party]], <span class="bibl">Jul. <span class="title">Gal.</span>106e</span>; also ῥ. κακῶν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Fr.</span>912.11</span> (anap.); ἀρχὴ καὶ ῥ. παντὸς ἀγαθοῦ <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Fr.</span>409</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">1 Ep.Ti.</span>6.10</span>; πηγὴ καὶ ῥ. καλοκἀγαθίας Plu. 2.4c; ἀρχαὶ καὶ ῥ. γῆς καὶ θαλάττης <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Mete.</span>353b1</span>, etc.; cf. ῥίζωμα <span class="bibl">11</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[base]], [[foundation]], <b class="b3">ῥ. πάντων καὶ βάσις ἁ γᾶ ἐρήρεισται</b> Ti. Locr.<span class="bibl">97e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>81c</span>; [[base]] of a vertical pillar, <span class="bibl">Procl.<span class="title">Hyp.</span>3.23</span>; τῶν λόφων <span class="bibl">Onos.10.6</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> Math., [[root]] or [[base]] of a series, Anatolius ap.<span class="title">Theol.Ar.</span>9. (Aeol. βρίζα (q.v.): cf. Goth. [[waúrts]], Lat. [[radix]].) </span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: f.<br />Meaning: [[root]], also metaph. [[origin]], [[stem]], [[base]] (Il.).<br />Other forms: Aeol. <b class="b3">βρίζα</b>, <b class="b3">βρίσδα</b>).<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. <b class="b2">wiriza \/wriza\/</b>.<br />Compounds: Several compp., a.g. <b class="b3">ῥιζο-τόμος</b> m. <b class="b2">root-cutter, -gatherer, herbalist</b>, <b class="b3">πολύ-ρριζος</b> <b class="b2">having many roots, rich in roots</b> (Hp., Thphr.).<br />Derivatives: 1. <b class="b3">ῥιζίον</b> n. <b class="b2">little root</b> (Ar., Thphr.), pl. <b class="b3">-έα</b> (Nic., <b class="b3">-εῖα</b> Al. 265), prob. after <b class="b3">ὀστέα</b> beside (Dor.) <b class="b3">ὀστία</b>. 2. <b class="b3">ῥιζίας</b> m. (<b class="b3">ὀπός</b>) <b class="b2">root juice</b> (: <b class="b3">καυλίας</b>; Thphr.). 3. adj. <b class="b3">ῥίζ-ώδης</b> [[rootlike]] (Thphr., Hero), <b class="b3">-ικός</b> <b class="b2">belonging to roots</b> (Plu.), <b class="b3">-ινος</b> <b class="b2">made of roots</b> (PHolm.), <b class="b3">-αῖος</b> <b class="b2">serving as a base</b> (Sardes). 4. adv. <b class="b3">ῥίζ-ηθεν</b> (A. R.), <b class="b3">-όθεν</b> (Nic., Luc.) <b class="b2">out of the root</b>; <b class="b3">-ηδόν</b> <b class="b2">in a rootlike way</b> (Hld.). 5. verb <b class="b3">ῥιζόομαι</b> (<b class="b3">ἐρρίζωται</b>), <b class="b3">-όω</b> (<b class="b3">-ῶσαι</b>), also w. <b class="b3">ἐν-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐκ-</b>, <b class="b3">κατα-</b> a.o. <b class="b2">to strike root, to root, to provide with roots, to affirm, to consolidate</b> (Od.; cf. Schwyzer 731, Ure Class Quart. N. S. 5, 226f.) with <b class="b3">ῥίζ-ωμα</b> n. [[original ground]], [[origin]], [[rootworks]] (A., Emp., Thphr.; Porzig Satzinhalte 188f.), <b class="b3">-ωσις</b> f. <b class="b2">striking root</b> (Philol., Thphr. a.o.). -- On <b class="b3">ῥίζα</b> and compounds and derivv. extens. Strömberg Theophrastea 5 8 ff.<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: From Aeol. <b class="b3">βρίζα</b> appears PGr. <b class="b3">*Ϝρίδ-ι̯α</b>, which differs in vocalism from Lat. [[rādīx]] = <b class="b2">rād-ī-c-s</b> (with enlarging <b class="b2">-c-</b> as e.g. in <b class="b2">genetrī-x</b>); in both cases we have a ι̯<b class="b3">α-</b>, resp. <b class="b2">ī-</b>deriv. of a noun, which is also found in Germ. and Celt.: ONorse [[rōt]] f. [[root]] from PGm. <b class="b2">*u̯rōt-</b>, IE <b class="b2">*u̯rād-</b>, which may be seen also in Lat. <b class="b2">rād-īx</b> (cf. below); beside it, with <b class="b2">i-</b>stem and zero grade Goth. [[waurts]], OE [[wyrt]], OHG MHG [[wurz]] [[herb]], [[root]], PGm. <b class="b2">*u̯urt-i-</b>, IE <b class="b2">*u̯r̥d(-i</b>)-; Celt., e.g. Welsh [[gwraidd]] coll. [[roots]] with <b class="b2">ī-</b>suffix but the root vocalism has not been explained. The Germ. and Celt. forms and <b class="b3">ῥίζα</b> cannot represent a weak- or reduced grade; in spite of Schwyzer 352 who wants to assume a vowel [[i]] representing a reduced grade. (Lat. [[rādīx]], but not ONorse [[rōt]], can represent IE <b class="b2">*u̯rHd-</b>, but in other forms there is no laryngeal.) So the foms cannot be explained as yet, and we must reckon with loans. (Vine UCLA Indo-European Studies I 1999, 5-30 does not solve the problem.) -- Toch. B [[witsako]] [[root]] remains to be explained (hypothesis by v. Windekens Lex. étym. s.v.). Further forms w. lit. in WP. 1, 288 Pok. 1167, W.-Hofmann s. [[rādīx]]. Cf. [[ῥάδαμνος]], [[ῥάδιξ]]. Cf. also NGr. (Rhodos) <b class="b3">ῥόζος</b> [[root]], a cross of <b class="b3">ῥίζα</b> and <b class="b3">ὄζος</b> [[branch]] (Hatzidakis <b class="b3">Ἀθ</b>. 29, 180ff.).