ἅρμα: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ατος, τό, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[chariot]], esp. [[war chariot]], [[chariot of war]], <span class="bibl">Il.5.231</span>, etc.; freq. in pl. for sg., ἑσταότ' ἐν θ' ἵπποισι καὶ ἅρμασι <span class="bibl">4.366</span>, etc.; τὰ Λυδῶν ἄρματα <span class="bibl">Sapph.<span class="title">Supp.</span>5.19</span>; ἵππους ὑφ' ἅρμασι ζευγνύναι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pers.</span>190</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>111</span>; ἵππους ὑφ' ἅρματα ἄγειν <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>465</span>; πῶλον . . ζυγέντ' ἐν ἅρμασιν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ch.</span>795</span> (lyr.); opp. [[ἁρμάμαξα]] (q. v.); also, <b class="b2">racing-chariot</b> drawn by horses, opp. <b class="b3">ὄχημα</b> (a mule-car), <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span>106.5</span>; ἅ. τέλειον <span class="title">IG</span>2.967.45; ἁρμάτων ὀχήματα <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>662</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ph.</span>1190</span>; <b class="b2">travelling-chariot</b>, Act.Ap.8.28. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">chariot and horses, yoked chariot</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.2.384</span>, etc.; ἅ. τέθριππον <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>1.14</span>; <b class="b3">ἅ. τετράορον, τέτρωρον</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">P.</span>10.65</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>483</span>: metaph., <b class="b3">τρίπωλον ἅ. δαιμόνων</b> of three goddesses, <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Andr.</span>277</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">team, chariot-horses</b>, ἅρμασιν ἐνδίδωσι κέντρον <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HF</span>881</span> (lyr.); ἅρματα . . φυσῶντα καὶ πνέοντα <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pax</span>902</span>; <b class="b3">ἅρματα τρέφειν</b> keep <b class="b2">chariot-horses for racing</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Hier.</span>11.5</span>; <b class="b3">ἅρματος τροφεύς</b> <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>834b</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> metaph., ἅ. θαλάσσης <b class="b2">a ship</b>, <span class="bibl">Nonn.<span class="title">D.</span>4.230</span>, al., <span class="bibl">Opp.<span class="title">H.</span>1.190</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[a mountain district in Attica]], where omens from lightning were watched for: hence prov., <b class="b3">ὁπόταν δἰ Ἅρματος ἀστράψη</b>, i.e. [[seldom]] or [[never]], <span class="bibl">Str.9.2.11</span>; <b class="b3">δι' Ἅρματος</b> alone, Plu.2.679c. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> Pythag. name for [[unity]], Theol.Ar.6.</span>

|etymtx=1.<br />Grammatical information: n. (pl.)<br />Meaning: [[wagon]], [[car]], esp. <b class="b2">war chariot</b> (Il.; on the use in Hom. Delebecque Cheval 170f.).<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[amo]] \/[[armo]]\/, dat. [[amotei]], pl. [[amota]], but it means [[wheel]]; [[amotejonade]] \/<b class="b2">armoteiona-de</b>\/ [[to the wheel workingplace]]. On traces of the meaning [[wheel]] in Homer s. Panagl, Papers...Szemerényi (1992) 137-44. On the development (Myc. <b class="b2">armho-</b>, not yet <b class="b2">*harmo-</b>) Ruijgh, Études 48 n. 17.<br />Compounds: <b class="b3">ἁρματο-πηγός</b> (Il.) <b class="b2">wheel-maker</b> etc. <b class="b3">ἁρμάμαξα</b> contains <b class="b3">ἄμαξα</b> (Ar.), unless it is an adapted Persian word. On [[βητάρμων]] s.v.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [55] <b class="b2">*h₂er-</b> [[fir]]<br />Etymology: From <b class="b3">ἀρ-</b> [[fit]] in <b class="b3">ἀραρίσκω</b>; spiritus asper from original suffix <b class="b2">-sm-</b> (Schwyzer 523, Chantr. Form. 175), also in: <b class="b3">ἁρμός</b> (s. [[ἁρμόζω]]), [[ἁρμονία]], <b class="b3">ἁρμαλια</b> (s.s.vv.). - Outside Greek there are several forms with <b class="b2">m-</b>suffix, e. g.Lat. [[arma]] pl. [[weapons]], [[armentum]] [[herd]] (independent formation), Arm. <b class="b2">y-armar</b> [[fitting]]. (Not here Lat. [[armus]] m. [[arm]], Goth. [[arms]] id., Skt.<b class="b2">īrmá-</b> id. etc. (< <b class="b2">*h₂(e)rH-mo-</b>).