σφυρόν: Difference between revisions

|Definition=τό, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[ankle]], κνῆμαί τε ἰδὲ σφυρά <span class="bibl">Il.4.147</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">518</span>, Hp.<span class="title">Loc. Hom.</span>6; ποδῶν τέτρηνε τένοντε ἐς σφυρὸν ἐκ πτέρνης <span class="bibl">Il.22.397</span>; <b class="b3">ὀρθῷ ἔστασας ἐπὶ σφυρῷ</b> (metaph.) <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>7(6).13</span>; βαίνουσα . . σ. κούφῳ <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Alc.</span>586</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">μονόχαλα σ</b>., of a horse, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">IA</span>225</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">τὸ σ. ἐξεκόκκισε</b> [[put out]] his ankle, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>1179</span>; <b class="b3">τὸ ἔσχατον ἀντικνημίου σ</b>. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span>494a10</span>; <b class="b3">σ. Ἰφίκλειον</b> the [[ankle]] of Iphiclus (the runner), <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Aet.</span>3.1.46</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> metaph., <b class="b2">the lower part</b> or [[edge]], [[foothills]], of a mountain, ἐν Παλίου σφυροῖς <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>2.46</span>, cf. <span class="title">AP</span>6.114 (Simm.), 7.501 (Pers.), <span class="bibl">Nonn.<span class="title">D.</span>1.165</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">Λιβύας ἄκρον σφυρόν</b> the very [[furthest part]] of Libya, <span class="bibl">Theoc.16.77</span>; σ. νήσων <span class="bibl">Musae.45</span>; ὕλης <span class="bibl">Nonn.<span class="title">D.</span>2.1</span>.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">ankle, foot-joint</b> (Il.), metaph. [[the lower part of a mountain]] (Pi., Theoc. a.o.).<br />Compounds: Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">τανύ-σφυρος</b> <b class="b2">with slender ankles</b> (h. Cer., Hes.); <b class="b3">ἐπι-σφύρ-ια</b> n. pl. <b class="b2">ankle-buckles</b> (Il.).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">σφυρόομαι</b> <b class="b2">to tie ones ankle-buckles, to put on one's laced boots</b> (Carm. Pop. 7) with <b class="b3">-ωτήρ</b>, <b class="b3">-ῆρος</b> m. <b class="b2">shoe-strap</b> (LXX; cf. lit. on <b class="b3">σφαιρωτήρ</b>).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: Zero grade verbal noun to <b class="b3">σπαίρω</b> [impossible because of <b class="b3">σφ-</b>], Skt. <b class="b2">sphuráti</b> etc., prob. inherited and identical with OHG <b class="b2">spuri-halz</b> [[limping]] (prop. *"knuckle-lame"?) except for the final vowel. To this from Germ. also OHG [[spor]] n. <b class="b2">foot-mark</b>, [[sporo]] [[spur]] etc.; s. <b class="b3">σπαίρω</b> w. lit. The by-form <b class="b3">σφυδρά</b> pl. (Act. Ap. 3, 7, pap. IIIp, H., gloss.) is folketymol. (after <b class="b3">σφόδρα</b>, <b class="b3">-ός</b> or <b class="b3">σφυδῶν</b>?; no decision gives Schwyzer 239 Zus. 2). -- The IE etym. cannot explain inital <b class="b3">σφ-</b> and must be given up.