ἐλαφρός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ά, όν, and in <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>5.20</span> ός, όν: (v. <b class="b3">ἐλαχύς</b>);—<span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">light in weight</b>, <b class="b3">τόν οἱ ἐ. ἔθηκε</b> (sc. <b class="b3">λᾶαν</b>) <span class="bibl">Il.12.450</span>; ξύλου ἐλαφρότερα <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.23</span>; πῦρ <span class="bibl">Parm.8.57</span>; opp. <b class="b3">βαρύς</b>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>63c</span>, etc.; in Epitaphs, <b class="b3">γαῖαν ἔχοις ἐλαφράν</b> '<b class="b2">sit tibi terra levis'</b>, Epigr.Gr.195 (Vaxos), cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Sammelb.</span> 315</span>. Adv., τά (sc. <b class="b3">δένδρεα</b>) οἱ πλώοιεν ἐλαφρῶς <span class="bibl">Od.5.240</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">light to bear, easy</b>, καί κεν ἐλαφρότερος πόλεμος Τρώεσσι γένοιτο <span class="bibl">Il.22.287</span>; συμφ ορὰν ἐλαφροτέραν καταστῆσαι <span class="bibl">Antipho 3.3.12</span>; πόνος -ότερος ἑαυτοῦ συνηθείῃ γίνεται <span class="bibl">Democr.241</span>: later, Comp. ἐλαφρώτερον ἄλγος <span class="bibl">Max.173</span>; <b class="b3">ἐλαφρόν [ἐστι</b>] 'tis [[light]], [[easy]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>7.77</span>, <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>265</span>, etc.; <b class="b2">easy to understand</b>, [προβλήματα] ἐ. καὶ πιθανά Plu.2.133e, cf. <span class="bibl">D.Chr. 18.11</span>; <b class="b3">ἐν ἐλαφρῷ ποιήσασθαί τι</b> to make [[light]] of a thing, <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.154</span>; οὐκ ἐν ἐ. ποιεῖσθαι <span class="bibl">Id.1.118</span>; <b class="b3">οὐκ ἐν ἐ</b>. no <b class="b2">light matter</b>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.22.212</span>. Adv. <b class="b3">-ρῶς, φέρειν ζυγόν</b> to bear it [[lightly]], <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>2.93</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">light of digestion</b>, Plu.2.137a. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[shallow]], διάπλους <span class="title">Peripl.M.Rubr.</span>55; <b class="b3">δῖναι</b> ib.40. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> Act., <b class="b2">ease-giving</b>, B.<span class="title">Fr.</span>8, <span class="bibl">Theoc.2.92</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> <b class="b2">light in moving, nimble</b>, <b class="b3">γυῖα δ' ἔθηκεν ἐ</b>. <span class="bibl">Il.5.122</span>; ἦ μάλ' ἐ. ἀνήρ <span class="bibl">16.745</span>; ἐλαφρότατος ποσσί <span class="bibl">23.749</span>; <b class="b3">χεῖρες . . ἐπαΐσσονται ἐ</b>. ib.<span class="bibl">628</span>; κίρκος . . ἐλαφρότατος πετεηνῶν <span class="bibl">22.139</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.13.87</span>; [ἵπποι] ἐλαφρότατοι θείειν <span class="bibl">3.370</span>; ἐλαφραῖς πτερύγων ῥιπαῖς <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>125</span> (anap.); <b class="b3">ἐ. ποδί</b> ib.<span class="bibl">281</span> (anap.); γονάτων ἐλαφρὸν ὁρμάν <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">N.</span>5.20</span>; ἐ. ποδῶν ἴχνι' ἀειράμεναι Call.<b class="b2">Fr.anon</b>.<span class="bibl">391</span>; <b class="b3">ἐλαφρὰ ἡλικία</b> the age of [[active]] youth, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Mem.</span>3.5.27</span>; <b class="b3">ἐλαφροί, οἱ</b>, <b class="b2">light troops</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>4.2.27</span> (restricted to cavalry who fight at close quarters, Ascl.<span class="title">Tact.</span>1.3): metaph., <b class="b3">πόλιας θῆκεν ἐλαφροτέρας</b> made them <b class="b2">easier in condition</b>, Epigr.Gr.905 (Gortyn). Adv. <b class="b3">-ρῶς</b> [[nimbly]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>217</span>; ὀρχεῖσθαι πυρρίχην <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>6.1.12</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> metaph., <b class="b2">light-minded, unsteady, fickle</b>, <b class="b3">πᾶν πλῆθός ἐστιν ἐ</b>. <span class="bibl">Plb.6.56.11</span>; <b class="b3">ἐ. λύσσα</b> <b class="b2">light-headed</b> madness, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ba.</span>851</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> [[gentle]], [[mild]], σφᾶς αὐτοὺς -οτάτους τοῖς συνοῦσι παρέχοντας <span class="bibl">Isoc.12.31</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ep.</span>360c</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[small]], ποταμός <span class="bibl">Plb.16.17.7</span>; <b class="b2">of small power</b> or [[strength]], πόλεις <span class="bibl">Id.5.62.6</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[relieved]] of a burden, ψυχὴ ἐ. καὶ δι' αὑτῆς <span class="bibl">Plot.4.3.32</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> <b class="b3">Ἐλαφρός· Ζεὺς ἐν Κρήτῃ</b>, Hsch.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: [[light]], [[nimble]], [[quick]], [[small]] (Il.).<br />Compounds: As 1. member in <b class="b3">ἐλαφρο-τοκία</b> [[low rate of interest]] (Pergamon IIa).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ἐλαφρότης</b> [[lightness]], [[speed]] (Pl., Plu.); <b class="b3">ἐλαφρία</b> [[lightness]] (NT); <b class="b3">Ἐλάφριος</b> (<b class="b3">μήν</b>) month name (Knidos); denomin. verba: <b class="b3">ἐλαφρίζω</b> [[enlighten]], [[lessen]], intr. <b class="b2">be quick</b> (Archil., E.); <b class="b3">ἐλαφρύνω</b> [[enlighten]] (late; after <b class="b3">βαρύνω</b>; Debrunner IF 21, 84); <b class="b3">ἐλαφροῦται</b> H. as explanation of <b class="b3">ἀλεγύνεται</b>.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [660] <b class="b2">*h₁lengʷʰro-</b> [[light in weight and of movement]]<br />Etymology: Identical with an Old-Germanic word, OHG [[lungar]], OS [[lungor]] [[quick]], OE [[lungre]] a Adv. [[quick]] (Fick 1, 537); IE <b class="b2">*h₁ln̥guhros</b>. the form is found in Skt. <b class="b2">rarahaṇa- *h₁le-h₁ln̥gʷ</b>ʰ- García-Ramón, Sprache 34. 1988-90, 30. Further s. <b class="b3">ἐλαχύς</b>. Here also acc. to Krahe Gymnasium 59, 79, Die Sprache der Illyrier 1, 94 the Illyr. river name [[Lambros]] (Upper Italy) = <b class="b3">ἐλαφρός</b>.