μένος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=εος, τό, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[might]], [[force]], μή μ' ἀπογυιώσῃς μένεος, ἀλκῆς τε λάθωμαι <span class="bibl">Il.6.265</span>; μ. χειρῶν <span class="bibl">5.506</span> (more freq. μ. καὶ χεῖρες <span class="bibl">6.502</span>, al.); μ. καὶ γυῖα <span class="bibl">6.27</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> of animals, [[strength]], [[fierceness]], <b class="b3">παρδάλιος, λέοντος</b>, <span class="bibl">17.20</span>; of horses, [[spirit]], ib.<span class="bibl">456</span>, <span class="bibl">476</span>, etc.; ἵππος κατασθμαίνων μένει <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Th.</span> 393</span>; <b class="b3">ὑπὸ χαρᾶς καὶ μένους</b>, of dogs, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyn.</span>6.15</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> of things, [[force]], [[might]], [<b class="b3">ἔγχεος</b>] <span class="bibl">Il.13.444</span>; ἠελίοιο <span class="bibl">Od.10.160</span>; πυρός <span class="bibl">Il.6.182</span>, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Ach.</span> 665</span>; ποταμῶν <span class="bibl">Il.12.18</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>720</span>; ἄστρων θερμὸν μ. <span class="bibl">Parm.11.3</span>; ἀνέμων <span class="bibl">Emp.111.3</span>; χειμῶνος <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Heracl.</span>428</span>; χαλινῶν ἀναύδῳ μένει <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Ag.</span>238</span> (lyr.); ἄτης <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Ch.</span>1076</span> (anap.); τὸ ἀπὸ τοῦ οἴνου μ. <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Acut.</span> 63</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">VM</span>9</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">4</span> [[life]], ἀπὸ γὰρ μ. εἵλετο χαλκός <span class="bibl">Il.3.294</span>; λύθη ψυχή τε μ. τε <span class="bibl">5.296</span>; <b class="b3">φυσῶσι μέλαν μ</b>. the black <b class="b2">life-blood</b>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">Aj.</span>1412</span> (anap.), cf. <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Ag.</span>1067</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> of the soul, [[spirit]], [[passion]], <b class="b3">μ. ἀνδρῶν</b> the [[battlerage]] of men, <span class="bibl">Il.2.387</span>; μ. Ἄρηος <span class="bibl">18.264</span>: less freq. in pl., mostly in phrase μένεα πνείοντες <span class="bibl">2.536</span>, al.; μένος καὶ θυμός <span class="bibl">5.470</span>, al., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">h.Cer.</span> 361</span>; μ. καὶ θάρσος <span class="bibl">Il.5.2</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.1.321</span>; μ. ἔλλαβε θυμόν <span class="bibl">Il.23.468</span>; μένεος δ' ἐμπλήσατο θυμόν <span class="bibl">22.312</span>; μένεος δὲ μέγα φρένες ἀμφὶ μέλαιναι πίμπλαντο <span class="bibl">1.103</span>: also in Att., ὀργῆς καὶ μένους ἐμπλήμενος <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">V.</span>424</span>; ὅτε ζέσειεν τὸ τοῦ θυμοῦ μ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ti.</span>70b</span>; μένους τὴν ψυχὴν πληρουμένην Alcid. ap. <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1406a2</span> (but <b class="b3">νοῦς… πληρωθεὶς μένους</b> filled with [[spiritual exaltation]], <span class="bibl">Plot.5.5.8</span>); θυμὸς ὁ κρατέων τῶ μένεος Theag. ap. Stob.3.1.117; <b class="b3">προθυμία καὶ μ., μ. καὶ θάρρος</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>3.3.61</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">HG</span>7.1.31</span>; παντὶ μένει σπεύδων <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Sc.</span>364</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> [[intent]], [[purpose]], [<b class="b3">Τρώων] μ. αἰὲν ἀτάσθαλον</b> their [[bent]] is aye to folly, <span class="bibl">Il.13.634</span>: in pl., [[intents]], ἐμῶν μενέων ἀπερωεύς <span class="bibl">8.361</span>: hence, [[temper]], [[disposition]], in compds., like [[εὐμενής]], [[δυσμενής]]. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> in periphr., like [[βίη]], etc., <b class="b3">ἱερὸν μένος Ἀντινόοιο</b>, for <span class="title">Antinous</span> himself, <span class="bibl">Od.18.34</span>; μένος Ἀτρεΐδαο <span class="bibl">Il.11.268</span>; μένε' ἀνδρῶν <span class="bibl">4.447</span>, <span class="bibl">Od.4.363</span>; καταφθιμένου μ. ἀνδρός <span class="bibl">Emp.111.9</span>; αἴης λάσιον μ. <span class="bibl">Id.27.2</span>; <b class="b3">αἰθέριον μ</b>., = [[αἰθήρ]], <span class="bibl">Id.115.9</span>. (Cf. Skt. [[mánas]] 'spirit', 'passion', Gr. <b class="b3">μέμονα, μαίνομαι</b>.)</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: n.<br />Meaning: <b class="b2">mind, courage, anger, strength, impulse</b> (Il.).<br />Compounds: Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">δυσ-μενής</b> [[evilminded]], [[hostile]] (Il.) with <b class="b3">δυσμέν-εια</b>, <b class="b3">-ίη</b>, <b class="b3">-αίνω</b> a. o.; metr. enlarged <b class="b3">δυσμενέων</b>, <b class="b3">-έοντες</b> (Od.; Leumann Hom Wörter 116 n. 83); <b class="b3">ἀ-μενής</b> [[forceless]] (E.); here the PN <b class="b3">Ἀμενέας</b>, <b class="b3">Ἀμενίσκος</b> and (with unexplained <b class="b3">-νν-</b>) <b class="b3">Ἀμεννάμενος</b>? (Bechtel, Namenst. 6 f.); on <b class="b3">ἀμενηνός</b> s. v.; PN like <b class="b3">Κλεο-μένης</b>; as 1. member in <b class="b3">μενο-εικής</b> <b class="b2">suited to the desired, agreeable, richly</b> (Hom.).<br />Derivatives: To <b class="b3">μένος</b> belong two verbs with remarkable formation: 1. <b class="b3">μενεαίνω</b>, <b class="b3">-ῆναι</b> [[desire strongly]], [[rage]] (Il.); prob. with analog. <b class="b3">-αίνω</b> from uncontracted <b class="b3">μένε-ος</b> etc. (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 54 n. 2 a. 2, 211, Schwyzer 440; cf. <b class="b3">κτερε-ΐζω</b>, <b class="b3">μελε-ϊστί</b>); diff. Solmsen Wortforsch. 51 n. 2, Chantraine Mél. Pedersen 205ff. (from <b class="b3">*μενέ[σ]-ων</b>; but <b class="b3">δυσ-μενέων</b> must be explained diff., s. above); cf. on <b class="b3">βλεμεαίνω</b>. --2. <b class="b3">μενοινάω</b> (<b class="b3">-ώω</b>), <b class="b3">-ῆσαι</b> <b class="b2">have in mind, aim at, wish, desire</b> (Il.) with <b class="b3">μενοινή</b> f. [[intention]], [[desire]] (Call., A. R., AP; prob. backformation); origin unclear; quite uncertain hypothesis by Solmsen Wortforsch. 51 f. (from <b class="b3">*μενώ</b> f.; cf. <b class="b3">Μενοίτης</b>, <b class="b3">-οίτιος</b>, which however certainly belongs to <b class="b3">οἶτος</b> [[fate]]); not better Brugmann IF 29, 237f., 12, 152, Wiedemann BB 28, 51, Specht Ursprung 167.<br />Origin: IE [Indo-European] [726] <b class="b2">*men-</b> [[mind]]<br />Etymology: As old verbal noun identical with Skt. <b class="b2">mánas-</b> n., Av. <b class="b2">manah-</b> n. [[pirit]], [[thought]], [[will]], IE <b class="b2">*ménos</b> n.; here OP <b class="b2">Haxā-maniš</b> m. PN prop. "who has the mind of a friend", [[friendly minded]] (Gr. <b class="b3">Ἀχαιμένης</b>; s. v.). Adj. <b class="b3">δυσ-μενής</b> = Av. <b class="b2">duš-manah-</b> [[evilminded]], Skt. <b class="b2">dur-manas-</b> [[sorrowful]]; <b class="b3">εὑ-μενής</b> : Skt. <b class="b2">su-mánas-</b> [[wellminded]]. But Lith. <b class="b2">mẽnas</b> m. [[rememberance]] is innovation to <b class="b2">menù</b> [[remember]] (cf. Fraenkel s. v.). -- A perfect of situation belonging here is <b class="b3">μέμονα</b> (s.v.), cf. <b class="b3">γένος</b> : <b class="b3">γέγονα</b>; with deviating meaning the present <b class="b3">μαίνομαι</b> (s. v.). On <b class="b3">μένος</b>: <b class="b3">μαίνομαι</b> cf. Z 100f. (of Achilleus): <b class="b3">ἀλλ</b>' <b class="b3">ὅδε λίην</b> | <b class="b3">μαίνεται</b>, <b class="b3">οὑδέ τίς οἱ δύναται μένος ἰσοφαρίζειν</b> (Porzig Satzinhalte 34). With diff. formation e.g. Lat. [[mēns]], <b class="b2">-tis</b> f. [[mind]] = Skt. <b class="b2">ma-tí-</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> etc.; IE <b class="b2">*mn̥-tí-</b> f.; cf. [[gēns]] beside [[genus]] = <b class="b3">γένος</b>. Further s. [[μιμνήσκω]]; cf. also on [[μένω]].<br />See also: Weiteres s. [[μιμνήσκω]]; vgl. auch zu [[μένω]].