κριός: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, <span class="sense"><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">A</span> [[ram]], <span class="bibl">Od.9.447</span>, <span class="bibl">461</span>, <span class="bibl">Hdt.2.42</span>, etc.; κριοὶ ἄγριοι <span class="bibl">Id.4.192</span>: prov., <b class="b3">κριὸς τροφεῖα ἀπέτεισεν</b>, of ingratitude, because a ram butts at those who have brought him up, <span class="bibl">Zen.4.63</span>, Suid., Hsch.; κριοὺς ἐκγεννᾶν τέκνα <span class="bibl">Eup.99</span>; <b class="b3">κριοῦ διακονία</b>, of thankless service, Suid., Hsch.; <b class="b3">τὸν κριὸν ὡς ἐπέχθη</b> the 'shearing of the [[ram]]', in allusion to the ode of Simonides in honour of Crius of Aegina, <span class="bibl">Ar.<span class="title">Nu.</span>1356</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b2">battering-ram</b>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Cyr.</span>7.4.1</span>, <span class="title">IG</span>22.468, <span class="bibl">Plb.1.48.9</span>, <span class="bibl">Ath.Mech.14.1</span>, <span class="bibl">J. <span class="title">BJ</span>3.7.19</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">3</span> the constellation <span class="title">Aries</span>, Eudox. ap. <span class="bibl">Hipparch. 1.2.13</span>, <span class="bibl">Euc.<span class="title">Phaen.</span>p.6</span> M., <span class="bibl">Arat.238</span>, <span class="bibl">J.<span class="title">AJ</span>3.10.5</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> a [[seamonster]], <span class="bibl">Ael.<span class="title">NA</span>9.49</span>, <span class="bibl">15.2</span>, <span class="bibl">Opp.<span class="title">H.</span>1.372</span>, <span class="bibl">5.33</span>, etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> kind of [[mussel]], <span class="bibl">Hegesand.36</span> (<b class="b3">κρεῖος</b> cod. A Ath.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> [[volute]] on the Corinthian capital, <b class="b2">twisted like a ram's horn</b>, Hsch. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">V</span> kind of [[ship]], <span class="bibl">Poll.1.83</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VI</span> part of an irrigation-system, dub. sens. in <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>14iii9</span> (iii A. D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">VII</span> [[a variety of]] <b class="b3">ἐρέβινθος</b>, <span class="bibl">Thphr.<span class="title">HP</span>8.5.1</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PCair.Zen.</span>192.8</span> (iii B. C.), Dsc.2.104, Gal.6.533: misspelt <b class="b3">κρεῖος</b> in <span class="bibl">Sophil.8</span>: Lat. [[cicer arietinum]], <span class="bibl">Petron.35</span>, etc.; [[est enim arietino capiti simile]], <span class="bibl">Plin.<span class="title">HN</span>18.124</span>. (Prob. cogn. with <b class="b3">κέρας</b>.)</span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[ram]] (Od.; on the meaning as opposed to <b class="b3">ἀρνειός</b> Benveniste BSL 45, 103), often metaph., esp. = [[battering ram]] (X., Plb., hell. inscr.); also name of a plant, [[kind of chickpea]] (Thphr., hell. pap., Dsc.; s. below), and a sea-monster (Ael., Opp.; Strömberg Fischnamen 102).<br />Compounds: Compp., e.g. <b class="b3">κριο-πρόσωπος</b> <b class="b2">with a ram's face</b> (Hdt.), <b class="b3">ἀντί-κριος</b> <b class="b2">enemy batt. ram</b> (Aen. Tact.).<br />Derivatives: <b class="b3">κριώδης</b> <b class="b2">ram-like</b> (Ph.); <b class="b3">κρίωμα</b> [[kind of ship]] (Aq.), also <b class="b2">batt. ram</b> (Apollod. Poliorc.?);<br />Origin: XX [etym. unknown]<br />Etymology: On the formation Chantraine Formation 187. Generally as <b class="b3">*κρι-Ϝός</b> connected with <b class="b3">κέρας</b> [[horn]], but this is impossible because of the laryngeal (<b class="b2">*ḱerh₂-</b>). Connection was sought esp. with the Germanic name of the reindeer, OWNo. [[hreinn]], OE [[hrān]] (IE <b class="b2">*ḱroi-no-</b>) (Persson Beitr. 2, 774; 891; 910 and Specht Ursprung 127 a. 138). Formally closer are some Balto-Slavic words for <b class="b2">curb etc.</b>, e.g. ORuss. Csl. [[krivъ]] <b class="b3">σκολιός</b>', Lith. <b class="b2">kreĩvas</b>, Eastlith. <b class="b2">kraĩvas</b> [[oblique]], [[curbed]], [[bent]] (cf. on [[κροιός]]); the ram would then have been called after his crooked horns. - As name of a kind of chickpea <b class="b3">κριός</b> has nothing to do with Lat. [[cicer]] (Bq, Pok. 598); the plant has rather its name from its curbed shells, s. Strömberg Theophrastea 50. - Forssman, IF 101 (1996) 304 suggests connection with Goth. [[hrisjan]] [[shake]], [[dally]], from <b class="b2">*kris-</b>.