ἔτος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=εος, τό, irreg. dat. <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> ἔτῃ <span class="title">IG</span>2.1059.18:—[[year]], <b class="b3">τῶν προτέρων ἐτέων</b> in bygone [[years]], <span class="bibl">Il.11.691</span>; <b class="b3">τόδ' ἐεικοστὸν ἔ. ἐστὶν ἐξ οὗ</b> . . <span class="bibl">24.765</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Od.2.89</span>, <span class="bibl">19.222</span>; ὅτε . . ὄγδοόν μοι ἐπιπλόμενον ἔ. ἦλθε <span class="bibl">7.261</span>; <b class="b3">ἔ. ἐνιαυτῶν</b>, v. [[ἐνιαυτός; ἑκάστου ἔτους]] <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>58b</span>; ἀν' ἕκαστον ἔ. <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>4.4.4</span>; ἀνὰ πᾶν ἔ. <span class="title">AP</span>9.430 (Crin.); ἀνὰ πάντα ἔτεα <span class="bibl">Hdt. 8.65</span>; <b class="b3">δι' ἔτους πέμπτου</b> every fifth [[year]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>584</span>; <b class="b3">κατὰ ἔ</b>. every [[year]], <span class="bibl">Th.4.53</span>, <span class="bibl">D.S.3.2</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Luc.</span>2.41</span>, etc. (freq. <b class="b3">καθ' ἕ</b>., as <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PPetr.</span>3p.34</span> (iii B.C.) and later); <b class="b3">ἔ. εἰς ἔ</b>. [[year]] after [[year]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ant.</span>340</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">δι' ἔτους</b> [[annually]], <span class="bibl">Ph.1.19</span>, <span class="bibl">378</span>; εἰς ἔ. <span class="bibl">Theoc.<span class="title">Ep.</span>13.4</span>; εἰς ἔ. ἐξ ἔτεος <span class="bibl">Id.18.15</span>; ἔ. ἐξ ἔτους <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">Le.</span>25.50</span>; <b class="b3">παρὰ ἔ</b>. every other [[year]], <span class="bibl">Paus.9.32.3</span> (but πὰρ ϝέτος [[yearly]], Tab.Heracl.1.101); πάλαι πολλὰ ἤδη ἔτη <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span> 18b</span>; τρίτῳ ἔτει <span class="bibl">Th.1.101</span>; τρίτῳ ἔτεϊ πρότερον <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.40</span>; <b class="b3">τρίτῳ ἔτεϊ τούτων</b> in the third [[year]] after this, ibid., etc.; freq. in acc., <b class="b3">ἔ. τόδ' ἤδη δέκατον . . βόσκων</b> now for these ten [[years]], <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>312</span>; τύραννος ἐγεγόνει ἤδη χιλιοστὸν ἔτος <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>615c</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">D.3.4</span>, <span class="bibl">33.23</span>; of a person's age, γεγονὼς ἔτη τρία ἀπολείποντα τῶν ἑκατόν <span class="bibl">Isoc.12.270</span>; οἱ ὑπὲρ τὰ στρατεύσιμα ἔτη γεγονότες <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>1.2.4</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">13</span>, etc.; without γεγονώς, τοὺς ὑπὲρ τετταράκοντα ἔτη <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">An.</span>5.3.1</span>; <b class="b3">οἱ μέχρι τετταράκοντα ἐτῶν</b> ib.<span class="bibl">6.4.25</span>, etc.: in gen., ἐπειδὰν ἐτῶν ᾖ τις τριάκοντα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>721b</span>; <b class="b3">μυρίων ἐτῶν</b> <b class="b2">within a period</b> of <span class="bibl">10</span>,<span class="bibl">000</span> [[years]], <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Phdr.</span>248e</span>; <b class="b3">ὥρα ἔτους</b>, v. [[ὥρα]] <span class="bibl">1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[regnal year]], τὸ πέμπτον ἔ. Δομιτιανοῦ <span class="bibl"><span class="title">POxy.</span>477.8</span> (ii A.D.). (ϝέτος <span class="title">SIG</span>9.2 (Olympia, vi B.C.), <span class="title">Berl.Sitzb.</span>1927.8 (Locr., v B.C.), <span class="title">Inscr.Cypr.</span>135.1 H., <span class="title">Tab.Heracl.</span>l.c.; cf. Lat. [[vetus]].) </span>

|etymtx=2.<br />Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: [[year]] (Il.);<br />Other forms: dial. <b class="b3">Ϝέτος</b>.<br />Dialectal forms: Myk. <b class="b2">we-to</b> (acc.), <b class="b2">we-te-i</b> (dat.)<br />Compounds: Oft as 2. member, e. g. <b class="b3">τρι-ετής</b> (<b class="b3">τρι-έτης</b>) <b class="b2">three-year old</b> (Ion.-Att.) with <b class="b3">τριετία</b> [[space of three years]] (hell.), <b class="b3">τριετίζω</b> [[be three years old]] (LXX); also <b class="b3">τρι-έτ-ηρος</b> <b class="b2">three years old</b> (Call.) with <b class="b3">-ηρίς</b> f. <b class="b2">every third year (incluve)</b>, i. e. [[all two years returning]] (<b class="b3">ἑορτη</b>; Pi., Ion.-Att.; after the nouns in <b class="b3">-ηρός</b>, <b class="b3">-ηρίς</b>; Schwyzer 482, Chantraine Formation 346); from it <b class="b3">τριετηρικός</b> [[belonging to a τριετηρίς]] (late).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">ἔτειος</b> <b class="b2">jearly, lasting the whole year, one year long</b> (Pi., A.); through hypostasis <b class="b3">ἐπέτειος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Ion.-Att., of <b class="b3">ἐπ</b>' <b class="b3">ἔτος</b>; cf. Schwyzer-Debrunner 473); <b class="b3">ἐτήσιος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Att.; after the adj. in <b class="b3">-τήσιος</b>; Schwyzer 466, Chantraine 42) with <b class="b3">ἐτησίαι</b> m. pl. [[wind of the year]] (Ion.-Att., Arist.); also <b class="b3">ἐπετήσιος</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (η 118, Th.); [[ἐπηετανός]], s. v.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1175] <b class="b2">u̯etos</b> [[year]]<br />Etymology: Old word for [[year]], preserved in several languages. An exact agreement in Alb. [[vit]], pl. (also sg.) [[vjet]] [[year]], from IE <b class="b2">*u̯etes-</b> (Mann Lang. 26, 383). As 2. member the neutral <b class="b2">s-</b>stem is preserved in zero grade in Skt. <b class="b2">tri-vats-á-</b> <b class="b2">of three years</b>; the full grade is supposed in Messap. [[atavetes]] (= <b class="b3">αὑτό-ετες</b>, [[in the same year]]?; Schwyzer 513 n. 3) and in Hitt. <b class="b2">ša-u̯itiš-t-</b> [[nurseling]] (prop. <b class="b2">t-</b>abstract *"of the same year"?; s. Kronasser Vgl. Laut- und Formenlehre 53 and 130). Beside it Hitt. has a consonant-stem <b class="b2">u̯itt-</b> (= <b class="b2">u̯et-</b>) [[year]], s. Kronasser 126 A. 20. A rebuilding into an <b class="b2">a-</b>stem perhaps in Hier.-Hitt. <b class="b2">usa-</b>, Luw. <b class="b2">ušša-</b> [[year]] (< IE <b class="b2">*u̯et-o-</b>?) ; Kronasser <b class="b3">Μνήμης χάριν</b> 1, 201. A semantic problem gives Lat. [[vetus]] [[old]], formally = <b class="b3">Ϝέτος</b>; for the explanation s. W.-Hofmann s. [[vetus]], and Benveniste Rev. de phil. 74, 124ff. - Old enlargements of the <b class="b2">s-</b>stem are found in words for (one-year old) animals: Skt. <b class="b2">vats-á-</b> [[calf]], Alb. <b class="b2">vic̣</b> [[calf]] (IE <b class="b2">*u̯etes-o-</b>), Celt., e. g. Ir. [[feis]] [[swine]] (< <b class="b2">*u̯ets-i-</b>). - On itself stands a Balto-Slavic word for [[old]], Lith. <b class="b2">vẽtušas</b>, OCS [[vetъchъ]], IE <b class="b2">*u̯etus-o-</b> (here also Lat. [[vetus]]?); cf. Ernout-Meillet s. v. (where the Balto-Slavic adjectiv on insufficient grounds is separated from the word for [[year]]). - A new name for year in Greek is [[ἐνιαυτός]], s. v. S. also [[ἔταλον]], [[νέωτα]], <b class="b3">οἰετέας</b>, <b class="b3">πέρυσι</b>, [[σῆτες]]. Further s. W.-Hofmann s. [[vetus]].