ὄργανον: Difference between revisions

|Definition=τό, (ἔργον, ἔρδω) <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> <b class="b2">instrument, implement, tool, for making</b> or [[doing]] a thing, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Tr.</span>905</span>, cf. [[ἀθηρόβρωτος]]; λογχοποιῶν ὄργανα <span class="bibl">E. <span class="title">Ba.</span>1208</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ion</span>1030</span> ; πολεμικὰ ὅπλα τε καὶ ὄργανα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>374d</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Lg.</span> 956a</span> ; <b class="b3">ὄ</b>. without any Adj., <b class="b2">engine of war</b>, <span class="bibl">Ctes.<span class="title">Fr.</span>81</span> ; τὰ ναυτικὰ ὄ. [[tackle]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Plt.</span>298d</span> ; ὄ. ὅσα περὶ γεωργίαν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>370d</span> ; ὄνομα ἄρα διδασκαλικόν τί ἐστιν ὄ. <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Cra.</span>388b</span> ; <b class="b3">ὄργανα χρόνων</b> or <b class="b3">χρόνου</b>, of the stars, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ti.</span>41e</span>,<span class="bibl">42d</span> ; ὄ. κυβευτικά <span class="bibl">Aeschin.1.59</span>; of a person, ἁπάντων ἀεὶ κακῶν ὄ. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>380</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">organ of sense</b> or [[apprehension]], τὰ περὶ τὰς αἰσθήσεις ὄ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>508b</span> ; <b class="b3">τὸ ὄ. ᾧ καταμανθάνει ἕκαστος</b> ib.<span class="bibl">518c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Tht.</span>185c</span>, al.; δι' ἀμυδρῶν ὀ. θεᾶσθαί τι <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>250b</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ti.</span>45b</span>, <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Nat.</span>11.6</span>,<span class="bibl">7</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> of the body and its different parts, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">PA</span> 642a11</span>, <span class="bibl">645b14</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">GA</span>716a24</span>, Phld.<span class="title">Mus.</span>pp.71,96 K., Gal.10.47 ; the hand is called <b class="b3">ὄργανον ὀργάνων</b> or <b class="b3">ὄ. πρὸ ὀργάνων</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">de An.</span>432a2</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PA</span>687a21</span> ; <b class="b3">τὰ πορευτικὰ ὄ</b>. the [[organs]] of locomotion, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">GA</span>732b28</span>; <b class="b3">ὄ. πρὸς ἐργασίαν τῆς τροφῆς</b> the digestive [[organs]], ib.<span class="bibl">788b24</span> ; <b class="b3">τὸ ὄ. τὸ περὶ τὴν ἀναπνοήν</b> the respiratory [[organ]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">PA</span>664a29</span> ; τὰ ὄ. τὰ χρήσιμα πρὸς τὴν ὀχείαν <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">HA</span>500a15</span> ; of plants, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">de An.</span>412b1</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PA</span> 656a2</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">musical instrument</b>, <span class="bibl">Simon.31</span>, f.l. in <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>57.1</span> ; <b class="b3">ὁ μὲν δι' ὀργάνων ἐκήλει ἀνθρώπους</b>, of Marsyas, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span>215c</span> ; <b class="b3">ἄνευ ὀργάνων ψιλοῖς λόγοις</b> ibid., cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Plt.</span>268b</span> ; ὄ. πολύχορδα <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">R.</span>399c</span>, al.; μετ' ᾠδῆς καί τινων ὀργάνων Phld.<span class="title">Mus.</span>p.98K.; of the pipe, <span class="bibl">Melanipp.2</span>, <span class="bibl">Telest.1.2</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b2">surgical instrument</b>, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Off.</span>2</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>5.3.47</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl. <span class="title">Plt.</span>298c</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> concrete, [[work]] or [[product]], μελίσσης κηρόπλαστον ὄ. <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Fr.</span>398.5</span> ; <b class="b3">λαϊνέοισιν Ἀμφίονος ὀ</b>., of the walls of Thebes, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>115</span> (lyr.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> of logic as an [[instrument]] of philosophy, ἡ λογικὴ πραγματεία ὀργάνου χώραν ἔχει ἐν φιλοσοφίᾳ <span class="bibl">Alex.Aphr.<span class="title">in Top.</span>74.29</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Phlp.<span class="title">in APr.</span>6.23</span> ; <b class="b3">πᾶσα τεχνικὴ διδασκαλία ὑπὸ τὸ λογικὸν ὄ. ἀνάγεται</b> Sch.D.T.<span class="bibl">p.161</span> H.; but <b class="b3">τὸ ὄ</b>. as title of Aristotle's collected logical writings lacks authority. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> [[instrument]] or <b class="b2">table of calculations</b>, εἰσῆλθον εἰς τὸ προκείμενον ὄργανον <span class="bibl">Vett.Val.20.12</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> <b class="b3">ὄ. χλούνιον</b>, = [[ἠρύγγιον]], Ps.-Dsc.3.21.</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">implement, tool, instrument, sense organ, organ</b> (Hp., Ctes., Att., Arist.).<br />Compounds: Few compp. as <b class="b3">ὀργανο-ποιός</b> m. <b class="b2">instrument maker</b> (D. S.).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ὀργάν-ιον</b> dimin. (AP, M. Ant.), <b class="b3">-ικός</b> [[instrumental]], [[operative]], [[practical]] (Arist.), <b class="b3">-ίτης</b> m. [[engineer]] (pap. IVp; Redard 36), <b class="b3">-ιστής</b> m. <b class="b2">waterworks engineer</b> (pap. IIp), unattested <b class="b3">*ὀργανίζω</b>, but <b class="b3">δι-</b>, <b class="b3">κατ-οργανίζω</b> (AP, Alchem.); <b class="b3">ὀργανάριος</b> = [[fistularius]] (Gloss.); <b class="b3">-όομαι</b>, also w. <b class="b3">δι-</b>, <b class="b2">organised, to be provided with organs</b> (S. E., Iamb.) with (<b class="b3">δι-)-ωσις</b> f. [[organisation]] (Iamb.). -- Besides <b class="b3">Όργάνη</b> f. surn. of Athena (Thasos Va, Athens; v. Wilamowitz Glaube 2, 164), cf. <b class="b3">Ἐργάνη</b>; as adj. <b class="b3">ὀργάνα</b> [[operative]], [[formative]] (<b class="b3">χείρ</b>; E. Andr. 1014, not quite certain).<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1168] <b class="b2">*u̯erǵ-</b> [[work]]<br />Etymology: Formation like <b class="b3">ξόανον</b> (: <b class="b3">ξέω</b>, <b class="b3">-ξοος</b>), <b class="b3">ὄχανον</b> (: <b class="b3">ἔχω</b>, <b class="b3">ὄχος</b>, <b class="b3">-οχος</b>), <b class="b3">πλόκανον</b> (: <b class="b3">πλέκω</b>, <b class="b3">πλόκος</b>), <b class="b3">ὁρκάνη</b> (: <b class="b3">ὅρκος</b>, <b class="b3">ἕρκος</b>) a.o. (Chantraine Form. 198, Schwyzer 489 f.); similarly <b class="b3">ὄργανον</b> beside <b class="b3">-οργός</b>, <b class="b3">ὄργια</b>, <b class="b3">ἔοργα</b> (<b class="b3">ἔρξαι</b>, <b class="b3">ἔρδω</b>), <b class="b3">ἔργον</b>; whether directly from verb or through <b class="b3">-οργός</b>, <b class="b3">ἔργον</b>, is unclear. Cf. [[ἔργον]] u. [[ἔρδω]].