ὀρφανός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ή, όν, also ός, όν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>149</span> (anap.):—<span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[orphan]], [[without parents]], [[fatherless]], αἱ δ' ἐλίποντο ὀρφαναί <span class="bibl">Od.20.68</span> ; ὀ. τέκνα <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span> 330</span> ; παῖδά τ' ὀ. λιπεῖν <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>653</span> : as Subst., [[orphan]], ἐπίκληροι καὶ ὀ. <span class="bibl">Lys.26.12</span> ; ὀρφανοῖς καὶ ὀρφαναῖς <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>926c</span> ; ὀρφανῶν κάκωσις Arist. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ath.</span>56.6</span>, cf. <span class="title">IG</span>12.6.124: also in neut., εἰς ὀρφανὰ καὶ ἔρημα ὑβρίζειν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>927c</span> ; of animals, ὄρνις <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>1361</span> ; <b class="b3">ὀ. οἶκος, δόμος</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>943</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>657</span> : metaph., [[neglected]], ἡ δέλτος ὀρφανὴ κεῖται <span class="bibl">Herod.3.15</span> ; <b class="b3">ὀρφανὰ κεῖται σκῦλα</b> Epigr. ap. <span class="bibl">Paus.1.13.3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> c. gen., [[bereaved]] or <b class="b2">bereft of</b>, </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> of children, <b class="b3">ὀ. πατρός</b> [[reft]] of father, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">El.</span>914</span>, <span class="bibl">1010</span> ; τοῦ πατρὸς ὀ. <span class="bibl">D.57.70</span> ; γονέων Plu.2.293d, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> of parents, <b class="b3">πότμον ὀρφανὸν γενεᾶς</b> childless, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>9.61</span> ; <b class="b3">ὀ. παιδός, τέκνων</b>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hec.</span>149</span> (anap.), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fr.</span>332.6</span>; νεοσσῶν ὀρφανὸν λέχος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>425</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> generally, ὀ. ἑτάρων <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>7(6).10</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>730d</span>; νύμφας ἔθηκεν ὀρφανὰς ξυναόρων <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Or.</span>1136</span>; ἐπιστήμης Pl.<span class="title">Alc.</span>2.147a ; κρατός <span class="bibl">Sosith.2.20</span> ; <b class="b3">ὀρφανοὶ ὕβριος</b> <b class="b2">free from</b> insolence, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>4(3).8(26)</span> ; ψόφον . . Κασταλίας ὀρφανὸν ἀνδρῶν χορεύσιος <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Pae.</span>6.9</span>; <b class="b3">ὀ. μαχᾶν</b>, = [[ἀπόμαχος]], <span class="bibl">Tim.<span class="title">Pers.</span> 154</span> ; <b class="b3">ὀρφανὴ βίου</b>, i.e. [[poor]], <span class="bibl">Herod.3.39</span> ; ὀ. ἀγκίστρου κάλαμος <span class="title">AP</span> 12.42 (Diosc.): Com. metaph., <b class="b3">ὀ. ταρίχιον</b> salt-fish <b class="b2">without sauce</b>, <span class="bibl">Pherecr.22</span> (dub. l.). (A shorter form <b class="b3">ὀρφο-</b> appears in <b class="b3">ὀρφο-βότης</b> (q.v.), <b class="b3">ὀρφόω</b>, cf. Lat. [[orbus]], Goth. [[arbi]] 'inheritance'.)</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[orphaned]], [[orphan]], metaph. [[bereft]], [[abandoned]] (υ 68).<br />Compounds: As 1. member a.o. in <b class="b3">ὀρφανο-δικασταί</b> m.pl. "orphan-judge" (Leg. Gort.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 185).<br />Derivatives: 1. Adj. <b class="b3">ὀρφαν-ικός</b> <b class="b2">belonging to ὀρφανοι</b> (Il., Pl., Arist.; Fraenkel 1, 211 f., Chantraine Études 101 f.), <b class="b3">-ιος</b> [[abandoned]], [[lonely]] (AP). 2. Subst. <b class="b3">ὀρφαν-ία</b> f. [[orphanhood]], [[bereavement]] (Pi., ætt.), <b class="b3">-ότης</b> f. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Cappadocia). 3. Verbs. a) <b class="b3">ὀρφαν-ίζω</b> (<b class="b3">ἀπ-</b> ὀρφανός) <b class="b2">to make an orphan, to bereave</b> (Pi.); from it formally <b class="b3">-ιστής</b> m., but as [[guardian]] (S. [[Aj]]. 512), name of an official (Selymbria); b) <b class="b3">-εύω</b> [[to bring up orphans]], midd. <b class="b2">to be orphaned</b> (E.) with <b class="b3">-ευμα</b> n. [[orphanhood]] (E.), <b class="b3">-εία</b> f. (if not itacistic for <b class="b3">-ία</b>) <b class="b2">id.</b> (pap.); c) <b class="b3">-όομαι</b> <b class="b2">to be bereft</b> (AP, sch.).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [781] <b class="b2">*h₃erbh-</b> or <b class="b2">*h₂orbh-</b> [[orphaned]], [[bereft]]<br />Etymology: From the H.glosses <b class="b3">ὀρφοβόται ἐπίτροποι ὀρφανῶν</b> with <b class="b3">ὀρφο-βοτία ἐπιτροπή</b> and <b class="b3">ὤρφωσεν</b> (: <b class="b3">ὀρφόω</b>) <b class="b3">ὠρφάνισεν</b> we get a noun <b class="b3">*ὀρφος</b>, of which <b class="b3">ὀρφανός</b>, with the same meaning, seems to be a purely formal enlargement after other adj. in <b class="b3">-ανός</b>. With <b class="b3">*ὀρφος</b> agree exactly Arm. [[orb]], <b class="b2">-oy</b> [[orphan]] and Lat. [[orbus]] [[orphaned]], [[bereft]], IE <b class="b2">*orbho-s</b>. A <b class="b2">i̯o-</b>deriv. is supposed in Celt. and (a loan from there?) the Germ. word for [[heritage]] (so prop. *"orphans possessions" ?; diff., not convincing, Porzig Gliederung 121f.), e.g. OIr. <b class="b2">orb(b)e</b>, [[orpe]] n., Goth. [[arbi]], OHG [[arbi]], [[erbi]] n.; from there <b class="b2">der Erbe</b>, e.g. OIr. <b class="b2">orb(b)e</b> m., Goth. [[arbja]], OHG [[arpeo]], [[erbo]] m. Further, quite hypothetical connections in WP. 1, 183 f., Pok. 781 f., W.-Hofmann s. [[orbus]] (w. rich lit.); further Benveniste Hitt. et indoeur. 11 f., who finds in Hitt. <b class="b2">ḫarp-zi</b> <b class="b2">separate, keep s.</b> the relevant primary verb and at the same time reminds (after Collinder) of comparable Fi.-Ugr. words, e.g. Fi. [[orbo]], [[orvo]] [[orphan]].