ξένος: Difference between revisions

|Definition=ὁ, Ep. and Ion. ξεῖνος (also freq. in <span class="bibl">Pi., <span class="title">N.</span>7.61</span>, al., used by Trag. metri gr. even in trim., mostly in voc., <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>33</span>, al., <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">IT</span>798</span> codd., <span class="bibl"><span class="title">El.</span>247</span>), Aeol. ξέννος Hdn.Gr.<span class="bibl">2.302</span> ; scanned and written <b class="b3">ξεῖνος</b> in <span class="bibl">Theoc.28.6</span>, <span class="bibl">30.17</span> : Aeol. Sup. <b class="b3">ξεννότατος</b> Sch. Tz. in <span class="title">An. Ox.</span> 3.356.18 (sed v. fin.). <span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">I</span> <b class="b2">guest-friend</b>, applied to persons and states bound by a treaty or tie of hospitality, <span class="bibl">Od.1.313</span>, etc. ; ξεῖνοι δὲ… εὐχόμεθ' εἶναι ἐκ πατέρων φιλότητος <span class="bibl">15.196</span> ; ξ. πατρώϊός ἐσσι παλαιός <span class="bibl">Il.6.215</span> ; ξ. δ' ἀλλήλων πατρώϊοι εὐχόμεθ' εἶναι <span class="bibl">Od.1.187</span> ; φησὶ δ' Ὀδυσσῆος ξεῖνος πατρώϊος εἶναι <span class="bibl">17.522</span> ; later freq. coupled with φίλος, Πλούταρχος ὁ τούτου ξένος καὶ φίλος <span class="bibl">D.21.110</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">18.46</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>2.1.5</span>, <span class="bibl">Lys. 19.19</span> ; βασιλέως πατρικὸς ξ. <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Men.</span>78d</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> of parties giving or receiving hospitality, <span class="bibl">Od.8.145</span>, etc. ; mostly of the [[guest]], opp. the host, <b class="b3">ξεινοδόκοι καὶ ξεῖνος</b> ib.<span class="bibl">543</span>, etc. ; <b class="b3">ἁ ξείνα</b> the [[visitor]], <span class="bibl">Theoc.2.154</span> ; of [[guests]] at a club, opp. <b class="b3">σύνδειπνοι</b>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PTeb.</span>118.4</span> (ii B. C.) : less freq. of the [[host]], <span class="bibl">Il.15.532</span>, <span class="bibl">A.R.1.208</span>, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Rom.</span>16.23</span>, etc. : c. dat., ξεῖνός τινι <span class="bibl">Hdt.1.20</span>,<span class="bibl">22</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">Th.2.13</span>, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.1.10</span>, etc. ; also <b class="b3">ξ. τινός</b> ib. <span class="bibl">2.4.15</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> [[stranger]], esp. [[wanderer]], [[refugee]] (under the protection of <b class="b3">Ζεὺς ξένιος</b>), sts. coupled with ἱκέτης, Ζεὺς ἐπιτιμήτωρ ἱκετάων τε ξείνων τε ξείνιος <span class="bibl">Od.9.270</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">8.546</span>; with πτωχός, πρὸς γὰρ Διός εἰσιν ἅπαντες ξεῖνοί τε πτωχοί τε <span class="bibl">6.208</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> generally, [[stranger]], [[foreigner]], opp. <b class="b3">ἔνδημος</b>, <span class="bibl">Hes.<span class="title">Op.</span>225</span>; opp. <b class="b3">ἀστός</b>, <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">O.</span>7.90</span>, <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>13</span>, <span class="bibl">And.4.10</span>, etc. ; πολιατᾶν καὶ ξ. <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">I.</span>1.51</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">A. <span class="title">Th.</span>924</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Grg.</span> 473d</span>, etc. ; opp. <b class="b3">ἐπιχώριος</b>, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">Men.</span>94d</span>: coupled with <b class="b3">μέτοικος</b>, <span class="bibl">Th. 4.90</span>, cf. <span class="title">IG</span>12.39.53 ; with <b class="b3">ἔπηλυς</b>, <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Herm.</span>24</span> ; opp. a member of the family, <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PMasp.</span>169.10</span> (vi A. D.), etc. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">b</span> as a term of address to any [[stranger]], ὦ ξένε <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ion</span>247</span>, <span class="bibl">Mosch.1.5</span>, etc. ; ὦ ξένη <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Smp.</span> 204c</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> = [[βάρβαρος]], at Sparta, <span class="bibl">Hdt.9.11</span>,<span class="bibl">55</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">IV</span> [[hireling]], <span class="bibl">Od.14.102</span> ; esp. [[mercenary soldier]], IG12.949.89, <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">An.</span>1.1.10</span>, <span class="bibl">D.18.152</span>, etc. ; ξ. ναυβάται <span class="bibl">Th.1.121</span> : rarely simply, [[ally]], <span class="bibl">X.<span class="title">Lac.</span> 12.3</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">B</span> as Adj. ξένος, η, ον (also ος, ον <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Supp.</span>94</span>), Ion. ξεῖνος, η, ον, [[foreign]], not in Hom. (in the phrases ξεῖνε πάτερ <span class="bibl">Od.7.28</span>, ἄνθρωποι ξεῖνοι <span class="bibl">Il.24.202</span>, both words are Subst.) ; freq. in later writers, ξείνα γαῖα <span class="bibl">Pi.<span class="title">P.</span>4.118</span> codd.; ξένης ἐπὶ χθονός <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OC</span>1256</span> ; <b class="b3">γᾶς ἐπὶ ξένας</b> ib. <span class="bibl">1705</span> (lyr., cf. [[ξένη]]); <b class="b3">ἐν ξένῃσι χερσί</b> by [[foreign]] hands, <span class="bibl">Id.<span class="title">El.</span>1141</span> ; <b class="b3">ξ. δόμοι, πόλις</b>, etc., <span class="bibl">E.<span class="title">Ph.</span>339</span> (lyr.), <span class="bibl">369</span>, etc. ; of [[alien]] property, ξ. ἄρουραι <span class="bibl"><span class="title">PMasp.</span>295.22</span> (vi A.D.). </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">II</span> c. gen. rei, [[strange to]] a thing, <b class="b2">unacquainted with, ignorant of</b> it, ξ. τοῦ λόγου <span class="bibl">S.<span class="title">OT</span>219</span>, cf. <span class="title">AP</span>4.3a.37 (Agath.); ξ. τῶν διαθηκῶν τῆς ἐπαγγελίας <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Eph.</span>2.12</span>, cf. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">BGU</span>405.12</span> (iv A. D.). Adv. <b class="b3">ξένως, ἔχω τῆς ἐνθάδε λέξεως</b> I am [[a stranger to]] the mode of speech, <span class="bibl">Pl.<span class="title">Ap.</span>17d</span> ; ἔχειν τῆς διαλέκτου <span class="bibl">Them. <span class="title">Or.</span>21.253c</span>. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">III</span> [[strange]], [[unusual]], λόγοι <span class="bibl">A.<span class="title">Pr.</span>688</span> (lyr.) ; τιμωρίαι <span class="bibl">Ti.Locr.104d</span> ; ποιεῖν ξένην τὴν διάλεκτον <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Rh.</span>1404b11</span>, cf. <span class="bibl">1415a7</span> ; οὐδὲν ξ. ἐν τῷ παντὶ ἀποτελεῖται <span class="bibl">Epicur.<span class="title">Fr.</span>266</span> ; τοῖς νέοις ποιεῖν ξένα τὰ φαῦλα <span class="bibl">Arist.<span class="title">Pol.</span>1336b34</span> ; ξένα ταῖς ὄψεσι <span class="bibl">D.S.3.15</span> ; <b class="b3">ὡς ξένου συμβαίνοντος</b> I <span class="title">Ep.Pet.</span>4.12 ; διδαχαὶ ποικίλαι καὶ ξ. <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Ep.Hebr.</span>13.9</span> ; ξ. δαιμόνια <span class="bibl"><span class="title">Act.Ap.</span>17.18</span> : Sup., πράξεων ὡς -οτάτων Phld.<span class="title">Herc.</span>1251.5 ; ξ. αὐτῷ δοκεῖ τὸ πρᾶγμα <span class="bibl">Luc.<span class="title">Cont.</span>13</span>, etc. Adv. ξένως, λαλεῖν Phld.<span class="title">P</span>0.5.12. </span><span class="sense">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<span class="bld">2</span> <b class="b3">τοῦ πνεύματος… ῥύσις ὡς -ωτάτη</b> air as [[fresh]] as possible, <span class="bibl">Hp.<span class="title">Nat.Hom.</span>9</span>. (From <b class="b3">ξένϝος</b>, cf. πρόξενϝος <span class="title">IG</span>9(1).867, <b class="b3">Ξενϝάρης</b> ib.869, <b class="b3">Ξενϝοκλῆς, Ξένϝων</b>, ib.4.315,348 : hence it is improb. that the Aeol. form was <b class="b3">ξέννος</b>.) </span>

|etymtx=Grammatical information: m.<br />Meaning: [[foreigner]], [[guest]], [[guestfriend]], [[host]] (Il.), [[mercenary]], [[soldier]] (ξ 102, Att.); <b class="b3">ξένη</b> (scil. <b class="b3">γυνή</b>, <b class="b3">γῆ</b>) f. <b class="b2">the foreign, foreign country</b> (trag., X.); adj. [[foreign]] (posthom.).<br />Other forms: ep. Ion. poet. <b class="b3">ξεῖνος</b>, Dor. <b class="b3">ξένϜος</b> (in Cor. <b class="b3">ΞενϜοκλῆς</b>, Corc. El. <b class="b3">ΞενϜάρης</b>), <b class="b3">ξῆνος</b> (Cyr. <b class="b3">Φιλόξηνος</b>), (hyper)Aeol. <b class="b3">ξέννος</b> (Hdn.; vgl. Schwyzer 228), (?),<br />Dialectal forms: Myc. [[kesenuwo]] \/[[ksenwos]]\/<br />Compounds: Many compp., e.g. <b class="b3">ξενο-</b>, <b class="b3">ξεινο-δόκος</b> m. [[receiving foreigners]], [[guests]], [[host]] (Il.), <b class="b3">φιλό-ξε(ι)νος</b> [[loving guests]], [[hospitable]] (Od.; on the verbal function of the 1. element Schwyzer 442), <b class="b3">πρόξενος</b>, Corc. <b class="b3">πρόξενϜος</b> m. <b class="b2">deputy guest, state guest</b> (posthom.; Risch IF 59, 38 f.); on <b class="b3">Εὔξεινος</b> (<b class="b3">πόντος</b>) s. v.<br />Derivatives: A. Adj. 1. <b class="b3">ξένιος</b>, <b class="b3">ξείνιος</b> [[regarding the foreigner]], <b class="b3">τὰ ξε(ί)νια</b> <b class="b2">gust-gifts</b> (Il.; Myc. [[kesenuwija]]); 2. younger <b class="b3">ξε(ι)νικός</b> <b class="b2">id.</b> (IA.; Chantraine Études, s. Index) ; 3. <b class="b3">ξεινήϊος</b> in <b class="b3">τὰ ξεινήϊα</b> (<b class="b3">τὸ ξ-ον</b>) = <b class="b3">τὰ ξείνια</b> (Hom.), after <b class="b3">πρεσβήϊα</b> (Risch ̨ 46); 4. <b class="b3">ξενόεις</b> [[full of foreigners]] (E. in lyr.). B. Subst. 1. <b class="b3">ξε(ι)νίη</b>, <b class="b3">-ία</b> f. <b class="b2">guest-friendship, guest-right</b> (since <b class="b3">ω</b>); 2. <b class="b3">ξεινοσύνη</b> f. [[hospitality]] (φ 35; Porzig Satzinhalte 226, Wyss <b class="b3">-συνη</b> 26); 3. <b class="b3">ξενών</b>, <b class="b3">-ῶνος</b> m. <b class="b2">guest-room, -house</b> (E., Pl.; cf. H.Bolkestein <b class="b3">Ξενών</b> [MAWNeth. 84 B : 3] 1937); <b class="b3">ξενῶνες οἱ ἀνδρῶνες ὑπὸ Φρυγῶν</b> H.; after Pisani AnFilCl 6, 211ff. to the family of <b class="b3">χθών</b>(?); 4. <b class="b3">ξενίς</b>, <b class="b3">-ίδος</b> f. [[road leading into foreign countries]] (Delph. IIa); 5. <b class="b3">ξενίδιον</b> n. [[small guesthous]] (pap. IIIp); 6. <b class="b3">ξεν-ύδριον</b> (Men.), <b class="b3">-ύλλιον</b> (Plu.) depreciatory dimin. of <b class="b3">ξένος</b> (Chantraine Form. 73 f.). C. Verbs. 1. <b class="b3">ξε(ι)νίζω</b> [[receive guestly]], [[hospitalize]] (Il.), also [[wonder]] (hell.) with <b class="b3">ξένισις</b> f. [[hospitality]] (Th.), <b class="b3">ξενισμός</b> m. <b class="b2">id.</b> (Pl., inscr., Luc.), also [[wonder]], [[innovation]] (Plb., D. S., Dsc.); <b class="b3">ξενιστής</b> m. [[host]] (sch.). 2. <b class="b3">ξε(ι)νόομαι</b> <b class="b2">accept s.body as a guest</b> (Pi., IA.), also <b class="b2">live in foreign country, go in ..</b> (S., E.), <b class="b3">-όω</b> [[embessle]] (Hld.); <b class="b3">ξένωσις</b> f. [[residence abroad]] (E. HF 965; cf. v. Wilamowitz ad loc.). 3. <b class="b3">ξενιτεύομαι</b> [[serve as soldier abroad]] (Isoc., Antiph.), <b class="b3">-ω</b> [[live abroad]] (Timae. Hist., J.); after <b class="b3">πολιτεύομαι</b>, <b class="b3">-ω</b> : <b class="b3">πολίτης</b> : <b class="b3">πόλις</b> (Georgacas Glotta 36, 173); <b class="b3">ξενιτ-εία</b> f. [[mercenary]], [[live abroad]] (Democr., LXX), <b class="b3">-ευτής</b> m. [[who lives abroad]] (VIp).<br />Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]<br />Etymology: Isolated. The semantic agreement with the old word for [[foreigner]], [[guest]] in Lat. [[hostis]] m. [[foreigner]], [[enemy]], Germ., e.g. Goth. [[gasts]] [[guest]], OCS [[gostь]] <b class="b2">id.</b>, IE <b class="b2">*ghosti-s</b>, led to attempts, to connect them also formally, which is possible omly with a mechanic and arbitrary analysis: <b class="b3">*ξ-εν-Ϝος</b> to a sero grade and nasalized present <b class="b2">*ghs-en-u̯ō</b> (Brugmann IF 1, 172ff.; s also Schwyzer 329 and Pisani Ist. Lomb. 73: 2, 30). Other explanations, also to be rejected, in Bq, WP. 1, 640f., W.-Hofmann s. [[hostis]]. -- Jokl (IF 37, 93, after Pedersen) wants to find a lengthened grade <b class="b2">*ghsēn-</b> in Alb. [[huai]] [[foreign]]. Very uncertein Newphryg. voc. <b class="b3">ξευνε</b>; on it with a Illyrian hypothesis v. Blumenthal Glotta 20, 288. Is it Pre-Greek?