ἱερός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=(v. sub fin.), ά, όν, also ός, όν in the phrase <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> ἱερὸς ἀκτή <span class="bibl">Hes. <span class="title">Op.</span>597</span>, <span class="bibl">805</span>, Orac. ap. <span class="bibl">Hdt.8.77</span>: Ion. and poet. ἱρός, ή, όν (v. sub fin.): Dor. and N. Greek ἱᾰρός <span class="title">IG</span>22.1126.20, etc.: Aeol. ἶρος <span class="bibl">Sapph.<span class="title">Supp.</span>23.25</span>, Alc.<span class="title">Supp.</span>8.4, but ἴαρος (corr. from <b class="b3">ἴερ-</b>) <span class="bibl">Sapph. <span class="title">Supp.</span>20a</span>.<span class="bibl">6</span>: Sup. ἱερώτατος <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>582</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>755e</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> [[filled with]] or <b class="b2">manifesting divine power, supernatural</b>, ἱ. ἲς Τηλεμάχοιο <span class="bibl">Od.2.409</span>, al.; ἱ. μένος Ἀλκινόοιο <span class="bibl">8.421</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἄλφιτον, ἀλωαί</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.11.631</span>, <span class="bibl">5.499</span>; Δημήτερος ἱερὸς ἀκτή Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>Il.c.; of natural objects or phenomena, rivers, <span class="bibl">Od.10.351</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.11.726</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Med.</span>410</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">λιβάς</b>, of the Spercheus, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Ph.</span>1215</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">ἱεραὶ βῆσσαι Κίρκης</b> 'faery', <span class="bibl">Od.10.275</span>; <b class="b3">ἱ. ἦμαρ, κνέφας</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.8.66</span>, <span class="bibl">11.194</span>; φάος <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span> 339</span>; <b class="b3">ἱερὸς δίφρος</b> (where <b class="b3">δ</b>. perh.= <b class="b3">ἵπποι</b>) <span class="bibl">Il.17.464</span>; after Hom., ἱ. χεῦμα θαλάσσης <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Fr.</span>192</span> (anap.); ἱ. κῦμα <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hipp.</span>1206</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Cyc.</span> 265</span>; ὄμβρος <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1428</span>; δρόσοι <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>117</span> (lyr.); <b class="b3">ὕπνος</b>, of death, <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Epigr.</span>11</span>; <b class="b3">ἔστι μὲν οὐδὲν ἱ</b>. no [[great]] matter, <span class="bibl">Theoc.5.22</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> of divine things, [[holy]], ἱεροῖς ἐν δώμασι Κίρκης <span class="bibl">Od.10.426</span>; ἱ. γένος ἀθανάτων <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Th.</span>21</span>; <b class="b3">λέχος</b>, of Zeus, ib.<span class="bibl">57</span>; <b class="b3">δόσις</b> the gift [[of God]], ib. <span class="bibl">93</span>; <b class="b3">πόλεμος</b> [[holy]] war, '[[crusade]]', <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Av.</span>556</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> of earthly things, [[hallowed]], [[consecrated]], βωμοί <span class="bibl">Il.2.305</span>; <b class="b3">ἱ. δόμος</b>, of the temple of Athena, <span class="bibl">6.89</span>; ἱ. ἑκατόμβη <span class="bibl">1.99</span>,<span class="bibl">431</span>, etc.; ἐλαίη <span class="bibl">Od.13.372</span>; χοαί <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>469</span>, etc.; <b class="b3">ἱρὰ γράμματα</b> [[hieroglyphics]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.36</span>; but <b class="b3">ἱ. γράμματα</b> of the <span class="title">Holy</span> Scriptures, <b class="b2">2 Ep.Tim</b>.<span class="bibl">3.15</span>; ἱ. βύβλοι <span class="title">OGI</span>56.70 (Canopus, iii B.C.); <b class="b3">ἱ. ἄγαλμα, τρίπους</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>1379</span>, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>512</span>, etc.; χρήματα <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">R.</span>568d</span>, etc.; ἱ. τὸ σῶμα τῷ θεῷ δίδωμ' ἔχειν <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span> 1285</span>; <b class="b3">ἱ. σώματα</b>, of <b class="b3">ἱερόδουλοι</b>, <span class="bibl">Str.6.2.6</span>; χῆνες Plu.2.325c; of animals regarded as 'taboo', [κριοί] εἰσί σφι ἱ. διὰ τοῦτο <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.42</span>; so perh. ἱ. ἰχθύς <span class="bibl">Il.16.407</span>; of the Roman Tribunes,= Lat. [[sacrosanctus]], ἱ. καὶ ἄσυλος <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">TG</span>15</span>, etc.; of Augustus, <span class="title">Mon.Anc.Gr.</span> 5.17; <b class="b3">ἱ. νόμος</b> law [[of sacrifice]], <span class="bibl">D.21.35</span>, cf. <span class="title">SIG</span>685.81 (ii B.C.); <b class="b3">ἱ. λόγος</b> [[legend]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.81</span>, etc.; οἱ παλαιοὶ καὶ ἱ. λόγοι <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ep.</span>335a</span>; <b class="b3">ἱ. γάμος</b> [[mystical]] marriage, a religious ceremony, <span class="bibl">Men.320</span>, Phot. s.v.; opp. <b class="b3">βέβηλος</b>, as [[sacred]] to [[profane]], <span class="bibl">D.H.7.8</span>, <span class="title">AB</span>223; but more freq. ἱ. καὶ ὅσιος <span class="bibl">Th.2.52</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Vect.</span>5.4</span>, etc.; cf. [[ὅσιος]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b2">under divine protection</b>, freq. of places, Ἴλιος <span class="bibl">Il.5.648</span>, Alc.<span class="title">Supp.</span>8.4; Πύλος <span class="bibl">Od. 21.108</span>; Θήβη <span class="bibl">Sapph.<span class="title">Supp.</span>20a</span>.<span class="bibl">6</span>; <b class="b3">Τροίης ἱερὸν πτολίεθρον, Τροίης ἱερὰ κρήδεμνα</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.1.2</span>, <span class="bibl">Il.16.100</span>; Ἀθῆναι <span class="bibl">Od.11.323</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">Fr.</span>75</span>, <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Aj.</span>1221</span> (lyr.), Ps.-Orac. ap. <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Eq.</span>1037</span>; Σούνιον ἱρόν <span class="bibl">Od.3.278</span>; <b class="b3">ἱ. κύκλος</b> the judge's seat [[under the protection of Zeus]], <span class="bibl">Il.18.504</span>: with gen. of the divinity, <b class="b3">ἄλσος ἱρὸν Ἀθηναίης, ἄντρον ἱρὸν νυμφάων</b>, <span class="bibl">Od.6.322</span>, <span class="bibl">13.104</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.80</span>,<span class="bibl">2.41</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Pl.</span>937</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.3.13</span>, etc.; γῆ καὶ ἑστία ἱερὰ πᾶσι πάντων θεῶν <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Lg.</span>955e</span>; <b class="b3">χωρίον ὡς -ώτατον</b> ib.<span class="bibl">755e</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ti.</span>45a</span>; with gen. of a human being, Γναθίου . . ἱ. εἰμι <span class="title">IG</span>12.920. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> of persons, φυλάκων ἱ. τέλος <span class="bibl">Il.10.56</span>; ἱ. πυλαωροί <span class="bibl">24.681</span>; στρατός <span class="bibl">Od.24.81</span>; βασιλέες <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>5.97</span>; <b class="b3">ἱ. εὐσεβής τε</b>, of Oedipus, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>287</span>; <b class="b3">ἅνθρωπος ἱ</b>. [[initiated]], <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ra.</span>652</span>; c. gen. of a divinity, [[deuoted]], [[dedicated]], <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Alc.</span>75</span>, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Phd.</span>85b</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> under the Roman Empire,= [[sacer]], [[imperial]], ἐκ τῶν ἱερῶν τοῦ Καίσαρος γραμμάτων <span class="title">IGRom.</span>4.571 (Aezani, ii A.D.); <b class="b3">ὁ -ώτατος φίσκος, τὸ -ώτατον ταμιεῖον</b>, ib.3.727 (Lycia), <span class="title">SIG</span>888.10 (Scaptopara, iii A.D.), etc.; <b class="b3">τὸ -ώτατον βῆμα</b> (of the [[praefectus Aegypti]]), <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PHamb.</span>4.8</span> (i A.D.): generally, [[worshipful]], ἱ. σύνοδος <span class="title">OGI</span>713.9 (Egypt, iii A.D.), etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> as Subst., </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> ἱερά, Ion. ἱρά, τά, [[offerings]], [[victims]], ἱερὰ ῥέξας <span class="bibl">Il.1.147</span>, etc.; ἔρδειν <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>336</span>; διδόναι <span class="bibl">Od.16.184</span>; ἀλλ' ὅ γε δέκτο μὲν ἱρά <span class="bibl">Il.2.420</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">23.207</span>: less freq. in sg., ὄφρ' ἱρὸν ἑτοιμασσαίατ' Ἀθήνῃ <span class="bibl">10.571</span>; θῦσαι ἱρά <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.59</span>, <span class="bibl">8.54</span>, etc.; θυσίας καὶ ἱρὰ ποιέειν <span class="bibl">Id.2.63</span>; αἴθειν <span class="bibl">S. <span class="title">Ph.</span>1033</span>; ἱ. πατρῷα <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>1015</span>; ἱ. ἐπιχώρια <span class="bibl">Democr.259</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> after Hom., [[omens afforded by sacrifice]], τὰ ἱρὰ οὐ προεχώρεε χρηστά <span class="bibl">Hdt. 5.44</span>; <b class="b3">τὰ ἱερὰ καλὰ [ἦν</b>] <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.8.15</span>; simply <b class="b3">οὐκ ἐγίγνετο τὰ ἱ</b>. ib. <span class="bibl">2.2.3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">c</span> generally, [[sacred objects]] or [[rites]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.172</span>,<span class="bibl">4.33</span>; τῶν ὑμετέρων ἱ. καὶ κοινῶν μετεῖχον <span class="bibl">D.57.3</span>; of <b class="b2">cult-images, IG Rom</b>.<span class="bibl">3.800</span> (syllium). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> after Hom., ἱερόν, Ion. ἱρόν, τό, [[holy place]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.5.119</span>,al.; opp. <b class="b3">νηός</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.2.170</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.4.90</span>,<span class="bibl">5.18</span>; freq. of a [[temple]], <b class="b3">ἔστι δὲ ἐν τῷ τεμένεϊ . . ἱρόν κτλ</b>. <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.112</span>; of the Jewish temple, <span class="bibl">LXX <span class="title">1 Ch.</span>29.4</span>, <span class="bibl">Plb.16.39.4</span>, <span class="bibl">Str.16.2.34</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ev.Matt.</span>24.1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">ἱερὸν τῆς δίκης</b> <b class="b2">a sacred principle</b> of right, <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Hel.</span>1002</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> ἱερός, ὁ (sc. <b class="b3">μήν</b>), name of month at Delos, <span class="title">IG</span>12.377.22, 11(2).203<span class="title">A</span>31 (iii B.C.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">ἱεροί</b>, οἱ, members of a religious college or guild, ib.5(1).1390.1, al. (Andania, i B.C.), prob. in <span class="title">SIG</span>1010.7 (Chalcedon), etc.; also of women, ἱεραί, αἱ, <span class="title">IG</span>5(1). l.c., cf. 1511 (Sparta). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> = [[ἱερόδουλος]], ib. 1356 (Messenia, V B.C.), <span class="title">Inscr.Perg.</span>572, <span class="title">GDI</span>5702.39 (Samos). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> special phrases, post-Hom., </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">1</span> prov., <b class="b3">ἱ. ἄγκυρα</b> <b class="b2">one's last hope</b>, Plu. 2.815d, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">JTr.</span>51</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Fug.</span>13</span>, <span class="bibl">Poll.1.93</span>, Gal.11.182. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">ἱ. βόλος</b>, name of a throw at dice, <span class="bibl">Eub.57.1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> <b class="b3">ἱ. βοτάνη</b>, v. [[βοτάνη]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> <b class="b3">ἱ</b>. (sc. <b class="b3">γραμμή</b>) (cf. γραμμή <span class="bibl">111.1</span>), [[last line]] of draught-board, κινήσαις τὸν ἀπ' ἴρας . . λίθον <span class="bibl">Alc.82</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Epich.225</span>, <span class="bibl">Sophr.127</span>; <b class="b3">τὴν ἀφ' ἱερᾶς</b> (v.l. [[τὴν ἱεράν]]) <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Cor.</span>32</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">5</span> <b class="b3">ἱ. ἰχθύς</b>,= <b class="b3">ἀνθίας</b>, <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">HA</span> 620b35</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Ath.7.282e</span>, Plu.2.981d. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">6</span> <b class="b3">ἱ. λόχος</b>, v. [[λόχος]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">7</span> <b class="b3">ἱερά</b> (sc. <b class="b3">νίκη</b>), ἡ, <b class="b2">drawn contest, dead heat</b> (because the prize was assigned to the god), <span class="title">SIG</span>1073.48 (Olymp.); <b class="b3">ποιῆσαι ἱεράν</b>, of the competitor, Wood [[Ephesus]], [[App]].vi p.70; so ἱ. ἀθλήματα <span class="title">Inscr.Olymp.</span>56; ἱερὸς ὁ στέφανος ἐκρίθη <span class="title">IG</span>9(2).525 (Larissa); <b class="b3">τὸ παγκράτιον ἱ. ἐγένετο</b> ib.527 (ibid.); <b class="b3">ἱερός</b> (sc. <b class="b3">ἀγών</b>) ib.7.2727.19, 24 (Acraeph.): metaph., <b class="b3">ἱερὸν ποιῆσαι τὸν στέφανον</b> 'divide the honours', <span class="bibl">Plb.1.58.5</span>, <span class="bibl">29.8.9</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">8</span> <b class="b3">ἱ. νόσος</b> [[epilepsy]], <span class="bibl">Hdt.3.33</span>, Hp.<span class="title">Morb. Sacr.</span>tit., <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>9.11.3</span>, etc., cf. <span class="bibl">Call.<span class="title">Aet.</span>3.1.14</span>: metaph., τὴν οἴησιν ἱ. νόσον ἔλεγε <span class="bibl">Heraclit.46</span> ( = <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Fr.</span>224</span>). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">9</span> <b class="b3">ἡ ἱ. ὁδός</b> [[the sacred]] road to Delphi, <span class="bibl">Hdt.6.34</span>; also, from Athens to Eleusis, <span class="bibl">Cratin. 61</span>, <span class="bibl">Paus.1.36.3</span>, Harp. s.v.; and that from Elis to Olympia, <span class="bibl">Paus. 5.25.7</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">10</span> <b class="b3">ἱ. ὀστέον</b>, [[os sacrum]], the last bone of the spine, <span class="bibl">Hp. <span class="title">Art.</span>45</span>, Plu.2.981d, <span class="bibl">Gal.<span class="title">UP</span>5.8</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">11</span> <b class="b3">ἱ. συμβουλή</b> [[sacred duty of an adviser]], <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ep.</span>321c</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>5.6.4</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Thg.</span>122b</span>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Rh.Pr.</span> 1</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">12</span> <b class="b3">ἱ. σῦριγξ</b> [[spinal canal]], <span class="bibl">Poll.2.180</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">13</span> <b class="b3">ἱερὰ τριήρης</b>, of the Delian ship, or one of the state-ships (Salaminia or Paralos), <span class="bibl">D.4.34</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">14</span> freq. in geographical names, e.g. <b class="b3">ἱ ἄκρα</b>, in Lycia, <span class="bibl">Str. 14.3.8</span>; <b class="b3">ἱ. ἀκρωτήριον</b>, in Spain, <b class="b2">Cape St. Vincent</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.2.4.3</span>; <b class="b3">ἱ. κώμη</b>, in Lydia, <span class="bibl">Plb.16.1.8</span>; <b class="b3">ἱ. νῆσος</b>, one of the Liparean group, <span class="bibl">Th.3.88</span>; one of the [[insulae Aegates]], <span class="bibl">Plb.1.60.3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> Adv. <b class="b3">-ρῶς</b> [[holily]], <b class="b3">ἀποθανεῖν</b> v.l. in <span class="bibl">Plu.<span class="title">Lyc.</span>27</span>. [ῐ by nature, but sts. ῑ in Ep., esp. in endings of hexameters, <b class="b3">ἱ. ἰχθύς, ἱ. ἦμαρ, ἱερὰ ῥέξας, ἀλφίτου ἱεροῦ ἀκτή</b>, <span class="bibl">Il.16.407</span>, <span class="bibl">8.66</span>, <span class="bibl">1.147</span>, <span class="bibl">11.631</span>; ῑερόν in the first foot of a hex., <span class="bibl">Theoc.5.22</span>; also in compds. <b class="b3">ἱεραγωγός, ἱεροθαλλής, ἱερόφωνος</b>: ῑ always in contr. form <b class="b3">ἱρός</b> wh. is used in Ep., Hdt., and some Ion. inscrr., as <span class="title">IG</span>12(8).265.9 (Thasos), cf. <span class="bibl">Semon.7.56</span>, <span class="bibl">Herod.4.79</span>, al., but is rarely found in codd. of Hp. (never in Heraclit. or Democr.); also in Trag., <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span>268</span>, etc., but never required by metre in lyr. of Com.]</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: adj.<br />Meaning: "holy", <b class="b2">dedicated to a god, divine</b>, also in gen. praising <b class="b2">glorious, excellent, strong, quick etc.</b> (cf. below); <b class="b3">ἱερόν</b> n. [[consecrated area]], [[temple]] (posthom.), <b class="b3">ἱερά</b> n. pl., rarely sg. <b class="b2">Weihgeschenk, sacrifice(animal)</b> (Il.).<br />Other forms: Dor., NWGr. <b class="b3">ἱαρός</b>, Ion. poet. <b class="b3">ἰρός</b>, Aeol. <b class="b3">ἶρος</b><br />Dialectal forms: Myc. <b class="b2">i-je-ro</b>, <b class="b2">i-je-re-u i-je-re-ja ijerowoko</b> \/<b class="b3">ἱΏεροϜοργος</b>\/<br />Compounds: As 1. member in many compp., not mentioned here.<br />Derivatives: (Dialectforms not noted): 1. <b class="b3">ἱερεύς</b> (Il.), Arc. Cypr. <b class="b3">ἱερής</b>, Ion. also <b class="b3">ἱέρεως</b> (hardly taken from <b class="b3">ἀρχιέρεως</b>, Sommer Nominalkomp. 129, Egli Heteroklisie 111f. with new explan.) m. <b class="b2">who performs the sacrifices (τὰ ἱερά), offerer, priest</b> (Schulze KZ 52, 193 = Kl. Schr. 573; after Boßhardt Die Nom. auf <b class="b3">-ευς</b> rather backformation from <b class="b3">ἱερεύω</b>; on meaning and spread E. Kretschmer Glotta 18, 81f.). From <b class="b3">ἱερεύς</b>: a) several feminines (cf. on <b class="b3">βασιλεύς</b>): <b class="b3">ἱέρεια</b> (Il.), Cypr. <b class="b3">ἰερήϜιϳα</b>, Ion. <b class="b3">ἱερέη</b>, <b class="b3">-ῆ</b>; <b class="b3">ἱερηΐς</b> (Megar.), <b class="b3">ἱέρισσα</b> (pap. IIa); b) the nouns <b class="b3">ἱερεία</b> <b class="b2">priest-ship</b> (Thyateira; cf. Bechtel Dial. 1, 311), <b class="b3">ἱερεῖον</b>, <b class="b3">-ήϊον</b> <b class="b2">sacrif. animal</b> (Il.), <b class="b3">ἱερ(ε)ωσύνη</b> <b class="b2">priest-ship</b> (IA) with <b class="b3">ἱερ(ε)ώσυνος</b> [[priesterly]] (hell.); c) the adjective <b class="b3">ἱερευτικός</b> <b class="b2">priesterly (pap.); d) the denominatives ἱερεύω `offer, devote</b> (Il.) with <b class="b3">ἱέρευσις</b> (sch.) and <b class="b3">ἱερεύσιμος</b> (Plu. 2, 729d, besides <b class="b3">θύσιμος</b>; Arbenz Die Adj. auf <b class="b3">-ιμος</b> 94), or from <b class="b3">ἱερός</b>, <b class="b3">ἱερά</b>; <b class="b3">ἱερεώομαι</b>, <b class="b3">ἱερεώσασθαι</b> [[be priest]] (hell.; Schulze Symb. phil. Danielsson 304 = Kl. Schr. 325). - 2. <b class="b3">ἱερόλας</b> = <b class="b3">ἱερεύς</b> (S. Fr. 57; uncertain; on the formation Chantraine Formation 238). - 3. <b class="b3">ἱερῖτιν καθαρμοῦ δεομένην</b>, <b class="b3">ἱκέτιν</b> H. (A. Fr. 93). - 4. <b class="b3">ἱερατικός</b> [[priesterly]], [[hieratic]] (Pl. Plt. 290d, Arist.; cf. also <b class="b3">ἱερατεύω</b>, <b class="b3">ἱερατεία</b> below). - 5. <b class="b3">Ι῝ερυς</b> PN (Leumann Glotta 32, 220). - 6. Several denomin.: a) <b class="b3">ἱερεύω</b>, cf. om <b class="b3">ἱερεύς</b>; b) <b class="b3">ἱεράομαι</b> care for the victims (<b class="b3">ἱερά</b>)' (Hdt., Th.); c) <b class="b3">ἱεράζω</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (Ion. islands), Boeot. <b class="b3">ἱαρειάδδω</b>, prob. from <b class="b3">ἱαρεία</b>; d) <b class="b3">ἱερόω</b> [[consecrate]] (Att., Locr. etc.) with <b class="b3">ἱέρωμα</b> [[consecration]] (Cret., Epid. etc.), <b class="b3">ἱερωτός</b> (Thess.); e) <b class="b3">ἱερίζω</b> = <b class="b3">καθαίρω</b> H. (s. <b class="b3">ἁγνίτης</b>) with <b class="b3">ἱεριστής</b> [[who cares for the ἱερα]] and <b class="b3">ἱερισμός</b> [[holy service]] (hell.); f) <b class="b3">ἱερατεύω</b> [[be priest]] with <b class="b3">ἱερατεία</b>, <b class="b3">ἱεράτευμα</b>, <b class="b3">ἱερατεῖον</b>; <b class="b3">ἱεριτεύω</b> <b class="b2">id.</b>; <b class="b3">ἱερωτεύω</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> with <b class="b3">ἱερωτεία</b>; all dialectical, hell.; on the formation Schwyzer 732, Solmsen Glotta 1, 80.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [299] <b class="b2">*ish₁ro-</b> [[holy]]<br />Etymology: The different meanings, partly also the variation in form induced many scholars to split <b class="b3">ἱερός</b> in two or even in three words. Thus one has because of the long anlaut in <b class="b3">ἱερὸν ἰχθύν Π</b> 407, <b class="b3">ἱαρὸς ὄρνις</b> (Alkm. Fr. 26) and <b class="b3">ἱερὸς ὄρ</b>. (AP 7, 171), which can be easily explained as metr. lengthening, assumed a special <b class="b3">Ϝιερός</b> [[rapid]], [[quick]], from where <b class="b3">ἱέραξ</b> [[hawk]] (s. v.). In the meaning [[strong]], [[forceful]] <b class="b3">ἱερός</b> would however be identical with Skt. <b class="b2">iṣirá-</b> etwa [[strong]], [[active]]; here also Celtic river names like [[Isara]] (Krahe Beitr. z. Namenforschung 4, 121f.). A third <b class="b3">ἱερός</b>, as [[holy]], would have connections with Italic and Germanic, e. g. Osc. [[aisusis]] [[sacrifiis]], Paelign. [[aisis]], Umbr. [[erus]] [[dis]], OHG [[ēra]] [[Ehre]]. Thus esp. Schulze Q. 207ff. after Ahrens Phil. 27, 585ff., Solmsen Unt. 147ff. For uniform origin, though in parts different, Kuhn KZ 2, 274, Meillet Zeitschr. celt. Phil. 10, 309, Devoto Studi etr. 5, 316, v. Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 21f., Specht in Schaeder ZDMG 94, 408, Duchesne-Guillemin Mélanges Boisacq 1, 333ff., who as support of the old comparison with Skt. <b class="b2">iṣirá-</b> pointed to the agreement between <b class="b3">ἱερὸν μένος</b> and Skt. <b class="b2">iṣiréṇa mánasā</b> (instr.). On which now R. Schmitt Dichtung u. Dichtersprache 111-114. - Kretschmer Glotta 11, 278ff. (s. also Glotta 30, 88) considered <b class="b3">ἱερός</b> as cross of Gr. <b class="b2">*aisaros</b>, <b class="b2">*eiseros</b> [[divine]] (with Etr. [[aesar]] [[god]] and Osc. [[aisusis]] etc.) and an IE word for [[strong]] (= Skt. <b class="b2">iṣirá-</b>). - See P. Wülfing von Martitz, Glotta 38 (1960) 272-307 and 39 (1961)24-43; s. also Belardi Doxa 3, 207. J.P. Locher, Unters. <b class="b3">zυ ἱερός</b> haupts. bei Homer (Berne 1963). The change <b class="b3">ἱερός</b>, <b class="b3">ἱαρός</b>, <b class="b3">ἰρός</b> (IE <b class="b2">*iseros</b>, <b class="b2">*isr̥os</b>, <b class="b2">*isrós</b> ?) Schwyzer 482 and 243; Ramat, Sprache 8 (1962) 4-28 connects Skt. <b class="b2">iṣṇati</b> <b class="b2">set in movement</b>, which gives <b class="b2">*ish₁ro-</b>. Lesbian <b class="b3">ἶρος</b> must be due to assimilation. Dot. <b class="b3">ἱαρός</b> is due to dev. before [[r]]. On the aspiration ibd. 219f. On the meaning (against <b class="b3">ἅγιος</b>, <b class="b3">ἁγνός</b>) Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 61ff.; also J. Chr. Bolkestein <b class="b3">Ο῝σιος</b> en <b class="b3">εὑσεβής</b>. diss. Amsterdam 1936, Palmer Eranos 53, 4ff., Defradas Rev. de phil. 81, 208ff. - Older lit. in Bq. García Ramón, Akten VII. Fachtagung, Innsbruck 1992, 183-205, connects 1. eis- (Pok. 299f.) <b class="b2">set in motion</b>, i. e. Skt. <b class="b2">iṣṇati</b>, Gr. <b class="b3">ἰνάω</b> (<b class="b3">ι-</b>), which gives <b class="b2">*h₁ish₂-ro-</b>, but assumes that between s and cons. a laryngeal was lost, giving ἰ̃<b class="b3">ρος</b> etc.; <b class="b3">-ερος</b> and <b class="b3">-αρος</b> would be replacements.