ἰσχνός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ή, όν, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[dry]], [[withered]], φυλλεῖα <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span>469</span>; <b class="b3">ἰ. τυρός</b>, opp. <b class="b3">χλωρός</b>, <span class="bibl">Poll.6.48</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>1338</span> (v A.D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> of persons, [[thin]], [[lean]], <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Aph.</span>2.44</span>, <span class="bibl">Theoc.10.27</span>, etc.; ἰσχνοὶ καὶ σφηκώδεις <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>561</span>; ἰσχνοὶ καὶ ἄσιτοι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>665e</span>; <b class="b3">ἰ. ἕξεις</b> a [[spare]] habit of body, <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Lyc.</span> 17</span>; of roots, -ότεραι Dsc.1.9,10; of the voice, <b class="b3">ἰσχνὸν φθέγγεσθαι</b> to speak [[thin]] or [[small]], <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Nigr.</span>11</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> [[weak]], [[feeble]], σφυγμός Gal. 8.506. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[reduced]], of a swelling, οὕτω ἂν τάχιστα ἰσχνὸν τὸ οἴδημα γένοιτο <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Fract.</span>21</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Epid.</span>4.26</span>. Adv. <b class="b3">-νῶς, ἑστηκώς</b> <b class="b2">without external swelling</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Coac.</span>481</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> [[light]], [[thin]], of clothing materials, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>1535</span> <span class="title">B</span>9 (ii/iii A.D.), etc.:metaph., of style, [[spare]], [[plain]], [[unadorned]], ἰ. χαρακτήρ <span class="bibl">D.H.<span class="title">Pomp.</span>2</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Demetr.<span class="title">Eloc.</span>190</span>, Quint. 12.10.58, Plu.2.42d. Adv. <b class="b3">-νῶς, εἰπεῖν</b> to speak [[plainly]], <span class="bibl">Plb.1.2.6</span>; <b class="b3">-νῶς ἰδεῖν τὴν ἀρετήν</b> dub.l. in <span class="bibl">Lycurg.80</span>. (Perh. cogn. with Lat. [[vescus]]: a connection with <b class="b3">ἴσχω</b> was imagined by the Greeks; cf. ἰσχνόφωνος <span class="bibl">11</span>.)</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: [[dry]], [[arid]], [[languishing]], [[lean]] (IA).<br />Compounds: Compp., e. g. <b class="b3">ἰσχνό-φωνος</b> <b class="b2">with dry (thin) voice</b> (Hdt., Hp., Arist.), often connected with <b class="b3">ἴσχω</b> (v. l. <b class="b3">ἰσχό-φωνος</b>; cf. below on <b class="b3">ἰσχναίνω</b>) and understood as <b class="b2">with halting voice</b>; <b class="b3">ἔν-ισχνος</b> <b class="b2">a little dry</b> (Nic. Al. 147; cf. Strömberg Prefix Studies 128).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ἰσχνότης</b> <b class="b2">dryness etc.</b> (Hp., Arist.); denomin. verbs: 1. <b class="b3">ἰσχναίνω</b>, also with prefix as <b class="b3">κατ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἀπ-</b>, <b class="b2">dry up, make lean</b> (IA) with <b class="b3">ἰσχνασία</b>, <b class="b3">-ίη</b> <b class="b2">dried up position, leanness</b> (Hp., Arist.; on the formation Schwyzer 469), <b class="b3">ἰσχνασμός</b> (Hp.), <b class="b3">ἴσχνανσις</b> (Paul. Aeg.) [[drying up]], <b class="b3">ἰσχναντικός</b> <b class="b2">drying up, becoming lean</b> (Arist.); 2. <b class="b3">ἰσχνόομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-όω</b>, also with <b class="b3">ἀπ-</b>, <b class="b3">ἐξ-</b> a. o., [[get]], [[make dry]] (Hp., Arist.) with <b class="b3">ἴσχνωσις</b>, <b class="b3">-ωτικός</b> (medic. a. o.). - Beside it <b class="b3">ἰσχαλέος</b> [[dry]], [[barren]] (τ 233, Man.) and <b class="b3">ἰσχάς</b>, <b class="b3">-άδος</b> f. [[dried fig]] (Com., Arist.) with <b class="b3">ἰσχαδο-πώλης</b>, <b class="b3">ἰσχάδιον</b> a. o. (Com.).<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: <b class="b3">ἰσχ-ν-ός</b>, <b class="b3">ἰσχ-αλ-έος</b> does not show old variation <b class="b3">ν</b> : <b class="b3">λ</b>, which is no IE category (<b class="b3">σμερδνός</b> : <b class="b3">σμερδαλέος</b> does exist, of course, Schwyzer 484, Chantraine Formation 253). One might have expected a verb <b class="b3">ἰσχαίνω</b> (<b class="b3">κερδαλέος</b> : <b class="b3">κερδαίνω</b>), which is often found as v. l., but it may also be a mix with <b class="b3">ἰσχάνω</b> [[hold back]]. A related <b class="b2">u-</b>stem has been assumed in Av. <b class="b2">hišku-</b>, Celt., e. g. MIr. [[sesc]] [[dry]], IE <b class="b2">*si-sk-u(-o</b>)-. (One uspposed for <b class="b3">ἰσχνός</b> an ad hoc basis <b class="b2">*si-sk-sno-</b> (Brugmann Grundr.2 2 : 1, 475); from an <b class="b2">s-</b>stem? - Unclear is the basis of <b class="b3">ἰσχάς</b>; after <b class="b3">οἰνάς</b>, <b class="b3">κοτινάς</b>, <b class="b3">φυτάς</b>, <b class="b3">μυρτάς</b> etc. one would suppose a noun. Further suggestions (IE <b class="b2">sek-</b> [[dry up]]) in Bq, Pok. 894f., W.-Hofmann s. [[siccus]]. - Not with Osthoff IF 27, 181ff. to Lat. [[vēscus]] [[emaciated]], [[lean]] (to [[vēscor]], s. W.-Hofmann s. v.).